Umlando Wezibani Ezikhanyayo
I-Pendahuluan
Izibani ze-fluorescent, ezivame ukufushaniswa zibe izibani ze-TL noma amashubhu okukhanya, zazingenye yezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa bekhulu lama-20. Njengoba zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunezibani zendabuko ze-incandescent, izibani ze-fluorescent zibe negalelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emhlabeni wonke kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umlando wezibani ze-fluorescent, kusukela ekusungulweni kwazo kokuqala kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwazo kuya kubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa obusetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla.
Isizinda Sokuqala
Ulwazi lwe-fluorescence, into lapho into ethile ikhipha ukukhanya ngemva kokumunca amandla, selukhona isikhathi eside. Ngo-1852, isazi sefiziksi saseBrithani uSir George Stokes sachaza lesi simo futhi saqamba igama elithi “fluorescence.”
Kodwa-ke, umqondo wokusebenzisa i-fluorescence njengomthombo wokukhanya awuzange uvele kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngo-1904, usosayensi ogama lakhe linguPeter Cooper Hewitt wagunyaza umklamo wokuqala, owaziwa ngokuthi isibani se-mercury noma isibani se-mercury-vapor. Le divayisi yayisebenzisa ithubhu le-vacuum eligcwele umhwamuko we-mercury, okwathi uma lisetshenziswa ngogesi, lakhiqiza ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza. Nakuba lesi sibani sasisebenza kahle, sasingalungile ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke ngenxa yokukhanya kwaso okulinganiselwe.
Intuthuko Yasekuqaleni
Imizamo yokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa nge-fluorescent yaqhubeka. Phakathi nawo-1920 no-1930, kwaba nentuthuko eminingana ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezibani ze-fluorescent. Umuntu oyedwa obalulekile kulo mzamo kwakungu-Edmund Germer, unjiniyela waseJalimane. UGermer, kanye nozakwabo uFriedrich Meyer noHans Spanner, basebenze esibanini se-fluorescent esasisebenzisa i-phosphor coating ukuguqula ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okukhiqizwa umhwamuko we-mercury kube ukukhanya kwemvelo.
Ilungelo lobunikazi abalifaka ngo-1927 libhekwa njengenye yezisekelo zobuchwepheshe besimanje bokukhanyisa nge-fluorescent. Izinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-General Electric e-United States zaqala ukuqaphela amandla amakhulu alokhu kutholwa futhi zaqala ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nentuthuko.
Ukuhweba Nokuzivumelanisa Nezimo
Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa okukhanyayo kwenzeka ngawo-1930, iMpi Yezwe II yanciphisa ukuthengiswa kwayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isidingo sokusebenzisa kahle amandla sasikhula phakathi nempi, ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo kwaqala ukunakwa kakhulu. Ngo-1938, iGeneral Electric yethula isibani sokuqala esikhanyayo esithengiswayo, esaqala ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi.
Izinzuzo zezibani ze-fluorescent maqondana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezibani uma kuqhathaniswa nezibani zendabuko ze-incandescent zenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kokusetshenziswa kwezimboni kanye nendawo yokusebenza. Amahhovisi, izikole, kanye namafektri aqala ukufaka izibani ze-fluorescent esikhundleni sokukhanyisa kwawo, okwenza isidingo sale mikhiqizo sikhule.
Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Nokuthuthukiswa
Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezibani ze-fluorescent kwaqhubeka. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-phosphor kwavumela izibani ezine-spectrum yokukhanya engcono, eduze nokukhanya kwemvelo. Ngawo-1950 no-1960, kwavela izibani ze-fluorescent ezilungiswe ngombala. Lezi zibani zenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kombala okwakunganelisi ngaphambili, okwenza zifaneleke kakhulu kokubili ezindaweni zomsebenzi nezasekhaya.
Okunye okusha okubalulekile kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwama-ballast kagesi. Ama-ballast ayimishini elawula ugesi ezibani ze-fluorescent, futhi lawa ma-ballast kagesi asebenza kahle kakhulu athathe indawo yama-ballast kagesi amadala futhi angasebenzi kahle.
Izinselele Zemvelo Nezokulawula
Kodwa-ke, izibani ze-fluorescent azinazo izingxabano nezinselele. Inkinga enkulu ngezibani ze-fluorescent okuqukethwe kwazo kwe-mercury. I-Mercury iyikhemikhali enobuthi engaba nemiphumela emibi kwezemvelo uma ingalahlwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, ukucutshungulwa nokuphinde kusetshenziswe izibani ze-fluorescent kuyinkinga ebalulekile.
Njengoba ulwazi ngemvelo lukhula kanye nemithetho eqinile, izinhlelo ezahlukene zokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezibani ze-fluorescent seziqalile ukusetshenziswa. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buthuthukisiwe ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe yi-mercury ezibanini, kuyilapho izinhlelo zokuvuselela kabusha ezithuthukisiwe nazo zethulwe.
Ikusasa Lokukhanya Okukhanyayo
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa, ikakhulukazi ukufika kobuchwepheshe be-LED (Light Emitting Diode), ikusasa lokukhanyisa kwe-fluorescent libonakala libhekene nezinselele ezintsha. Ama-LED anikeza ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, futhi awadingi i-mercury, okwenza kube inketho enobungani nemvelo.
Naphezu kwalokhu, izibani ze-fluorescent zisenendawo ebalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa. Ezinye izinhlobo zezibani ze-fluorescent, njenge-Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs), zisathandwa ekukhanyeni kwezindlu nezebhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibani ezinkulu ze-fluorescent zisasetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhanyeni kwezimboni nezentengiselwano.
Isiphetho
Umlando wokukhanyisa okukhanyayo ubonisa uhambo olude lokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa, kusukela emibonweni yokuqala ye-fluorescence kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwesibani se-mercury nguPeter Cooper Hewitt, futhi ekugcineni kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwesibani sesimanje se-fluorescent ngososayensi abanjengo-Edmund Germer. Nakuba ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuyisisombululo esibalulekile ekukhanyeni kwezimboni nakwezentengiselwano, kubhekene nezinselele ezinkulu zemvelo.
Ngokufika kobuchwepheshe obusha bokukhanyisa njenge-LED, ikusasa lokukhanyisa okukhanyayo lingase lishintshe. Kodwa-ke, umthelela walo ekuthuthukisweni kokukhanyisa kwesimanje awunakunakwa. Ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo kudlale indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ngokukhanya okusebenzayo nokuthembekile kwezicelo ezahlukahlukene iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, futhi ifa lalo ekusungulweni kwamandla lizoqhubeka likhunjulwa.
