Iziteshi Zesimo Sezulu Nemisebenzi Yazo
Isiteshi sesimo sezulu siyisikhungo esenzelwe ngqo ukuqoqa idatha yomkhathi kusetshenziswa izinsimbi nobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene. Lezi ziteshi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu. Emhlabeni jikelele, iziteshi zesimo sezulu zinikeza idatha ebalulekile esekela ukubikezela isimo sezulu, ucwaningo lwesayensi, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezithinta impilo yansuku zonke.
Umlando Omfushane Weziteshi Zesimo Sezulu
Iziteshi zezulu zanamuhla zinezimpande zomlando omude. Ekhulwini le-17 nele-18, ososayensi baqala ukuqopha ukubonwa kwesimo sezulu ngendlela ehlelekile, besebenzisa izinsimbi ezifana nama-barometer nama-thermometer. Ngo-1849, iSmithsonian Institution e-United States yaqala inethiwekhi ehlelekile yeziteshi zokubonwa kwesimo sezulu, yabeka isisekelo senethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke esinayo namuhla.
Indima Eyinhloko kanye Nomsebenzi Weziteshi Zesimo Sezulu
1. Ukuqoqwa Kwedatha Yesimo Sezulu
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesiteshi sesimo sezulu ukuqoqa idatha yesimo sezulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nokushisa komoya, umswakama, isivinini somoya kanye nesiqondiso, ingcindezi ye-barometric, kanye nemvula. Le datha iqoqwa kusetshenziswa uchungechunge lwezinsimbi zokulinganisa eziyinkimbinkimbi njenge-thermometer, i-hygrometer, i-anemometer, i-barometer, kanye ne-pluviometer.
2. Isibikezelo Sezulu
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa idatha eqoqwe yiziteshi zezulu ukubikezela isimo sezulu. Izazi zezulu zisebenzisa idatha evela eziteshini ezahlukahlukene ukudala amamodeli ezibalo abikezela izimo zezulu zesikhathi esizayo. Ukubikezela isimo sezulu kubalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, okuhlanganisa izindiza, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi, ezolimo, kanye nokuhlela kwansuku zonke.
3. Ukuqapha Isimo Sezulu
Ngaphezu kwesimo sezulu sesikhathi esifushane, iziteshi zesimo sezulu nazo ziyasiza ekuqapheni isimo sezulu sesikhathi eside. Idatha yesimo sezulu yomlando eqoqwe ingasetshenziswa ukuqonda izitayela zesimo sezulu, ukuhlonza ushintsho lwesimo sezulu, nokuthuthukisa amamodeli esimo sezulu esikhathi esizayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu esimweni sokufudumala komhlaba kanye noshintsho lwesimo sezulu, okuyizinto ezikhathazayo emhlabeni jikelele njengamanje.
4. Isexwayiso Kusenesikhathi kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezinhlekelele
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zidlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi ngezinhlekelele zemvelo ezifana neziphepho, izivunguvungu, kanye nezikhukhula. Idatha yesikhathi sangempela eziyikhiqizayo ivumela iziphathimandla ukuthi zinikeze umphakathi izexwayiso kusenesikhathi, okuvumela izinyathelo zokuphepha. Isibonelo, ngokubikezela ukunyakaza kwesiphepho noma isiphepho, ohulumeni bangasusa izakhamuzi ezindaweni ezithintekile futhi banciphise ukulahleka kwempilo.
5. Ucwaningo Lwesayensi
Idatha eqoqwe iwusizo futhi ocwaningweni lwesayensi emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-meteorology, i-climatology, kanye nesayensi yomoya. Lolu cwaningo lungaveza ukutholakala okusha mayelana nokuguquguquka komoya, izinqubo zesimo sezulu, kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi komkhathi kanye nezinhlelo zemvelo zoMhlaba.
Izinhlobo Zeziteshi Zesimo Sezulu
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ngokusekelwe endaweni yazo kanye nohlobo lwedatha eziqoqayo:
1. Isiteshi Somphezulu
Lolu uhlobo lwesiteshi oluvame kakhulu, olutholakala emhlabeni. Zilinganisa izinguquko zomkhathi ebusweni boMhlaba noma eduze kwawo. Lezi ziteshi zingatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izindawo zasemadolobheni, zasemakhaya, kanye nezindawo ezikude.
2. Isiteshi Sasolwandle
Njengoba zibekwe olwandle, ngokuvamile emikhunjini noma ezinkundleni zolwandle, lezi ziteshi ziqoqa idatha ngezimo zomkhathi nezolwandle, njengokushisa kwamanzi olwandle, amagagasi, kanye nesiqondiso samanje. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuzulazuleni nasekucwaningeni kolwandle.
3. Isiteshi Sezindiza
Iziteshi ezithwala umoya, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-radiosondes, zintanta ngamabhaluni futhi zilinganisa umkhathi ngokuqondile kuya ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Zinikeza idatha yephrofayili yomkhathi ewusizo kakhulu kumamodeli esimo sezulu.
4. Isiteshi Sezulu Esizenzakalelayo
Lezi ziteshi zisebenza ngaphandle kokuqashwa komuntu ngqo futhi zisebenzisa izinzwa ezenzakalelayo ukuqoqa idatha yesimo sezulu. Le datha ivame ukudluliselwa ngesikhathi sangempela esikhungweni sokucubungula idatha ngesathelayithi noma ezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana.
Amathuluzi Asetshenziswa Eziteshini Zesimo Sezulu
Kusetshenziswa izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene eziteshini zesimo sezulu ukuqoqa idatha yesimo sezulu. Nazi ezinye zezinsimbi eziyinhloko ezivame ukusetshenziswa:
1. I-Thermometer
I-thermometer iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokushisa lomoya. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-thermometer, okuhlanganisa ama-thermometer otshwala, ama-thermometer e-mercury, kanye nama-thermometer edijithali.
2. I-Barometer
I-barometer ilinganisa umfutho womoya. Ushintsho lomfutho womoya lungabonisa izinguquko esimweni sezulu, njengesiphepho esisondelayo noma uhlelo lwesimo sezulu oluzinzile.
3. I-Anemometer
I-anemometer iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukukala isivinini somoya. Amanye ama-anemometer angalinganisa nesiqondiso somoya.
4. I-Hygrometer
I-hygrometer ilinganisa umswakama, okuyinani lomhwamuko wamanzi emkhathini. Umswakama ungathinta induduzo yabantu kanye nokwakheka kwamafu kanye nemvula.
5. I-Pluviometer
I-pluviometer, noma i-rain gauge, ilinganisa inani lemvula eliwela endaweni ethile.
Umthelela kanye nezinzuzo zeziteshi zezulu zomphakathi
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi emphakathini. Amamephu esimo sezulu kanye nezibikezelo zansuku zonke zivumela abantu ukuthi bahlele imisebenzi yabo ngempumelelo nangokuphepha. Ulwazi mayelana nezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, njengeziphepho namagagasi okushisa, lwenza ohulumeni nemiphakathi bakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa izingozi kanye nokulahlekelwa.
Kwezolimo, idatha yesimo sezulu isiza abalimi ukunquma izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala, ukunisela, nokuvuna izitshalo, okungathuthukisa isivuno kanye nokusebenza kahle. Kwezokuthutha kanye nezokuthuthwa kwempahla, izibikezelo zesimo sezulu zisiza ukuhlela imizila ephephile nephumelelayo, kunciphisa ingozi yezingozi kanye nokubambezeleka.
Ucwaningo lwesimo sezulu oluqhutshwa kusetshenziswa idatha evela eziteshini zesimo sezulu luphinde lusize ekuthuthukiseni izinqubomgomo zemvelo kanye namasu okunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukuqonda kangcono isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu kuvumela amazwe ukuthi enze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nentuthuko esimeme kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Isiphetho
Iziteshi zesimo sezulu ziyisici esibalulekile ohlelweni lokuqapha isimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokuqoqwa kwedatha okuhlelekile nokuhlukahlukene, lezi ziteshi zivumela ukubikezela isimo sezulu okunembile, izixwayiso zenhlekelele zakuqala, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi olujulile. Zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha, ukusekela ezolimo kanye nezokuthutha, kanye nokusisiza siqonde futhi siphendule izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo. Njengomphakathi, sithembele kakhulu olwazini olunikezwa iziteshi zesimo sezulu ukuze senze izinqumo ezingcono futhi sivikele inhlalakahle yethu sonke.
