Ukubaluleka Kwensimbi Embonini Yemishini Yezokwelapha
Imboni yamadivayisi ezokwelapha ingenye yemikhakha ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ekhula ngokushesha kwezempilo. Impumelelo nokusebenza kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha kuncike kakhulu ekukhetheni izinto ezifanele, ukuqina, kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo ngokuphephile emzimbeni womuntu. Yilapho i-metallurgy idlala khona indima ebalulekile. I-Metallurgy, noma isayensi nobuchwepheshe bezinsimbi, ayisebenzi nje kuphela ngokukhishwa nokuhlanzwa kwezinsimbi kodwa futhi nokushintsha isakhiwo sazo kanye nezakhiwo ukuze zivumelane nezicelo ezithile kumadivayisi ezokwelapha.
Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo Lwensimbi Ezinhlelweni Zezokwelapha
Ngokuphathelene namadivayisi ezokwelapha, i-metallurgy ihlanganisa ukuqonda izakhiwo zomzimba, zamakhemikhali, kanye nezomshini zezinsimbi kanye nama-alloy asetshenziswayo. Ezinye izinsimbi kanye nama-alloy avame ukusetshenziswa embonini yamadivayisi ezokwelapha zifaka insimbi engagqwali, i-titanium, i-cobalt-chromium, kanye nama-alloy asekelwe ku-nickel. Ngayinye inezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi ngokusekelwe ezicelweni ezithile zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi izifakelo zokuhlinzwa, izinsimbi zokuhlinzwa, kanye namadivayisi okuxilonga.
Ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokugqwala
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-metallurgy kumadivayisi ezokwelapha ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo, okubhekisela ekhonweni lezinto ezibonakalayo lokuxhumana nezicubu eziphilayo ngaphandle kokubangela ukusabela okunobuthi noma kwe-immunological. Izinsimbi ezifana ne-titanium, isibonelo, zaziwa ngokuhambisana kwazo okuhle kakhulu kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqwala kuyinkinga enkulu okumele ixazululwe ezifakelweni zezokwelapha zensimbi. Ukugqwala kwensimbi emzimbeni kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwedivayisi kanye nokukhishwa kwama-ion ensimbi angaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, izifundo ezijulile ze-metallurgical zokuqonda nokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala zibalulekile.
Izakhiwo Zemishini
Izakhiwo zemishini zezinto zensimbi ezisetshenziswa kumadivayisi ezokwelapha kumele zibe namandla ngokwanele ukuze zimelane nemithwalo yemishini ehlangana nayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwazo. Amandla, ukunwebeka, ubulukhuni, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kungenye yezakhiwo ezibalulekile zemishini. Isibonelo, ama-alloy e-cobalt-chrome avame ukusetshenziswa ekufakweni kwamathambo ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwawo kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kakhulu.
Izicelo Zokusebenzisa Insimbi Kumadivayisi Ezokwelapha Ahlukahlukene
I-Metallurgy idlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zamadivayisi ezokwelapha, kusukela kumathuluzi okuhlinza kuya kumathuluzi okuxilonga kanye nokufakelwa.
Izimila Zamathambo
Ukufakelwa kwamathambo njengokufakwa esikhundleni kwamalunga esinqeni nasedolweni, izikulufo zamathambo, kanye namapuleti kuvame ukwenziwa ngama-alloy ensimbi njenge-titanium ne-cobalt-chrome. I-Titanium, njengoba ilula kodwa inamandla, ine-modulus yokunwebeka eseduze neyamathambo omuntu, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa ukucindezeleka okubangelwa yizicubu ezizungeze ukufakelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-titanium ingakha ungqimba lwe-oxide oluvikela ekugqwaleni futhi luthuthukise ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ama-stents kanye namadivayisi enhliziyo
Ama-stents, angamapayipi amancane asetshenziselwa ukuvula imithambo yegazi evalekile, avame ukwenziwa ngama-alloy asekelwe ku-nickel njenge-nitinol (nickel-titanium). I-Nitinol ihlukile ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ze-superelastic, ezivumela i-stent ukuthi iguquke bese ibuyela esimweni sayo sokuqala. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha lapho idivayisi kumele ivumelane ne-geometry enamandla yemithambo yegazi noma yenhliziyo.
Amathuluzi Okuhlinzwa
Izinto zokuhlinza ezifana nama-scalpel, ama-tweezers, kanye nezikele zidinga izinto eziqinile, ezibukhali, nezimelana nokugqwala. Insimbi engagqwali iyindlela evamile yala mathuluzi. Insimbi engagqwali yezinga lezokwelapha inikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, okwenza kube yinto efanelekile yezinsimbi ezinembe kakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe kanye Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha Kwezokwelapha Ngensimbi
Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bensimbi iyaqhubeka nokwandisa imingcele yokuklama nokusebenza kwedivayisi yezokwelapha. Ezinye izinto ezintsha ezibalulekile zifaka:
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwensimbi
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D yensimbi, noma ukukhiqizwa okungeziwe, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudalwa kwezimila namadivayisi ezokwelapha anezinga lobunzima okunzima ukulifinyelela ngezindlela zokukhiqiza ezivamile. Le ndlela ivumela ukudalwa kwezakhiwo ezinezimbobo ezingakhuthaza ukukhula kwamathambo amasha azungeze isimila, kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo.
Indawo Eguquliwe
Ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwendawo efana nokufakwa kwe-plasma, ukumbozwa kwe-hydroxylapatite, kanye ne-nanotexturing kungathuthukisa ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwezimila zensimbi. Izindawo eziguquliwe zingathuthukisa ukunamathela kweseli, zisheshise ukuphulukiswa, futhi zinciphise ingozi yokwenqatshwa.
Ingxubevange entsha
Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-alloy amasha, ahambisana kakhulu ne-bio futhi amelana nokugqwala, njenge-magnesium alloys yezicelo zokufakelwa kwe-bioresorbable, kuyindawo esebenzayo yocwaningo. Lawa ma-alloy aklanyelwe ukuwohloka kancane kancane futhi amuncwe umzimba ngemva kokwelashwa, kuqedwe isidingo sokususwa kwesibili ngokuhlinzwa.
Izinselele kanye Nekusasa Lensimbi Embonini Yezokwelapha
Naphezu kwentuthuko enkulu, kusenezinselelo eziningana ekusetshenzisweni kwe-metallurgy kumadivayisi ezokwelapha. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ukuhlolwa nokulawulwa. Amadivayisi ezokwelapha kumele adlule ezivivinyweni ezinzima zangaphambi kokwelashwa kanye nezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuba avunyelwe yizinhlangano ezilawulayo njenge-FDA e-US noma i-EMA eYurophu. Le nqubo idla isikhathi futhi ibiza kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko womuntu ngamunye ezimpendulweni zezinto eziphilayo ezinsimbini ezithile ungaba yinkinga. Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba noma ukuzwela ezinsimbini ezithile, njenge-nickel. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha ngezinsimbi alugcini esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwezinto kodwa luyaqhubeka ngezivivinyo zemitholampilo kanye nezifundo zesikhathi eside ngokuphepha nokusebenza kwazo.
Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-metallurgy neminye imikhakha yesayensi efana nezinto eziphilayo, ubuchwepheshe be-nano, kanye ne-biotechnology kuya ngokuya kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kubambisana kwemikhakha ehlukahlukene kulindeleke ukuthi kukhiqize izinto ezintsha namasu athuthukile, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kweziguli kanye nokusebenza kahle kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.
Isiphetho
I-Metallurgy idlala indima ebalulekile embonini yamadivayisi ezokwelapha ngokunikeza izinto eziqinile, ezihambisanayo nemvelo, nezihlala isikhathi eside ezivumela ukuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlukahlukene athuthukile. Ngokuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nokuguqula insimbi, i-metallurgy isekela intuthuko ebalulekile kwezokwelapha, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kanye nokuphepha kwesiguli. Ngokubhekana nezinselele ezikhona njalo, umnikelo we-metallurgy kumadivayisi ezokwelapha kulindeleke ukuthi uqhubeke nokukhula, ulethe umthelela omuhle kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwezempilo jikelele.
