Umehluko phakathi kwe-Ferrous Metallurgy kanye ne-Non-Ferrous Metallurgy
I-Metallurgy yisayensi efunda izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zezinsimbi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo kanye nezinqubo. Ngaphakathi kwe-metallurgy, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-ferrous metallurgy kanye ne-non-ferrous metallurgy. Ngayinye inezimpawu ezihlukile, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umehluko phakathi kwe-ferrous metallurgy kanye ne-non-ferrous metallurgy.
Incazelo ye-Metallurgy ye-Ferrous ne-Non-Ferrous
Insimbi Emnyama
I-Black Metallurgy ibhekisela ekucutshungulweni kwezinsimbi eziqukethe insimbi njengengxenye eyinhloko. Lezi zinsimbi zifaka insimbi nensimbi, ezihlanganisa iqembu elikhulu kakhulu lezinsimbi ezikhiqizwa futhi zisetshenziswe emhlabeni jikelele. Insimbi idlala indima evelele emphakathini wezimboni wanamuhla ngenxa yamandla ayo angavamile, ukuqina, kanye nokuguquguquka.
Insimbi Engeyona Insimbi
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-metallurgy engeyona i-ferrous ihilela ukucutshungulwa kwezinsimbi ezingenayo i-iron, noma eziqukethe inani elincane le-iron njengokungcola. Lezi zinsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous zifaka i-aluminium, ithusi, i-tin, i-zinc, i-titanium, nezinye. Lezi zinsimbi zaziwa ngezakhiwo zazo ezikhethekile njengokuqhuba okuphezulu kukagesi (njengethusi), ukumelana nokugqwala (njenge-aluminium), kanye nokudonsa okuphansi (njenge-titanium).
Umehluko Ngokwezakhiwo Zomzimba Nezamakhemikhali
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo Nezamakhemikhali Zensimbi Emnyama
1. Amandla Nokuqina: Insimbi nensimbi zaziwa ngamandla azo aphezulu okubamba kanye nokumelana nemithwalo yemishini.
2. Amandla Adonsela Phansi Aqondile: Izinsimbi ezimnyama ngokuvamile zinamandla adonsela phansi aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous njenge-aluminium noma i-titanium.
3. Ukuqhuba: Ukuqhuba kukagesi nokushisa kwezinsimbi ezimnyama njengensimbi kuphansi kunokwezinsimbi ezingezona insimbi njengethusi.
4. Ukugqwala: Insimbi nensimbi kuvame ukugqwala noma ukugqwala uma kunganikezwa isivikelo esengeziwe njengesimbozo se-galvanized.
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo Nezamakhemikhali Zensimbi Engenalo I-Ferrous
1. Ukuqhuba Ugesi Nokushisa: Izinsimbi eziningi ezingezona i-ferrous njengethusi ne-aluminium zinamandla aphezulu okuqhuba ugesi nokushisa.
2. Isisindo Esilula: Ezinye izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous njenge-aluminium ne-titanium zinamandla aphansi okudonsela phansi, okwenza zifaneleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okudinga izinto ezilula kodwa eziqinile.
3. Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous ngokuvamile zimelana nokugqwala kakhulu kunezinsimbi ze-ferrous, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezigqwalayo.
4. Ukuguquguquka Nokuguquguquka: Izinsimbi eziningi ezingezona insimbi, njengegolide nesiliva, ziguquguqukayo kakhulu futhi ziguquguqukayo, okwenza kube lula ukuzibumba nokuzicubungula.
Izicelo Ezweni Lezimboni
Izicelo ze-Black Metallurgy
1. Imboni Yokwakha: Insimbi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, amabhuloho kanye nezinye ingqalasizinda ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kanye nokuqina kwayo.
2. Izimoto: Amafreyimu ezimoto kanye nezingxenye zazo zivame ukwenziwa ngensimbi ngenxa yekhono lazo lokumelana nemithwalo yemishini.
3. Imboni Yemishini: Insimbi ecijile isetshenziswa nasekukhiqizweni kwemishini yezimboni kanye nemishini ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezithembekile zemishini.
Izicelo Zokusebenzisa Insimbi Engeyona I-Ferrous
1. Izinto zikagesi: Ithusi lisetshenziswa ezintanjeni nasezintweni zikagesi ngenxa yokuqhuba kwalo ugesi okuphezulu.
2. Izindiza: I-Titanium ne-aluminium zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezindiza ngenxa yesilinganiso sazo samandla nesisindo.
3. Ukwakhiwa Nokushiswa: I-Aluminium isetshenziswa ezintweni zokwakha nokweswa ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala kanye nokuqhuba kahle kokushisa.
4. Imithi: Ezinye izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous njenge-titanium nazo zisetshenziswa ezifakelweni zezokwelapha ngenxa yokuhambisana kwazo nezinto eziphilayo.
Amasu Nezinqubo Zokukhiqiza
Ukukhiqizwa Kwensimbi Emnyama
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi ezimnyama njengensimbi ngokuvamile kuhilela izinqubo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuncibilikisa: Insimbi eningi iyancibilikiswa esithandweni somlilo ukuze kususwe ukungcola bese iguqulwa ibe yinsimbi ewuketshezi.
2. Ukucwenga: Insimbi eluhlaza iyacwengisiswa ngezinqubo ezifana neBessemer noma i-Open Hearth ukuze kukhiqizwe insimbi esezingeni eliphezulu.
3. Ukwakheka: Insimbi encibilikisiwe ithululelwa esikhumbeni bese iqhubeka nenqubo yokugoqa, yokuhlanganisa, noma yokukhipha ukuze kutholakale isimo esifunwayo.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwensimbi Engenalo I-Ferrous
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi ezingezona insimbi kuhilela izinqubo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwensimbi:
1. I-Electrolysis: I-aluminium, isibonelo, ikhiqizwa ngenqubo ye-Hall-Héroult, lapho i-alumina incishiswa khona ibe yi-aluminium emsulwa kusetshenziswa i-electrolysis.
2. Ukucwengisisa Okushisayo: Ezinye izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous njengethusi zingahlanzwa ngezinqubo zokuntanta nokuncibilikisa.
3. Ukuhlanganisa: Izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous zivame ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izakhi ukuze kudalwe izinsimbi ezinezakhiwo ezifiselekayo, njenge-duralumin (i-aluminium alloy enamandla aphezulu).
Izindleko Nokuzinza
Izindleko Zokusebenzisa Insimbi Emnyama
1. Amandla Aphezulu: Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi kuyinqubo edinga amandla amaningi, ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kwesithando somlilo.
2. Izindleko Zezinto Ezingavuthiwe: I-iron ore ishibhile futhi itholakala ngobuningi, kodwa ukucubungula kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi kuyanezela ezindlekweni.
3. Ukusimama: Inqubo yokucubungula insimbi nensimbi ikhiqiza ukukhishwa okukhulu kwekhabhoni, okwenza ukusimama kube yinkinga enkulu.
Izindleko Zensimbi Ezingenalo I-Ferrous
1. Izinqubo Ezikhethekile: Izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziqondile kakhulu njenge-electrolysis zidala izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu zezinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous.
2. Izinto Zokusetshenziswa: Izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous zivame ukubiza kakhulu ngenxa yenqubo yokukhipha eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezincane.
3. Ukusimama: Izinsimbi eziningi ezingezona i-ferrous, ikakhulukazi i-aluminium, zingaphinde zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo ephezulu, okwenza zibe nobungane kakhulu nemvelo.
Isiphetho
Umehluko phakathi kwe-ferrous metallurgy kanye ne-non-ferrous metallurgy usekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali azo, izakhiwo zomzimba, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni. Izinsimbi ze-ferrous ezifana ne-iron ne-steel zaziwa ngamandla azo angavamile futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni nasezimbonini ezisindayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous ezifana ne-aluminium nethusi zinikeza izinzuzo ekuqhutshweni nasekumelaneni nokugqwala, okwenza zibe zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile nezobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-elekthronikhi kanye nemboni yezindiza. Ngokuqonda lo mehluko, singakhetha uhlobo lwensimbi olufanelana kahle nezidingo zesicelo esithile, sicabangela izindleko kanye nezici zokuzinza kwemvelo enkambisweni yokwenza izinqumo.
