Indlela Yokwenza Insimbi Engagqwali Yensimbi Engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali, noma eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "insimbi engagqwali," iyinto evame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini nasezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ezitsheni zokusika kuya ekwakhiweni okuphakeme. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zensimbi engagqwali ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kanye nokuqina kwayo okuphezulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizomboza izinyathelo ezinemininingwane enqubweni yokukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali, kusukela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kuya emikhiqizweni eqediwe.
1. Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Zokusetshenziswa
1.1. Ukholo
Isithako esiyinhloko ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi engagqwali yi-iron ore. Le iron ore ikhishwa ezimayini, ngokuvamile ngesimo se-hematite noma i-magnetite. I-ore bese idlula ezinqubweni ezahlukene zokucwengisisa ukuze kwandiswe okuqukethwe kwayo kwensimbi.
1.2. I-Chromium
I-Chromium ingenye into ebalulekile ensimbini engagqwali, eyakha okungenani u-10.5% wokwakheka kwayo konke. I-Chromium inikeza le nsimbi izakhiwo zayo ezingagqwali. I-Chromium itholakala kumaminerali afana ne-chromite.
1.3. I-Nickel
I-nickel ivame ukungezwa ukuze kwandiswe ukuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-nickel ivame ukutholakala emithonjeni efana ne-laterite kanye ne-nickel sulfide.
1.4. Izinto Ezengeziwe
Ezinye izakhi ezivame ukungezwa ensimbi engagqwali yi-molybdenum, i-manganese, i-silicon, i-nitrogen, ne-carbon. Ngayinye yalezi zakhi inikeza izakhiwo ezengeziwe ezifana namandla okusebenza noma ukumelana nokuguguleka.
2. Inqubo Yokuncibilikisa
2.1. Ukukhiqizwa Kwensimbi Yengulube
Isigaba sokuqala sokuncibilikisa ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yengulube. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zifakwa esithandweni somlilo bese zincibilikiswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Le nqubo ihlukanisa insimbi nezinto ezisele ezingasetshenziswanga. Umkhiqizo ophumelayo yinsimbi yengulube, equkethe ikhabhoni, i-silicon, i-sulfur, ne-phosphorus.
2.2. I-Decarburization
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukunciphisa okuqukethwe yikhabhoni ensimbini yengulube ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-decarburization. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ku-basic oxygen converter noma ku-electric arc furnace (EAF). Ngendlela ye-EAF, ama-graphite electrode asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukususwa kwe-carburization.
2.3. Ukuhlanganisa
Ngemva kokuncipha kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, izinto zokuhlanganisa ezifana ne-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, nezinye ziyangezwa ekuncibilikeni. Le nqubo yokwengeza idinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu nokunemba, njengoba ukuhlanganiswa okungalungile kungalimaza izakhiwo zokugcina zensimbi engagqwali.
3. Ukuqina Nokuhlolwa
3.1. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Homogenization
Ngemva kokuba izinto zokuhlanganisa sezifakiwe, insimbi encibilikisiwe kumele ihlanganiswe ngokulinganayo, ngokuvamile esithandweni sokungenisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto zokuhlanganisa zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke insimbi encibilikisiwe.
3.2. Ukulingisa
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuphonswa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ibe yisikhunta ukuze kwakhiwe i-billet, i-bloom, noma i-slab. Le nqubo ingenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengophonswa nge-die, uphonswa ngesihlabathi, noma uphonswa ngokuqhubekayo.
3.3. Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi
Ngemva kokuba insimbi isibunjiwe, izinto eziphumayo kumele zihlolwe ngezindlela ezahlukene zekhwalithi, njengokuhlolwa kokucindezelwa, ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni, ukuhlolwa komthelela, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi insimbi engagqwali inokwakheka okufanele kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ezifunwayo.
4. Inqubo Yomsebenzi Othuthukisiwe
4.1. I-Hot Rolling
Ama-billet, izimbali, noma ama-slabs akhiqizwa yinqubo yokubumba ngokuvamile makhulu kakhulu futhi aqinile ukuthi angasetshenziswa ngqo ngakho-ke adinga ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe ngokugoqa okushisayo. Kulesi sigaba, insimbi iyashiswa kabusha bese igoqwa ibe amashidi amancane, imigoqo, noma amaphrofayili.
4.2. Ukuqondanisa
Ngemva kokugingqika okushisayo, insimbi yensimbi idlula enkambisweni yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nokwandisa ukunwebeka. Le nqubo ihilela ukushisa insimbi kuze kufike ekushiseni okuthile bese iphola kancane kancane.
4.3. Ukuginqika Okubandayo
Ukuze kufezwe ukujiya okungcono kanye nokuphela kwendawo, insimbi eshidi iyagoqwa kubanda. Ukugoqwa kubanda kwenziwa ekushiseni kwegumbi futhi kunikeza insimbi engagqwali ukuqeda okubushelelezi kanye nezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini.
4.4. Ukukha
Inqubo yokuqoqa ihlanganisa ukususa ama-oxide kanye ne-scale ebusweni bensimbi kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-asidi. Lokhu kunikeza insimbi engagqwali ukubukeka okuhlanzekile futhi kuthuthukisa ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala.
5. Ukuqeda Nokwenza
5.1. Surface Finishing
Ngemva kokudlula ezinyathelweni ezahlukahlukene zokucubungula, insimbi engagqwali inganikezwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqeda kuye ngezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Ezinye izinketho zokuqeda ubuso zifaka phakathi okubhulashiwe, okupholishiwe, okufakwe isibuko, noma okungabonakali.
I-5.2. Ukwelashwa Okushisayo
Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kokushisa kungadingeka ukuze kushintshwe izakhiwo zensimbi engagqwali, kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ezinye izindlela ezisetshenziswayo zifaka phakathi ukucima, ukufudumala, kanye nokufaka i-carburizing.
5.3. Ukwakha Nokwakha Imishini
Insimbi engagqwali ivame ukudinga ukwakheka nokufakelwa ngomshini ngokwezidingo ezithile. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukusika, ukugoba, ukushisela, kanye nezinye izinqubo ezahlukene zokwenziwa.
5.4. Ukuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi
Isigaba sokugcina ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngokuhlola okwengeziwe kanye nokuhlola okubonakalayo. Umkhiqizo wokugcina ube usupakishwa futhi ulungele ukusatshalaliswa kubathengi noma ezimbonini ezidinga usizo.
Isiphetho
Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engagqwali kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela izigaba eziningana, kusukela ekukhishweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ekuncibilikiseni, ekuhlanganiseni, ekubunjweni, ekugingqini, ekufakweni, ekufakweni, ekufakweni, ekufakweni, ekuphekeni nasekukhiqizweni. Impumelelo esigabeni ngasinye senqubo inquma ikhwalithi kanye nezakhiwo zomkhiqizo wokugcina wensimbi engagqwali. Naphezu kwezinselele, insimbi engagqwali isalokhu ingenye yezinto ezisebenziseka kakhulu futhi ezibalulekile embonini yanamuhla.
