Indlela imishini yokufutha omiyane esebenza ngayo
Ukufutha omiyane kungenye yezindlela zokulawula i-vector ezisetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kunokwanda kwezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane we-dengue (DHF), i-chikungunya, noma i-Zika. Ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala, imisebenzi yokufutha ifana namafu amakhulu entuthu esakazeka emigwaqweni, emiseleni, nasemagcekeni. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva "kwentuthu" kunenqubo ethokozisayo yemishini neyamakhemikhali: umshini wokufutha uklanyelwe ukuguqula ikhambi lokubulala izinambuzane libe yinkungu yamaconsi amancane kakhulu angantanta futhi afinyelele ezindaweni zokucasha zomiyane abadala.
Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendlela imishini yokufutha omiyane esebenza ngayo, izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko, izimiso zokwakheka kwenkungu, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nezici ezinquma ukusebenza kahle kwenkungu ensimini.
Uyini umshini wokufutha?
Umshini wokufukula uyithuluzi elikhiqiza inkungu yokubulala izinambuzane ngesimo se-micro-aerosol. Inhloso yalo eyinhloko ukubulala omiyane abadala (ukubulala abantu abadala), hhayi izibungu. Ngakho-ke, ukufukula kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengesinyathelo esisheshayo sokuphula uchungechunge lokudlulisela lapho inani lomiyane abadala liphezulu, isibonelo, lapho kutholakala amacala omkhuhlane we-dengue endaweni.
Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezidumile zobuchwepheshe bokufoka:
1. I-thermal fogger (i-hot/thick smoking): ikhiqiza inkungu isebenzisa ukushisa okuphezulu okuvela kuphethiloli ovuthayo.
2. I-ULV cold fogger (i-Ultra Low Volume, inkungu ebandayo): ikhiqiza inkungu ngaphandle kokusha, ngokuvamile isebenzisa injini kagesi noma injini encane enesistimu ye-atomization/air blowing.
Ensimini, okuvame ukubonakala ezindaweni zokuhlala yi-thermal fogger, ngoba ikhiqiza umusi omkhulu osakazeka ngokushesha.
Isimiso esiyisisekelo: ukuguqula uketshezi lube yinkungu
Ukuze isibulala-zinambuzane siphumelele ekubulaleni omiyane abadala, uketshezi ludinga ukuncishiswa lube amaconsi amancane kakhulu. Usayizi wamaconsi unquma ukuthi i-aerosol ingahlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele yini ukungena ezihlahleni, ngaphansi kwezihlahla, noma ezindaweni ezimnyama—lapho omiyane bephumula khona.
– Uma amaconsi amakhulu kakhulu, uketshezi luwela phansi ngokushesha bese luba “manzi” kuphela ngaphandle kokuthintana kakhulu nomiyane.
– Uma amaconsi emancane kakhulu, inkungu ingathwalwa kalula ngumoya futhi isakazeke ngokungalawuleki, noma ukugcwala endaweni okuqondiwe kuyo kuncipha.
Ama-thermal fogger ngokuvamile akhiqiza amaconsi amancane avela njengomusi omhlophe oqinile (hhayi umusi omsulwa empeleni, kodwa i-aerosol yesibulala-zinambuzane + isinyibilikisi esijiyayo).
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zomshini wokushisa oshisayo
Nakuba izinhlobo namamodeli ehlukene, ama-thermal fogger anezingxenye ezibalulekile ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo:
1. Ithangi likaphethiloli
Ngokuvamile iqukethe uphethiloli noma udizili (kuye ngokuthi injini injani). Lo phethiloli uyashiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe ukushisa nokucindezela okudingekayo.
2. Igumbi lokusha
Lapho uphethiloli usha khona. Ukushisa kukhiqiza amagesi ashisayo, acindezelwe ageleza ngamapayipi/emgqonyeni wenjini.
3. Isistimu yekhoyili/yokukhanyisa kanye neyokuqala
Ukushisa i-ignition. Amanye amamodeli asebenzisa i-ignition manual (i-pump/hand starter) noma uhlelo lukagesi.
4. Ithangi lesisombululo sezibulala-zinambuzane
Iqukethe ingxube yesibulala-zinambuzane kanye nesinyibilikisi (ngokuvamile uwoyela/isinyibilikisi esithile). Kusukela kuleli thangi, uketshezi lugeleza luye embotsheni.
5. Ivalvu/i-tap yokulawula ukugeleza
Ilawula ukuthi ingakanani ikhambi elikhishwa ngomzuzu. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kubalulekile ukuze kube nomthamo ofanele kanye nokuminyana kwenkungu.
6. I-Nozzle (isihloko sokufafaza)
Yilapho ikhambi lifakwa khona emsinga wegesi oshisayo. I-nozzle inquma iphethini yokufafaza kanye nomthamo.
7. Ipayipi/umgqomo (ipayipi le-resonator)
Lesi sigaba sihambisa igesi eshisayo, enomfutho futhi sisiza ukudala umphumela "we-pulse jet" kweminye imishini, siphoqelele inkungu ukuthi iphume ngamandla.
Indlela i-thermal fogger esebenza ngayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Nansi indlela elula yokusebenza elandela izimiso zobuchwepheshe:
1. Injini iyaqalwa bese kuqala ukusha.
Umqhubi uqalisa injini, okwenza uphethiloli uvuthe ekamelweni lokushisa. Lokhu kuvutha kukhiqiza amagesi ashisayo, anomfutho ophezulu.
2. Igesi eshisayo igeleza ngepayipi
Amagesi ashisayo ahamba ngokushesha emgqonyeni wenjini. Kweminye imiklamo, kuvela ama-pulse okucindezela (ama-pulse), akhiqiza umsindo ohlukile wenjini: umsindo onesigqi.
3. Isixazululo sezinambuzane sithululelwa embotsheni
Umqhubi uvula ivalvu yesisombululo. Isixazululo esivela ethangini lokubulala izinambuzane sigeleza ngepayipi siye embotsheni.
4. Isixazululo sihlangana negesi eshisayo bese siguqulwa sibe yi-atom.
Esiqongweni se-nozzle, isixazululo "sifakwa" emgudwini wegesi oshisayo. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, i-solvent esesixazululweni iyashesha ukuhwamuka, iphule uketshezi lube amaconsi amancane.
5. Izinhlobo zenkungu
Njengoba ingxube iphuma epayipini futhi ihlangana nomoya opholile wangaphandle, umusi we-solvent uhlangana ube yi-aerosol encane. Lokhu yilokho okubonakala njengenkungu emhlophe ejiyile.
6. Inkungu iyasabalala futhi ihlangane nomiyane abadala
Inkungu iyakhukhuleka futhi ingene ezindaweni ezinomthunzi/ezimanzi. Omiyane abadala abachayeke emaconsini ezinambuzane bazowa futhi bafe, kuye ngokuthi isithako esisebenzayo kanye nomthamo.
Indima yezincibilikisi nokuthi kungani intuthu ibonakala ikhuluphele
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uma intuthu ikhuluphele, kulapho intuthu isebenza kahle khona. Kodwa-ke, ukujiya kwenkungu kuvame ukuthonywa uhlobo lwesinyibilikisi kanye nezimo zemvelo, hhayi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kwesibulala-zinambuzane.
– Izinyibilikisi ezisekelwe ku-oyili (noma ezinye izinyibilikisi) zivame ukukhiqiza ulwelwesi “olubonakala kakhulu”.
– Izinga lokushisa lomoya, umswakama, nomoya nakho kuthinta ukuthi inkungu ibonakala iminyene noma iphela ngokushesha.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kusebenze kahle usayizi wamaconsi, ukuhlushwa kwesithako esisebenzayo, ivolumu yokusetshenziswa, kanye nendawo yokumboza, hhayi nje ukubukeka okubonakalayo kwentuthu.
Indlela i-ULV (inkungu ebandayo) esebenza ngayo kafushane
Ngaphandle kwemishini yokushisa, kukhona nemishini ye-ULV, evame ukusetshenziselwa izikhala ezivalekile noma izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondiwe kakhulu. I-ULV isebenza ngaphandle kokusha, ngokuvamile ngokwenza okulandelayo:
– Injini ikhiqiza umoya onamandla noma isebenzisa uhlelo lwe-atomizer olujikelezayo.
– Isixazululo sezinambuzane sihlukaniswa sibe amaconsi amancane ngamandla omshini (hhayi ukushisa).
– Umthamo okhishwayo mncane kakhulu (umthamo ophansi kakhulu) kodwa usayizi wamaconsi wenzelwe ukuntanta.
Izinzuzo ze-ULV: ifaneleka kakhulu ekulawuleni umthamo futhi ayikhiqizi intuthu yokushisa. Kodwa-ke, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kuncike kakhulu ekugelezeni komoya kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa.
Izici ezinquma impumelelo yokufiphaza
Umshini omuhle awusho ukuthi kuzokwenzeka inkungu ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ezinye izinto ezibalulekile emkhakheni yilezi:
1. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa
Umiyane i-Aedes (imbangela yomkhuhlane we-dengue) usebenza kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukufiphala kuvame ukusebenza kahle ngalezi zikhathi, uma kucatshangelwa umoya kanye nokushisa.
2. Isivinini somoya
Imimoya enamandla ibangela ukuthi inkungu ihlakazeke ngokushesha futhi iyivimbele ukuthi ihlale endaweni eqondiwe. Imimoya ephansi kuya kwephakathi ifaneleka kakhulu.
3. Indlela yokufafaza kanye nokumbozwa kwayo
Abasebenzi kudingeka bahlose izindawo zokuphumula komiyane: izihlahla, izimila ezingaphansi, izindawo ezimnyama, kanye nezindlu ezizungezile. Indlela yokufutha, ibanga, kanye nesivinini sokuhamba kuthinta umthamo wokuvezwa.
4. Isilinganiso kanye nokwakheka kwesibulala-zinambuzane
Ukuxutshwa okungalungile kungabangela ukungcoliswa okuncane kakhulu noma ingozi enkulu emvelweni. Ukwakheka (i-EC, i-ULV, okusekelwe ku-oyela) kumele kufaneleke emshinini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo okuhlosiwe.
5. Ukumelana nomiyane
Kwezinye izindawo, omiyane bangaba nokumelana nezithako ezithile ezisebenzayo. Uma ukumelana kukhula, ukusebenza kahle kokugqwala kuncipha, noma ngabe inkungu ibonakala ibanzi.
6. Ukufiphaza akusona isisombululo sesikhathi eside
Ngenxa yokuthi ihlasela omiyane abadala, ukufiphaza akuwususi umthombo wezibungu zomiyane. Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuqeda izidleke zomiyane (PSN), njengokukhipha amanzi, ukumboza, kanye nokuvuselela/ukungcwaba izinto ezisetshenzisiwe, inani lazo lingaphinde libuyele esimeni salo.
Isiphetho
Imishini yokufukula omiyane empeleni iguqula ikhambi lokubulala izinambuzane libe yinkungu encane ye-aerosol engantanta, isakaze, futhi ihlasele omiyane abadala ezindaweni zokucasha. Ama-fogger ashisayo akhiqiza inkungu ngokufaka ikhambi emfudlaneni wegesi oshisayo, oqina njengoba uphuma emoyeni. Ukusebenza kahle kokufukula kunqunywa yinhlanganisela yezici: usayizi wamaconsi, umthamo, indlela yokusebenza, izimo zomoya, isikhathi, kanye nokumelana komiyane. Ngakho-ke, ukufukula kufanele kubhekwe njengempendulo esheshayo, kuyilapho ukuvimbela okuyinhloko kuhlala kugxile ekulawuleni imithombo yokuzalela omiyane.
Uma uthanda, ngingangeza ingxenye ethi “indlela yokugcina umshini wokukhuculula” noma “iziqondiso zokuphepha kanye ne-PPE zokukhuculula” ukuze ngenze lesi sihloko sibe sibanzi futhi sisebenze kakhudlwana.
