Isayensi

Incazelo yesibonakude sezinkanyezi (ama-binoculars)

I-telescope yezinkanyezi noma ama-binocular ezinkanyezi iyithuluzi elibonakalayo elisetshenziselwa ukusiza iso ukubona izinto zasezulwini njengezinkanyezi, amaplanethi, amasathelayithi, njll. ngokucacile. Nakuba ubukhulu bezinto zasezulwini bukhulu kakhulu, ibanga phakathi kwezinto zasezulwini lide kakhulu kangangokuthi uma zibhekwa ngeso, izinto zasezulwini zibonakala zincane. I-telescope yezinkanyezi isebenza ukukhulisa isithombe sezinto zasezulwini ukuze zibonakale ngokucacile ngeso.

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Usayizi we-angular unquma usayizi wesithombe esakhiwe ku-retina. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla, uma into incane, usayizi we-angular uba mncane ngakho-ke isithombe esakhiwe ku-retina siba sincane. Usayizi wesithombe esincane ku-retina yisona sizathu esenza iso libe nobunzima bokubona izinto ezincane ngokucacile, ngisho noma zibukwa endaweni evamile eseduze noma ebangeni elingama-25 cm.

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Ukuqonda Ama-Microscope

I-microscope iyithuluzi elibonakalayo elisetshenziselwa ukusiza iso ukubona izinto ezincane kakhulu ngokucacile, lapho lezi zinto ezincane kakhulu kunzima ukuzibona ngqo usebenzisa iso noma ingilazi ekhulisayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-microscope: ama-microscope akhanyayo nama -microscope e-electron . Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngama-microscope akhanyayo nokuthi asebenza kanjani maqondana nesihloko se- geometric optics, okuhlanganisa ukugqama kokukhanya, ukwakheka kwesithombe, kanye nokukhulisa isithombe sento kusetshenziswa amalensi.

Ngaphambi kokufunda lesi sihloko, kungaba ngumqondo omuhle ukuthi uqale ufunde isibuyekezo sezibuko zokukhulisa noma ama-loupe ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda lesi sihloko kalula nangokushesha.

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Imibuzo yesibonelo namafomula okukhulisa ingilazi

1. Umcwaningi uhlola iqabunga esebenzisa ilensi eqondile enobude obungama-25/3 cm njengengilazi yokukhulisa. Yisiphi isitatimende esinembile?

(1) Ukukhulisa okune-angular kulingana no-4 uma isithombe sokugcina sento siqhele ngamasentimitha angama-25.

(2) Ukukhulisa kwe-angular kulingana no-3 uma isithombe sokugcina sento singaphakathi.

(3) Amandla ngelensi e-convex angama-12 Diopters

(4) Ibanga lesithombe sangempela lingu-25/3 cm uma ibanga lento lingu-50/3 cm.

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Incazelo yengilazi ekhulisayo

Ingilazi yokukhulisa, noma isikhulisi esilula, ilensi eqondile esetshenziselwa ukusiza iso ukuthi libone izinto okunzima ukuzibona ngqo, njengokubhala okuncane kakhulu. Ingilazi yokukhulisa ibizwa ngokuthi isikhulisi esilula ngoba inekhono elilinganiselwe lokukhulisa isithombe sento. Esifundweni esilandelayo, uzofunda ngezikhulisi ezingezona ezilula njenge- microscope , i-terrestrial telescopes , kanye ne-telescopes.

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Izibonelo ezi-3 zemibuzo yezibuko ezibonakalayo

1. Ake sithi umngane wakho ugqoka izibuko ezinamalensi anamandla angama-diopters angu-2. Amalensi ezibuko zamehlo ngokuvamile ingama-2 cm ukusuka esweni.
(a) Umngane wakho uphethe izibuko ilensi egobile noma ilensi eqondile ?
(b) Bungakanani ubude be-focal belensi?
(c) Amehlo omngane wakho ukubona eduze noma ukubona kude Uma ubona eduze, yiliphi ibanga elide kakhulu amehlo akho angalibona? Uma ubona eduze, yiliphi ibanga eliseduze kakhulu amehlo akho angalibona?

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2 Izibonelo zemibuzo mayelana nezinsimbi zokubona ze-contact lens

1. Ake sithi usebenzisa ilensi yokuxhumana enamandla angama-diopters angu--5. Ilensi yokuxhumana inamathele esweni ukuze ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi nelensi libe amalensi okuxhumana futhi amehlo abhekwa njengo-zero.
(a) Ukusetshenziswa kwamalensi okuxhumana ilensi egobile noma ilensi eqondile ?
(b) Bungakanani ubude be-focal belensi?
(c) Wena ukubona eduze noma ukubona kude Uma ubona eduze, yiliphi ibanga elide kakhulu amehlo akho angalibona? Uma ubona eduze, yiliphi ibanga eliseduze kakhulu iso elingalibona?

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2 Izibonelo zemibuzo mayelana nezinsimbi zamehlo ezibonakalayo

1. Umuntu onayo amehlo avamile ukubuka into ekude, lapho iphuzu elikude leso elivamile lingapheli. Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso bufana nebanga eliphakathi kwe-cornea ne-retina, okungukuthi ama-2,5 cm, kunquma (a) ibanga lesithombe, (b) amandla elensi.
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Uhlelo lwelensi ye-cornea yeso lusebenza ukujikisa nokugxila imisebe yokukhanya engena esweni. Uma kukhulunywa nge-cornea kuphela, ake sithi yi-cornea kuphela ejikisa imisebe yokukhanya. I-cornea isebenza njengelensi ejikisayo noma ilensi ejikisayo. ilensi ehlanganayo okugxila ukukhanya endaweni eyodwa.

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2 Izibonelo zemibuzo yelensi ephindwe kabili enezingqimba ezigobile

1. Ilensi eqondile inobude obuqondile obungama-30 cm kanti ilensi eqondile inobude obuqondile obungama-20 cm obubekwe eduze lapho ibanga eliphakathi kwamalensi amabili lingu-150 cm. Uma into ingama-40 cm phambi kwelensi eqondile, nquma ibanga lesithombe kanye nokukhulisa isithombe esakhiwe amalensi amabili. ilensi eqondile dan ilensi egobile thula!
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Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondile (f)₁) = +30 cm
Ubude be-focal lens eqondile buyinto enhle ngoba ukukhanya kudlula endaweni eqondile yelens eqondile.
Ubude obuqondile belensi egobile (f)₂) = -20 cm

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Izibonelo ezimbili zemibuzo ye-convex convex double lens

1. Amalensi amabili aqondile, ngalinye linobude obungamasentimitha angama-20 no-30, abekwe eduze, ibanga eliphakathi kwamalensi amabili aqondile lingu-70 cm. Into ingamasentimitha angama-30 phambi kwelensi yokuqala. Thola ibanga lesithombe kanye nokukhulisa isithombe esakhiwe amalensi amabili. ilensi eqondile thula!
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