Indlela Amasu Okumba Emigodini Athinta Ngayo Insimbi
Ukumba kanye ne-metallurgy kuyimikhakha emibili ehlobene enomthelela omkhulu embonini yanamuhla. Ukumba kuyinqubo yokukhipha amaminerali ongqimbeni loMhlaba, kuyilapho i-metallurgy iyisifundo sokucubungula nokucwengisisa izinsimbi ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala ngokumba. Ukuqonda ukuthi amasu okumba ayithonya kanjani i-metallurgy kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle, ukusimama, kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokugcina yensimbi.
I-Pendahuluan
Ukumba kuyisinyathelo sokuqala emjikelezweni wokuphila kwensimbi, futhi amasu asetshenziswayo athinta ngqo uhlobo kanye nekhwalithi yezinto ezikhiqizwa yinqubo yensimbi. Amasu okumba ahlanganisa okungaphezu nje kokukhetha indawo efanele yemayini; ahlanganisa izindlela zokukhipha, ukucubungula kokuqala, kanye nokuthuthwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukunemba kwala masu akuthinti nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kwemayini kodwa futhi nezinqubo ezilandelayo zensimbi.
Amasu Okumba
Ngokuvamile, amasu okumba ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: ukumba ngaphezulu kanye nokumba ngaphansi komhlaba. Lawa masu akhethwa ngokusekelwe endaweni kanye nohlobo lwezindawo ezigciniwe zamaminerali.
1. Ukumbiwa Komhlaba: Le ndlela ihilela ukususa ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi kanye namatshe ngaphezu kwediphozithi yamaminerali. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukumbiwa kwemigodi evulekile kanye nokumbiwa kwemigodi. Izinzuzo zale ndlela ukufinyelela kalula kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, umonakalo wemvelo obangelwa yiyo ubalulekile.
2. Ukumba Ngaphansi Komhlaba: Le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho amatshe amaminerali etholakala ekujuleni komhlaba. Le ndlela ihilela ukwakha imigudu kanye nemigodi ukuze kufinyelelwe amatshe amaminerali. Nakuba kubiza kakhulu futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi, ukumba ngaphansi komhlaba kunomthelela olinganiselwe kakhulu kwezemvelo kunokumba ngaphezulu komhlaba.
Ithonya Lamasu Okumba Emayini Ekwenzeni Insimbi
1. Ikhwalithi Yezinto Zokusetshenziswa Ezingavuthiwe
Omunye wemiphumela emikhulu yamasu okumba ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholwa yinqubo yensimbi. Amasu amahle okumba kumele anciphise ukungcoliswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ngezinto ezingezona ezamaminerali futhi afane nosayizi wetshe eliyigugu nezidingo zenqubo yensimbi. Amasu okukhipha angacacile angabangela izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphansi, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza kwenqubo yensimbi.
2. Usayizi Wensimbi Nokulingana
Ubukhulu betshe elikhiqizwa yinqubo yokumba buthinta izinyathelo zensimbi njengokucubungula ngomshini namakhemikhali. Itshe elikhulu kakhulu lingadinga izigaba ezengeziwe zokunciphisa, okwandisa izindleko nesikhathi sokucubungula. Ngokuphambene nalokho, itshe elincane kakhulu lingabangela izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi kanye nokuntanta.
3. Okuqukethwe Okungcolile
Amasu okumba afanele angahlukanisa ngempumelelo amaminerali abalulekile kokungcola. Ukungcola okungalawulwa ku-ore kuthinta izinqubo zensimbi ezilandelayo, njengokuhlukaniswa kwe-electromagnetic noma ukuncibilika. Okuqukethwe kokungcola okuphezulu kungandisa izindleko zokusebenza futhi kunciphise ikhwalithi yensimbi ekhiqizwayo.
4. Ukuvumelana Kokuphakelwa
Ukumba okungalungile kungaholela ekushintsheni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala ezitshalweni zensimbi. Ukuhlinzeka okungaguquki kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezitshalo, kwandise izindleko zokugcina, futhi kunciphise amazinga okukhiqiza.
5. Imvelo Nokuphepha
Umthelela wezindlela zokumba emvelweni nawo kumele ucatshangelwe. Izindlela ezingazinzile zingakhiqiza imfucuza enobuthi engcolisa amanzi nomhlabathi ozungezile, okuzothinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinqubo zensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezinganaki ukuphepha emsebenzini zingabeka izingozi empilweni yabasebenzi, ekugcineni zithinte umkhiqizo wokusebenza.
Intuthuko Kwezindlela Zokumba kanye Nomthelela Wazo Ekwenzeni Insimbi
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, kuye kwaziswa amasu amaningi amasha okumba, asebenza kahle futhi anobungani nemvelo, okuye kwathinta kahle inqubo yokusetshenziswa kwensimbi.
1. Ukumba Okuzenzakalelayo
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ekumbeni kwandisa ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokukhipha. Amathuluzi anjengezinqola zokuqapha kanye namaloli azimele awasheshisi nje kuphela inqubo yokumba kodwa futhi aqinisekisa ukulingana kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezithuthwayo ziye esitshalweni sensimbi.
2. Ubuchwepheshe Bokuhlukaniswa Okuthuthukisiwe
Ubuchwepheshe obufana nokuhlunga i-ore okusekelwe ezinzwa bungahlukanisa kahle amaminerali ayigugu ku-gangue ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi ezitshalweni zensimbi futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokukhishwa kwensimbi.
3. Ukuphathwa Kwemfucuza Nokubuyiselwa Kwayo
Ukumba kwesimanje manje kugxile kakhulu ekuphathweni kwemfucuza kanye nokubuyiselwa komhlaba ngemva kokumba. Lezi zindlela zinciphisa kakhulu imiphumela yemvelo futhi ziqinisekisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu zezinqubo zensimbi, kunciphisa ingozi yokungcola.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweMining kanye neMetallurgy
Amasu okumba kanye nezinqubo zensimbi kumele zisebenze ngokubambisana ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kanye nemiphumela emihle kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukumbiwa okusebenzayo nokunobungani nemvelo kunganciphisa isidingo sezinqubo zokucwenga insimbi ezinde nezibizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda kahle izinqubo zensimbi kunganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngamasu okumba athuthukisiwe.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezindlela zokumba, okusekelwa yintuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha yesimanje kanye nezinzwa, kunganikeza izibikezelo ezinembile kakhulu zekhwalithi kanye nenani lamadiphozithi amaminerali. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlela okungcono kanye namasu okumba aqondiswe kakhulu, ekugcineni kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zensimbi.
Isiphetho
Amasu okumba anomthelela omkhulu nohlukahlukene ezinqubweni zokumba. Kusukela ekhwalithini yezinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekuphepheni kwemvelo, ukukhetha indlela efanele yokumba kubalulekile ekusindeni nasekuphumeleleni kwemboni. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, ikusasa lezinqubo zokumba kanye nezokumba lingaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, okwenza kube nemikhuba esebenza kahle, enobungani nemvelo, futhi eqhubekayo. Ukusebenza kahle kanye nempumelelo ekumba izinsimbi kuqala njalo ngamasu afanele okumba, ngakho ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kule ndawo kuzoqhubeka nokuba yindawo ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezinsimbi.
Ngokuqonda kangcono lobu budlelwano, singenza izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa nezinamasu, sandise inzuzo futhi sinciphise umthelela emvelweni, futhi sithuthukise inhlalakahle yabasebenzi embonini.
