Izinketho Zomshini Wokupompa Wokunisela
Ukunisela okuthembekile kuyisihluthulelo sokulima okuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemvula engalingani noma izinkathi ezinde zesomiso. Ngaphandle komthombo wamanzi, ukukhetha iphampu efanele kubalulekile ekuniseleni okuphumelelayo. Iphampu efanele izoletha ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele, ukucindezela okwanele, kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphumelelayo, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukulungiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhetha iphampu engalungile kungandisa izindleko zokusebenza, kuvimbele amanzi ukuthi afike emaphethelweni amasimu, noma kubangele ukwehluleka kwephampu ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezinketho zephampu yokunisela, izinhlobo zazo, nokuthi ungazivumelanisa kanjani nezidingo zomhlaba wakho kanye nomthombo wamanzi.
Qonda izidingo zokunisela kuqala
Ngaphambi kokuthenga iphampu, abalimi noma abaphathi bezindawo kudingeka baqonde izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuphuma kwamanzi (umthamo wokugeleza), ikhanda (ukuphakama/ukucindezela kokucindezela), kanye nebanga lokusabalalisa.
– Izinga lokugeleza (Q) livame ukuvezwa ngamalitha ngomzuzwana (L/sec) noma ngama-cubic metres ngehora (m³/hr). Uma indawo enkulu yomhlaba kanye namabhulokhi amaningi okunisela eniselwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, izinga lokugeleza liyanda.
– Inhloko (H) ingcindezi iyonke okumele iphampu iyinqobe, equkethe umehluko wokuphakama (isibonelo ukusuka emfuleni kuya ezweni) kanye nokulahlekelwa yingcindezi ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwamapayipi, ukugoba, amalunga kanye nama-nozzle (uma kuyisifafazi).
– Umthombo wamanzi (umfula, umsele, umthombo ongajulile, umthombo ojulile, ichibi, noma ichibi) unquma uhlobo lwephampu olufanele, ikakhulukazi maqondana nomthamo wokudonsa kanye nokujula kwamanzi.
Ngalezi zingcezu ezintathu zolwazi, ukukhetha iphampu kuba okunembe kakhudlwana futhi kugwema "ukukhetha okukhulu" okuwukuchitha imali empeleni.
Izinhlobo zamaphampu okunisela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo
1) Iphampu ye-Centrifugal
Amaphampu e-centrifugal ayisinqumo esivame kakhulu sokunisela ngaphezulu, ukugcwalisa amachibi, noma ukudlulisa amanzi esuka emiseleni aye emasimini. Asebenza kusetshenziswa i-impeller ejikeleza amanzi, edala ukugeleza nokucindezela.
Izinzuzo:
– Intengo ishibhile futhi kulula ukuyithola.
– Ukulungiswa okulula, izingxenye eziningi ezisele.
– Kufanelekela ukuphuma okukhulu ekhanda eliphansi kuya kweliphakathi.
Ukushoda:
– Umthamo wokudonsa olinganiselwe (ngokuvamile usebenza cishe amamitha angu-6–8, kuye ngezimo).
– Akusebenzi kahle kakhulu ezinhlokweni eziphakeme kakhulu.
Lolu hlobo lwephampu lufanelekela amasimu elayisi noma izingadi ezidinga ukugeleza okukhulu kodwa hhayi ukuphakama okuphezulu kakhulu.
2) Iphampu ecwiliswa emanzini (iphampu ecwiliswa emanzini)
Amaphampu acwiliswayo asebenza ngokucwiliswa emanzini, avame ukusetshenziselwa imithombo ebholiwe noma imithombo ejulile. Ngenxa yokuthi acwiliswa, awadingi inqubo yokuprima njengamaphampu angaphezulu.
Izinzuzo:
– Ilungele imithombo ejulile; ikwazi ukusunduza amanzi ekujuleni.
– Izinzile kakhulu ngoba ayibi nezinkinga zokulahlekelwa ukumunca.
– Ngokuvamile kuthule kakhulu.
Ukushoda:
– Izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu.
– Ukufakwa nokulungiswa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kudinga ukuphathwa kwezintambo namapayipi aqondile.
– Kudinga ugesi noma ijeneretha eyanele.
Amaphampu acwiliswayo ayisinqumo esiyinhloko uma umthombo wamanzi uvela emthonjeni ojulile ongavumeli ukusetshenziswa kwephampu evamile yokumunca amanzi.
3) Iphampu yejethi
Amaphampu ejethi avame ukusetshenziselwa imithombo engajulile kuya kwephakathi. Kukhona izinhlobo zejethi yemithombo engajulile kanye nezinhlobo zejethi yemithombo ejulile (kusetshenziswa ama-ejector).
Izinzuzo:
– Kufanelekela izimo zemithombo ezingajulile kakhulu.
– Kulula kakhulu ukuyifaka ezinhlelweni zasekhaya ezincane kuya ekuniseleni ngezinga elincane.
Ukushoda:
– Ukusebenza kahle kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kunokucwiliswa emanzini.
– Kudinga ukugaywa futhi kulula ukulahlekelwa yi-prime uma kukhona ukuvuza.
Amaphampu ejethi afanelekela izingadi ezincane ezidinga ukutholakala kwamanzi njalo emthonjeni ongajulile.
4) Amaphampu okugeleza ahambisanayo nahlanganisiwe (iphampu ye-propeller)
Amaphampu okugeleza kwe-Axial afana nama-propeller, futhi alungele kakhulu ukuphuma okukhulu kakhulu okunamakhanda aphansi (isibonelo, amanzi agelezayo esuka emfuleni aye emiseleni yokunisela).
Izinzuzo:
– Ukukhipha amanzi amaningi, okufanelekela ukunisela izindawo ezinkulu.
– Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngevolumu yamanzi kungasebenza kahle ezimweni eziphansi.
Ukushoda:
– Akufaneleki ukuhamba ngepayipi elinomfutho ophezulu noma ibanga elide.
- Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ekufakweni okuhlala njalo.
Le pompu ivame ukusetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi okunisela eqenjini labalimi noma esikalini sesifunda.
5) Iphampu yokuqinisa ye-sprinkler kanye ne-drip
Uma uhlelo lokunisela lusebenzisa ama-sprinkler noma ama-dripper, imfuneko eyinhloko akuyona nje izinga lokugeleza elizinzile kodwa futhi nokucindezela okuzinzile. Kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswa iphampu ekhethekile yokucindezela noma iphampu ye-centrifugal njenge-booster.
Izinzuzo:
– Gcina ingcindezi ingaguquki ukuze ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi kulingane.
– Isebenza kahle ekuniseleni okonga amanzi njengokunisela nge-drip.
Ukushoda:
– Kudinga ukubalwa kwengcindezi okunembe kakhudlwana.
– Uhlelo lokuhlunga luvame ukuba yimpoqo (ikakhulukazi uma kudonswa amaconsi) ukuvimbela ukuthi i-emitter ingavaleki.
Izinketho ze-Powertrain: uphethiloli, udizili noma ugesi?
Injini kaphethiloli
Ifaneleka ngezinga elincane eliphakathi nendawo, ukuhambahamba okuphezulu, futhi ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngosuku.
– Izinzuzo: ukukhanya, kulula ukukhanyisa, ukulungiswa okulula.
– Okubi: ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kungaba phezulu kunodizili uma uthwala imithwalo esindayo; impilo yokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zomsebenzi osindayo njalo ingaba mfushane.
Injini yedizili
Ukukhetha okuthandwayo kokunisela ensimini ngenxa ye-torque yayo enamandla kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli ukuze kusebenze isikhathi eside.
– Izinzuzo: iqinile emsebenzini onzima, iyonga ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ihlala isikhathi eside.
– Okubi: izindleko ezisindayo, ezinomsindo, zokuqala kanye nezinsizakalo zivame ukuba phezulu.
Uhlu lwezimoto
Ilungele izindawo ezinokufinyelela kukagesi okuzinzile. Ivame ukusetshenziswa kumaphampu acwiliswa emanzini kanye nokufakwa okuhlala njalo.
– Izinzuzo: ukusebenza okushibhile, ukulungiswa okuncane, umsindo ophansi.
– Okubi: Kuncike ekutholakaleni kukagesi; uma usebenzisa ijeneretha, izindleko zingase zikhuphuke.
Ukunquma usayizi wephampu: ungabheki nje “ama-intshi”
Ensimini, amaphampu avame ukukhethwa ngokusekelwe kusayizi wephayiphi (isb., amasentimitha amabili, amasentimitha amathathu, amasentimitha amane). Kodwa-ke, usayizi wesentimitha ubonisa kuphela ububanzi bembobo, hhayi izinga lokugeleza noma ikhanda. Amaphampu amabili angamasentimitha amathathu angaba nokusebenza okuhluke kakhulu.
Okubalulekile okufanele ukunake yijika lephampu: ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso sokugeleza kanye nekhanda. Ngokunisela, khetha iphampu esebenza eduze nendawo yayo yokusebenza kahle kakhulu (i-BEP) ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza kanye nokushisa ngokweqile.
Njengombono jikelele:
– Indawo eyisicaba enomzila oseduze ivame ukwanele uma unekhanda eliphansi.
– Indawo enamasimu, amapayipi amade, noma ama-sprinkler adinga amakhanda aphezulu.
– Uma ipayipi lide futhi ububanzi balo buncane, kulapho ukucindezeleka kulahlekelwa khona kakhulu.
Izici zasensimini ezivame ukukhohlwa
1. Ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nenhlabathi. Amanzi omfula anodaka angasheshisa ukuguguleka kwe-impeller kanye nokuvala. Sebenzisa isihluzo bese ucabangela iphampu "emelana nokungcola" kakhudlwana.
2. Ukupholisha nokuvuza. Amaphampu aphezulu adinga ukupholisha; ukuvuza okuncane ekuxhumeni kokumunca kungavimbela iphampu ekupompeni amanzi.
3. Ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele. Izinhlobo ezitholakala endaweni ziphephile ngoba izingxenye ezisele zitholakala kalula.
4. Ukuphepha nokwebiwa. Amaphampu aphathekayo adinga uhlelo lokuphepha ngoba avame ukuthuthwa futhi angase alahlekelwe.
5. Izindleko eziphelele (i-TCO). Ungacabangi nje ngentengo yokuthenga. Cabanga ngophethiloli/ugesi, uwoyela, isevisi, kanye nesikhathi sokuphila.
Izincomo zokukhetha ngokusekelwe ezimweni
– Umfula/umsele oseduze, indawo eyisicaba, udinga ukukhishwa okukhulu: ipompo ye-centrifugal ephathekayo noma ukugeleza kwe-axial (kobukhulu obukhulu).
– Imithombo ejulile: iphampu ecwiliswayo enenjini kagesi noma ijeneretha eyanele.
– Imithombo engajulile yezingadi ezincane: i-jet pump noma i-centrifugal encane, kuye ngesivinini sokugeleza.
– Ukunisela ngokufafaza/ngokuconsa: ipompo yokucindezela/yokuphakamisa enezibalo ezinhle zekhanda kanye nokuhlunga.
– Ukusebenza isikhathi eside nsuku zonke ngaphandle kukagesi: izinjini zikadizili ziyonga kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Penutup
Ukukhetha ipompo yokunisela akukhona nje ukufuna inketho "enkulu" noma "eshibhile"; kumayelana nokuqondanisa ipompo nezidingo zesilinganiso sokugeleza, ikhanda, umthombo wamanzi, kanye nesistimu yokusabalalisa. Amapompo e-Centrifugal afanelekela ukudluliselwa kwamanzi okuvamile, amapompo acwiliswayo angcono kakhulu emithonjeni ejulile, kuyilapho izinhlelo zokufafaza kanye nezokuconsa zidinga amapompo okucindezela azinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, khetha injini (uphethiloli, udizili, noma ugesi) ngokusekelwe ezimweni zasensimini kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Ngokubala okufanele, ipompo izosebenza kahle kakhulu, isabalalise amanzi ngokulinganayo, futhi iqinisekise isivuno esingcono sezolimo.
Uma ufuna, ngingakusiza ukuthi udale inguqulo yobuchwepheshe ngesibonelo sokubala esilula sekhanda lokukhipha amanzi ngokusekelwe endaweni yomhlaba, uhlobo lwesitshalo, kanye nobude bepayipi elisetshenzisiwe.
