Isayensi

Izibonelo ezi-5 zemibuzo yelensi eqondile

1. Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondile (ilensi ehlanganayo) bungama-15 cm. Into ephakeme ngama-5 cm itholakala ngakwesobunxele selensi. Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe uma into ingama-5 cm ukusuka kulensi eqondile.
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ubude be-focal (f) = 15 cm
Ubude be-focal lens eqondile buhle ngoba indawo eqondile yelensi eqondile idlula ngokukhanya noma ingokoqobo.
Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 5 cm
Ibanga lento = 5 cm

Funda kabanzi

1. Ubude obuqondile be- ilensi egobile (ilensi ejikelezayo) engu-30 cm. Into ephakeme ngo-5 cm itholakala ngakwesobunxele selensi. Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe uma into ingama-15 cm ukusuka kulensi egobile.
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Ubude be-focal (f) = -30 cm
Ubude be-focal lens egobile buyi-negative ngoba indawo egobile yelens egobile ayidluliswanga yi-light beam noma i-virtual.
Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 5 cm
Ibanga lento = 15 cm

Funda kabanzi

Izibonelo ezi-3 zemibuzo yesibuko esigoqekile

1. Isibuko esigobile inobude obuqondile obungu-5 cm. Chaza ukwakheka kwesithombe bese unquma ibanga lesithombe kanye nokukhulisa isithombe uma ibanga lento esuka esibukweni esigobile lingu-10 cm.
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ubude obuqondile besibuko esigobile (f) = 5 cm
Ukugxila kwesibuko esigobile kuyinto enhle ngoba indawo egxile esibukweni esigobile yilapho ukukhanya kudlula khona noma kungokoqobo.
Ibanga lento = 10 cm
Impendulo:
Isithombe sokwakheka kwezithunzi zezinto :

Funda kabanzi

1. Isibuko esijiyile inobude obuqondile obungu-10 cm. Chaza ukwakheka kwesithombe bese unquma ibanga lesithombe kanye nokukhulisa isithombe uma ibanga lento kusukela esibukweni esiqondile lingu-20 cm.
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ubude be-focal yesibuko esiqondile (f) = -10 cm
Ukugxila kwesibuko esijiyile akukuhle ngoba indawo egxile esibukweni esijiyile ayidluli ngokukhanya noma ingokoqobo.
Ibanga lento = 20 cm
Impendulo:
Isithombe sokwakheka kwezithunzi zezinto :
Ibanga lesithunzi:
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/10 – 1/20 = -2/20 – 1/20 = -3/20
s' = -20/3 = -6,7 cm
Ibanga lesithunzi alilungile, okusho ukuthi isithunzi sibonakala nge-inthanethi noma ukukhanya akudluli esithunzini.
Ibanga lesithombe lincane ngamasentimitha angu-6,7 kunebanga lento elingamasentimitha angu-20.
Ukukhulisa isithombe:
M = -s'/s = -(-6,7)/20 = 6,7/20 = izikhathi ezingu-0,3
Ukukhulisa okungu-0,3 kusho ukuthi ubukhulu besithunzi buncane ngokuphindwe ka-0,3 kunobukhulu bento.
Ukukhulisa isithombe okuhle kusho ukuthi isithombe simile. Isithombe siyaguqulwa uma ukukhulisa isithombe kungalungile.

Funda kabanzi

Ibanga lento lincane kunobude bokugxila belensi eqondile (s > f)
Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni ku- isithombe selensi eqondile Kungaphethwa ngokuthi uma ibanga (ama) lento lincane kunobude be-focal (f) belensi eqondile khona-ke izakhiwo zesithombe selensi eqondile ngu:
– UMaya usho ukuthi ukukhanya akudluli emthunzini
- Iqonde noma ingagxilile
– Uma into ikude kakhulu nelensi eqondile, usayizi wesithombe uba mkhulu.
– Uma into ikude kakhulu nelensi eqondile, isithombe siqhele kakhulu kuyo. ilensi eqondile

Funda kabanzi

Ukuze uqonde isithombe sento eyakhiwe ilensi eqondile, hlola isibonelo esilandelayo sombuzo kanye nengxoxo. Kulo mbuzo, kucatshangwa ukuthi into ikude kakhulu nelensi eqondile, bese kuchazwa ukwakheka kwesithombe sento ngelensi eqondile , ibanga lesithombe kusuka kulensi eqondile kanye nokukhulisa isithombe ngelensi eqondile .

Ilensi egoqekile (ilensi ehlanganayo) inobude obuqondile obungu-20 cm. Into ephakeme ngo-10 cm itholakala ngakwesobunxele selensi. Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, kanye nokuphakama kwesithombe uma:
a) ibanga lento kusukela kulensi eqondile lincane kunobude obuqondile belensi eqondile (s < f),
b) ibanga lento kusukela kulensi eqondile lifana nobude obuqondile belensi eqondile (s = f),
c) ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondile likhulu kunobude obuqondile belensi eqondile (s > f).

Funda kabanzi

Ibanga lento lincane kunobude obuqondile belensi egobile (s > f)
Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni ku- isithombe selensi egobile Kungaphethwa ngokuthi uma ibanga (ama) lezinto lincane kunebanga eliqondile (f), khona-ke izakhiwo zesithombe selensi egobile ngu:
– UMaya usho ukuthi ukukhanya akudluli emthunzini
- Iqonde noma ingagxilile
– Uma into ikude kakhulu nelensi egobile, usayizi wesithombe uba mncane.
– Uma into ikude kakhulu nelensi egobile, isithombe sikude kakhulu nayo. ilensi egobile

Funda kabanzi

Ukuze uqonde isithombe sento eyakhiwe ilensi egobile, hlola isibonelo esilandelayo sombuzo kanye nengxoxo. Kulo mbuzo, kucatshangwa ukuthi into ikude kakhulu nelensi egobile, bese kuchazwa ukwakheka kwesithombe sento ngelensi egobile , ibanga lesithombe kusuka kulensi egobile kanye nokukhulisa isithombe ngelensi egobile .

Ubude obuqondile belensi eligobile (ilensi ehlukanisayo) bungama-20 cm. Into ephakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-10 itholakala ngakwesobunxele selensi. Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, kanye nokuphakama kwesithombe uma:
a) ibanga lento lincane kunobude obuqondile belensi egobile,
b) ibanga lento lifana nobude obuqondile belensi egobile
c) ibanga lento likhulu kunobude obuqondile belensi egobile,

Funda kabanzi

Ibanga lento lincane kunobude bokugxila besibuko esijijekile (s < f)
Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni ku- isithombe sesibuko esijiyile Kungaphethwa ngokuthi uma ibanga (ama) lezinto lincane kunebanga eliqondile (f), khona-ke izakhiwo zesithombe sesibuko esijiyile ngu:
– UMaya usho ukuthi ukukhanya akudluli emthunzini ngoba isithunzi singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile.
- Iqonde noma ingagxilile
– Uma into ikude kakhulu nesibuko esijiyile, usayizi wesithombe uba mncane.
– Uma into ikude kakhulu nesibuko esiqondile, isithombe sikude kakhulu nesibuko esiqondile.

Funda kabanzi

Ukuze uqonde isithombe sento eyakhiwe yisibuko esijiyile , naka isibonelo esilandelayo sombuzo kanye nengxoxo. Kulo mbuzo, kucatshangwa ukuthi into ikude kakhulu nesibuko esijiyile, bese kuchazwa ukwakheka kwesithombe sento yisibuko esijiyile , ibanga lesithombe esisuka esibukweni esijiyile kanye nokukhulisa isithombe esakhiwe yisibuko esijiyile.

Ake sithi isibuko esijiyile sinobubanzi obugobile obungu-30 cm. Chaza ukwakheka kwesithombe, bese unquma ibanga lesithombe kanye nokukhulisa isithombe uma:
a) ibanga lento lincane kunobude bokugxila (s < f)
b) ibanga lento lifana nobude bokugxila (s = f)
c) ibanga lento likhulu kunobude obuqondile futhi lincane kunobubanzi bokugoba kwesibuko (f < s < r)
d) ibanga ukusuka entweni lilingana nobubanzi bokugoba kwesibuko (s = R)

Funda kabanzi