# Umehluko phakathi kwe-Otto Engines kanye ne-Diesel Engines
Izinjini zokushisa zangaphakathi ziphakathi kwezimoto eziningi esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke, okuhlanganisa izimoto, amaloli, izikebhe, kanye nemishini eminingi esindayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezinjini zokushisa zangaphakathi, kodwa ezimbili ezithandwa kakhulu yinjini ye-Otto kanye nenjini yedizili. Nakuba zombili zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile, zithembele esimisweni esiyisisekelo sokushisa uphethiloli kusilinda ukuze zikhiqize amandla. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngomehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwezinjini ze-Otto kanye nedizili, sihlanganisa izici zokuklama, ukusebenza, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.
## Umlando Omfushane Wezinjini Zika-Otto Nezikadizili
Injini ye-Otto yasungulwa okokuqala nguNikolaus Otto ngo-1876. Le njini iyinjini yokushisa yangaphakathi enezigigaba ezine esebenza ngophethiloli. Le njini yaqanjwa ngokuthi "i-Otto" ngemuva komsunguli wayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, injini yeDizili yasungulwa nguRudolf Diesel ngo-1892. Le njini isebenzisa uphethiloli wedizili futhi yaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo kahle kakhulu ekushiseni. Igama elithi Diesel lasetshenziswa ukuhlonipha umsunguli wayo.
## Isimiso somsebenzi
### Injini ye-Otto
Injini ye-Otto isebenza ngomjikelezo we-Otto, oqukethe imivimbo emine: ukungena, ukucindezela, amandla, kanye nokukhipha umoya.
1. Ukungenisa: Kulokhu kushaya, ivalvu yokungenisa iyavuleka bese i-piston iyehla, imunce umoya kanye nengxube kaphethiloli ku-cylinder.
2. Ukucindezela: Amavalvu okungenisa kanye nawokukhipha umoya ayavalwa, bese i-piston iqhubekela phezulu, icindezela ingxube yomoya-kaphethiloli.
3. Amandla: Lapho i-piston ifika esikhungweni esifile phezulu (i-TDC), i-spark plug ivuthela ingxube ye-air-fuel, okubangela ukuqhuma okusunduza i-piston phansi futhi kukhiqize amandla.
4. Ukukhipha Umoya: I-piston iyakhuphuka futhi, isunduza igesi yokukhipha umoya esilinda nge-valve yokukhipha umoya.
### Injini Kadizili
Izinjini zikadizili zisebenza ngomjikelezo weDizili futhi ziqukethe imivimbo emine efana nenjini ye-Otto, kodwa umehluko omkhulu yindlela uphethiloli oxutshwa futhi oshiswa ngayo:
1. Ukungenisa: Ivalvu yokungenisa iyavuleka bese i-piston iyehla, imunce umoya ohlanzekile ungene kwisilinda.
2. Ukucindezela: Amavalvu okungenisa kanye nawokukhipha umoya ayavalwa, bese i-piston icindezela umoya ufike ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, okukhiqiza amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu.
3. Amandla: Uphethiloli wedizili ufakwa ngqo emoyeni ocindezelwe ku-cylinder. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu komoya, uphethiloli uyavutha ngokushesha, kudale ukuqhuma okusunduza i-piston phansi bese kukhiqiza amandla.
4. Ukukhipha Umoya: I-piston iya phezulu, isunduza igesi yokukhipha umoya esilinda nge-valve yokukhipha umoya.
## Ukusebenza Kahle Kokushisa kanye Nezomnotho
### Ukusebenza Kahle Kokushisa
Izinjini zikadizili ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinjini ze-Otto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinjini zikadizili zisebenza ngezilinganiso zokucindezela eziphakeme, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa. Ukusebenza kahle kokushisa okuphezulu kusho ukuthi kulahleka amandla amancane njengoba kushisa futhi amandla amaningi aguqulwa abe amandla omshini.
### Ukusebenza Kahle Kaphethiloli
Ukusetshenziswa kahle kukaphethiloli kungenye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zezinjini zikadizili. Uphethiloli kadizili unamandla amaningi kunophethiloli, okusho ukuthi ungakhiqiza amandla amaningi ngelitha ngalinye likaphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kakhulu kokushisa, izinjini zikadizili zisebenzisa uphethiloli omncane kunezinjini ze-Otto.
Kodwa-ke, uphethiloli wedizili uvame ukubiza kakhulu kunophethiloli kwezinye izindawo, futhi izinjini zedizili zivame ukudinga ukulungiswa okunamandla nokubizayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinjini ze-Otto zivame ukuba lula ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kwazo, naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwazo okuphezulu kukaphethiloli.
## Ukukhishwa Kwegesi kanye Nemvelo
### Injini ye-Otto
Izinjini ze-Otto zivame ukukhiqiza ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwama-nitrogen oxides (NOx) nama-hydrocarbon ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kokushisa kanye nenhlanganisela ephezulu kaphethiloli nophethiloli. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula i-catalytic bunganciphisa lokhu kukhishwa, izinjini ze-Otto zisanikela kakhulu ekungcoleni komoya kunezinjini zedizili.
### Injini Kadizili
Izinjini zikadizili zikhiqiza izinto eziningi ezisanhlamvu, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-soot, kanye nokukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-NOx. Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, izinjini eziningi zikadizili zanamuhla zihlonyiswe ngezihlungi zezinhlamvu kanye nezinhlelo zokunciphisa i-catalytic (SCR) ezisebenzisa i-urea ukunciphisa i-NOx. Nakuba ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 okuvela ezinjini zikadizili kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kunalokho okuvela ezinjinini ze-Otto, ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-NOx kanye nezinhlayiya zothuli kuletha izinselele zemvelo.
## Ukusebenza
### Injini ye-Otto
Izinjini ze-Otto ngokuvamile zikhiqiza isivinini senjini esiphezulu (RPM) kunezinjini zedizili. Lokhu kuzenza zifaneleke kakhulu ezimotweni ezidinga ukusheshisa okusheshayo nokusebenza okuphezulu, njengezimoto zemidlalo nezinye izimoto ezilula.
### Injini Kadizili
Izinjini zikadizili zivame ukukhiqiza i-torque enkulu ngejubane eliphansi. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele izimoto ezisindayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezentengiselwano ezidinga amandla aphezulu okudonsa, njengamaloli, amabhasi, kanye nemishini esindayo.
## Ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza
### Injini ye-Otto
Ngenxa yezimpawu zazo zokusebenza, izinjini ze-Otto zivame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezilula nasemishinini emincane. Izimoto zabagibeli, izithuthuthu, kanye neminye imishini emincane zivame ukusebenzisa izinjini ze-Otto. Izinzuzo zenjini ye-Otto ekusheshiseni nasekusheshiseni ziyizici ezibalulekile ekukhetheni lolu hlobo lwenjini yezimoto ezilula.
### Injini Kadizili
Izinjini zikadizili, ngenxa yokusebenzisa kahle uphethiloli kanye ne-torque ephezulu, zivame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezisindayo kanye nasemishinini yezimboni. Amaloli amaningi, amabhasi, imishini esindayo, kanye nemikhumbi zisebenzisa izinjini zikadizili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini zikadizili zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezitshalweni zikagesi kanye nasemishinini yezimboni ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kahle isikhathi eside.
## Isiphetho
Izinjini ze-Otto kanye nezinjini zedizili ziyizinsika ezimbili zomhlaba wezinjini zokushisa zangaphakathi, ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Izinjini ze-Otto, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nesivinini esiphezulu sokujikeleza, zifanelekela izimoto ezilula nezisebenza kahle zezemidlalo, kuyilapho izinjini zedizili, ezisebenzisa kahle uphethiloli kanye ne-torque ephezulu, zilungele izimoto ezisindayo kanye nezicelo zezimboni.
Naphezu kwezinselele zemvelo zombili ezibhekene nazo, ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ukuze zenze zombili izinhlobo zezinjini zibe nobungane nemvelo. Ukukhetha phakathi kwenjini ye-Otto nenjini yeDizili kuvame ukuncika ezidingweni ezithile zomsebenzisi maqondana nokusebenza kahle, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ngokuqonda lo mehluko kangcono, singenza isinqumo esinolwazi oluthe xaxa lapho sikhetha injini efanelana kahle nezidingo zethu.
