Ukusetshenziswa kweCobalt Metal Embonini Yamathuluzi Okusika
I-Cobalt iyinsimbi ehlakaniphile edlala indima ebalulekile embonini yanamuhla, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokukhiqiza, edinga ukushintshwa okunembile. Embonini yamathuluzi okusika, i-cobalt yaziwa njengento yokuhlanganisa engathuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa, ubulukhuni, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ngakho-ke, i-cobalt ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamathuluzi okusika—kusukela kuma-drill bits kanye nama-end mill kuya kuma-lathe chisel kanye nama-cutting inserts—asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu njengokungqubuzana okuphezulu kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Yazi izici ze-cobalt
Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, i-cobalt inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomshini nezokushisa njengengxenye ye-alloy. I-Cobalt inezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika (cishe i-1.495°C), ukuqina okuhle kokushisa, kanye nekhono lokugcina ubulukhuni emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ezinqubweni zokusika insimbi, ukushisa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwethuluzi kanye nomsebenzi kungaba phezulu kakhulu. Uma izinto zokusika ithuluzi zingakwazi ukugcina ubulukhuni bazo, unqenqema lokusika luzonyamalala ngokushesha, kuzovela ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki, noma kuqhekeke. I-Cobalt isiza ukuvimbela lezi zimo.
I-Cobalt idlala indima ekwakheni isakhiwo esincane esizinzile kuma-alloy athile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amathuluzi okusika aqina kakhulu uma ebhekene nemithwalo yokushaqeka, isivinini esikhulu sokujikeleza, noma ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile (isibonelo, ezinqubweni zokugaya ezisika izindawo ngokumiswa okuvamile).
Indima ye-cobalt ku-HSS (Insimbi Esheshayo)
Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-cobalt embonini yamathuluzi okusika kusensimbini enesivinini esikhulu (i-HSS). I-HSS isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenziweni kwama-drill bits, ama-tap, ama-reamers, kanye nama-milling cutters. I-Cobalt ingezwa ku-HSS ukwandisa ubulukhuni bayo obubomvu, ikhono lensimbi lokuhlala iqinile ngisho nalapho izinga lokushisa lokusika likhuphuka.
Isibonelo esivamile yi-cobalt HSS, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-HSS-E” noma “i-cobalt HSS,” izinga eliqukethe i-cobalt engu-5% kuya ku-8%. Lokhu okuqukethwe yi-cobalt kuvumela amathuluzi okusika e-HSS ukuthi asebenze ngesivinini esikhulu sokusika kune-HSS evamile, ikakhulukazi lapho kusikwa izinto ezilukhuni ukusetshenzwa ngomshini njengensimbi engagqwali, insimbi ye-alloy, noma izinto eziqinile.
Izinzuzo ze-cobalt HSS zifaka:
1. Ukumelana nokushisa okungcono, ngakho-ke unqenqema olusezingeni eliphezulu lumelana kakhulu nokungakhanyi kahle.
2. Impilo ende yamathuluzi ezisetshenziswayo ezinzima.
3. Ukusebenza okuzinzile ekusikeni okukhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu.
4. Ukumelana kakhulu nokuthamba, okuvame ukuba ubuthakathaka be-HSS ejwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwanda kobulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokushisa nakho kungenza izinto zibe buthaka kancane uma ukwakheka kwamathuluzi kanye nemingcele yokusika kungafaneleki. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha i-geometry yamathuluzi efanele kanye nesu lokusika kusabalulekile.
I-Cobalt ku-carbide eqinisiwe (i-carbide eyisinki)
Ngale kwe-HSS, i-cobalt idlala indima ebalulekile ekusikeni izinto zamathuluzi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-cemented carbide noma i-sintered carbide—ngokuvamile ngokusekelwe ku-tungsten carbide (WC). Ku-sintered carbide, i-cobalt ayisebenzi njenge-ejenti yokuqinisa eyinhloko, kodwa kunalokho njenge-binder ebamba izinhlayiya ze-carbide ndawonye zibe isakhiwo esiqinile nesiqinile.
Izinhlayiya ze-WC ziqinile kakhulu futhi azigugi, kodwa ngaphandle kwesibambi esifanele, izinto ziba buthakathaka kakhulu. I-Cobalt inikeza inhlanganisela yezakhiwo:
– Ukuqina kuyanda, okwenza ithuluzi likwazi ukumelana nokuqhekeka.
– Amandla e-bond angcono phakathi kwe-granular, athinta amandla e-chisel.
– Ukumelana nemithwalo yokushaqeka, ikakhulukazi ekusikeni ngezikhathi ezithile.
Embonini yamathuluzi okusika, izinto zokufaka i-carbide zokujika nokugaya zivame ukuklanywa ngokwakheka kwe-cobalt binder ethile. Okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt kuthonya izici eziyinhloko zaleli thuluzi:
– I-cobalt ephezulu → iqinile, ifanelekela ukugoba noma izinto ezibangela imithwalo yokushaqeka.
– I-cobalt ephansi → iqinile futhi ayigugi kakhulu, ifanele ukuqeda futhi ishesha kakhulu, kodwa iyaphuka kalula.
Ngakho-ke, i-cobalt iba yinto ebalulekile “ekulungiseni” ibhalansi phakathi kokumelana nokuguguleka nokuqina kwezinto ezifakwa nge-carbide.
Ama-superalloy asekelwe ku-Cobalt ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile
Ngaphandle kokuba yinto yokuhlanganisa insimbi enesivinini esikhulu (i-HSS) noma i-binder kuma-carbide, i-cobalt nayo iyisisekelo sama-superalloy athile. Nakuba isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-turbine, ezindizayo, kanye nezingxenyeni zokushisa okuphezulu, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zamathuluzi okusika ezikhethekile nazo zisebenzisa ama-alloy asekelwe ku-cobalt ngenxa yokumelana kwawo nokushisa, i-oxidation, kanye nokugqwala.
Uma kukhulunywa ngamathuluzi okusika, ama-cobalt alloys ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezidinga ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu noma ezindaweni zokusebenza ezinamandla amakhemikhali. Nakuba engathandwa njenge-HSS noma i-carbide, ama-cobalt superalloys anikeza ikhambi lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga kakhulu.
Umthelela we-cobalt ekusebenzeni kokusika
Ekusebenzeni komshini, i-cobalt inegalelo ekusikeni ukusebenza kwamathuluzi ngezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko:
1. Kugcina ubukhali isikhathi eside
Njengoba ukushisa kwanda, ithuluzi elimelana nokuthamba kakhulu lizogcina i-geometry yonqenqema olusezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kunciphisa imvamisa yokulola kabusha noma yokufaka esikhundleni.
2. Nciphisa ingozi yokwehluleka kokushisa
Ngesikhathi sokusika okusheshayo, kwenzeka imijikelezo eshisayo nebandayo, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa i-coolant. Izinto ezibuthakathaka ekushayweni kokushisa zingaqhekeka. I-Cobalt isiza ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nalezi zimo, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ze-carbide ezine-binder efanele.
3. Khulisa umkhiqizo
Amathuluzi okusika angasebenza ngesivinini esikhulu sokusika anomthelela oqondile emkhiqizweni wokukhiqiza. Nakuba amathuluzi engase abize kakhulu, izindleko eziphelele ngengxenye ngayinye zingaba ngaphansi ngenxa yokuncipha kwesikhathi sokucubungula kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi.
4. Ukuvumelana kwekhwalithi yobuso
Unqenqema olusezingeni eliphezulu olungasheshi ukuguguleka luholela ekhwalithini ephezulu ehambisanayo. Lokhu kubalulekile ezimbonini ezidinga ukubekezelelwa okuqinile, njengezimoto, isikhunta kanye nodayi, kanye nokukhiqizwa okunembile.
Izinselele: izindleko, ukutholakala, kanye nezici zezempilo
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo ezinkulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cobalt nakho kuletha izinselele eziningana. Ngokomnotho, i-cobalt iyinsimbi enentengo eshintshashintshayo ngenxa yokutholakala komhlaba wonke, isidingo sezimboni, kanye nezinkinga zezwe. Imboni yamathuluzi okusika kumele ilinganise izidingo zokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, okuholela ekusungulweni okusha njengokuthuthukisa okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt, ukusebenzisa izembozo ezithuthukisiwe, noma ukuthuthukisa ezinye izihlanganisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono wokuphepha emsebenzini, uthuli lwe-cobalt kanye namakhemikhali athile kungaba yingozi uma kuphefumulwa isikhathi eside. Ezinqubweni zokugaya, ukulola, noma zokukhiqiza impuphu yensimbi, ukulawula uthuli, umoya ofanele, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-PPE efanele kubalulekile. Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-cobalt "ivinjelwe," kodwa kunalokho kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuphathwa kwe-OHS ezindaweni zokukhiqiza.
Umkhuba: ukumbozwa kanye nobunjiniyela bezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kulondolozwe i-cobalt
Imboni yamathuluzi okusika iyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi i-cobalt isalokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuya ngokuya kuba "okuhlakaniphile." Izithako eziningi zesimanje ze-carbide zinezimbozo ezifana ne-TiAlN, i-AlCrN, noma ezinye izimbozo ezinezingqimba eziningi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushisa nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ngokumboza okulungile, amathuluzi angafinyelela ukusebenza okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuqukethwe kwe-cobalt okweqile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubunjiniyela bezakhiwo ezincane ze-carbide buyathuthuka, njengokulawula usayizi wokusanhlamvu kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-binder, ukuze ithuluzi likwazi ukufeza inhlanganisela yokuqina nokuqina efanele. Umgomo wokugcina ukukhiqiza amathuluzi okusika angagugi kakhulu, azinzile, futhi angabizi kakhulu.
Isiphetho
I-Cobalt iyinsimbi ebalulekile embonini yamathuluzi okusika ngenxa yendima yayo ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nokushisa, ubulukhuni, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ensimbini enesivinini esikhulu, i-cobalt isiza ukugcina ubulukhuni emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okwenza ithuluzi lifanelekele izinto ezinzima kanye nokusika okusheshayo. Ku-carbide e-sintered, i-cobalt isebenza njengesihlanganisi, ikhulisa ukuqina nokuthembeka kwe-insert. Ngenkathi kusekhona izinselelo ezihlobene nezindleko, ukuhlinzekwa, kanye nempilo yomsebenzi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha ekumbozweni nasekubunjweni kwezinto kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-cobalt okuphumelelayo ngokwengeziwe.
Ngokuhlanganiswa kwayo kwezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, i-cobalt izohlala iyinto ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamathuluzi okusika akhiqizayo, anembile futhi ahlala isikhathi eside emhlabeni wokukhiqiza.
