Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwenqubo yokwakha
Ukwakha kungenye yezindlela zokukhiqiza ezindala kakhulu, ezisetshenziswe izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukwakha insimbi ibe yizimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi yomshini. Le nqubo ihilela ukushisa insimbi (ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa layo lokuqhekeka) bese uyicindezela noma uyishaya ibe yisimo esifunwayo usebenzisa amathuluzi anjengezando noma ama-forge. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuke kakhulu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izimiso eziyisisekelo zokwakha zihlala zifana. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwenqubo yokwakha ngokuningiliziwe.
Izinzuzo zeNqubo Yokwakha
1. Amandla Aphezulu Nokuqina
Ukwakha insimbi kukhiqiza isakhiwo sensimbi esiqinile esiqinisa insimbi, okwenza imelane nokukhathala nokuqhekeka. Le nqubo iqondisa izinhlamvu zensimbi zihambisane nokwakheka kwengxenye eyenziwe ngensimbi, okuholela emandleni aphezulu okusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokusika noma zokugaya.
2. Ubuqotho Besakhiwo Obungcono
Ngokungafani nokukhipha, ukufaka izinto kukhiqiza izingxenye ezingenazo izimbobo. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ubuqotho besakhiwo sengxenye ngoba amaphutha avamile angaphakathi ekukhipheni izinto, njengokuqhekeka okuncane kanye nokuvinjelwa kwegesi, ayasuswa.
3. Ukukhiqizwa Okuphumelelayo Kwenqwaba
I-Forging ifanele ukukhiqiza izingxenye ngobuningi obukhulu. Uma isikhunta noma i-matrix yokukhiqiza isilungisiwe, inqubo ingaba ngokushesha kakhulu, inikeze ukonga izindleko ekukhiqizweni okukhulu.
4. Ukuphindaphinda Okuphezulu
Inqubo yokwakheka ingakhiqiza izingxenye ezinokunemba okuphezulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ekhiqizwayo inobukhulu nesimo esifanayo, okubaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni okudinga ukuhlanganiswa okunembile.
5. Ukuncishiswa Kwemfucuza Yezinto Ezibalulekile
Ekwenzeni imishini, izinto eziningi ziyalahlwa njengezinsalela. Nokho, ekubumbeni, izinto zisetshenziswa kahle kakhulu. Izinto ezincane ziyalahleka ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba, okuholela ekulahlekeni okuncane kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinto.
6. Ikhono Lokuphatha Izinto Eziqinile
Ukwakha kungaphatha izinto eziningi ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinsimbi eziqinile kakhulu nezimelana nokushisa njenge-titanium ne-nickel. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni embonini yezindiza, yezimoto, neyezempi lapho kudingeka khona amandla amakhulu esakhiwo.
Izinkinga Zenqubo Yokwakha
1. Izindleko Zokuqala Eziphezulu
Ukukhiqiza izikhunta namathuluzi okwakha kudinga izindleko ezinkulu zokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini emikhulu yokwakha kanye namathuluzi akhethekile nawo adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Lokhu kwenza ukuklama kube yisisombululo esingabizi kakhulu sokukhiqiza okuncane noma ama-prototype.
2. Imingcele yeJiyomethri kanye Nokuklama
Izingxenye ezibunjiwe zivame ukuba nemikhawulo ekushintsheni komklamo, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezine-geometri eziyinkimbinkimbi. Le nqubo ayiguquguquki kangako kunezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza, njengokukhiqiza ngobumba noma ngokufaka izinto ezengeziwe, okungakhiqiza izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
3. Izinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu Lokusebenza
Ukwakha, ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa okushisayo, kudinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu okusebenza. Ukugcina nokukhiqiza lokhu kushisa kudinga amandla amakhulu kanye nemishini ekhethekile, okungakhuphula izindleko zokusebenza.
4. Izidingo Ezikhethekile Zabasebenzi
Inqubo yokuthunga idinga abasebenzi abanamakhono abanolwazi olukhethekile lwamasu nezinto zokwakha. Lokhu kungase kwandise izindleko zabasebenzi futhi kudinge ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwabasebenzi.
5. Ingozi Yokuguga Kwamathuluzi
Amathuluzi okwakha kanye nama-dies ngokuvamile abhekana namazinga aphezulu okungqubuzana kanye nengcindezi phakathi nenqubo. Lokhu kungasheshisa ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi kanye nama-dies, kudinge ukushintshwa noma ukulungiswa njalo, kwandise izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokumisa okwesikhashana ukukhiqizwa.
6. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Okuqinile
Nakuba ukubumba kungakhiqiza izingxenye eziqinile kakhulu nezihlala isikhathi eside, kunengozi yokuthi amaphutha ekucindezelweni noma ekushiseni angabangela amaphutha. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo idinga ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kanye nemishini yokuhlola eyinkimbinkimbi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ihlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo.
Ukwakha Izicelo Embonini
Naphezu kwezithiyo ezithile, izinzuzo ezinikezwa yinqubo yokukhiqiza ziyenza ithandwe kakhulu ezimbonini eziningi ezahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko:
1. Izimoto
Izingxenye eziningi zenjini yezimoto ezifana nama-crankshaft, amagiya, kanye nezingxenye zokumiswa zenziwa ngenqubo yokubopha ngoba zidinga amandla aphezulu nokuqina.
2. Izindiza
Izingxenye zezindiza ezifana nama-mainframe, amaphiko, nezingxenye zenjini zivame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezibunjiwe ngenxa yekhono lazo lokubekezelela izimo ezimbi kakhulu njengesivinini esikhulu kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo.
3. Imishini Esindayo Nemishini
Izingxenye ezifana nezando, amasongo okuthwala, namapayipi amakhulu zivame ukwenziwa ngokubumba ngoba zidinga ukumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu nokuguguleka.
4. Imboni Yamandla
Izingxenye ezibalulekile embonini yamandla njengemishayo ye-turbine, amagiya amakhulu, nezinye izingxenye zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zivame ukukhiqizwa ngenqubo yokubumba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zingakwazi ukumelana nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima.
Isiphetho
Inqubo yokwakheka inikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile, njengokuqina okuphezulu kwezinto zokwakha kanye nokuqina, ubuqotho besakhiwo obuphezulu, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngobuningi. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inezinkinga eziningana, njengezindleko eziphezulu zokuqala, imikhawulo yokuklama, kanye nesidingo sokulawula ikhwalithi eqinile.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinzuzo zokuqina ezinikezwa yi-forging kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezicelo ezibalulekile zezimboni, naphezu kwemikhawulo ethile kanye nezinselele. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye namasu okwakha, okuningi kwalokhu kwehluleka kuyancishiswa, okuvumela izinzuzo ze-forging ukuthi zithuthukiswe kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
