Indlela Izibani Ze-Incandescent Ezisebenza Ngayo
Isibani esikhanyayo, esaziwa nangokuthi isibani sokukhanya noma isibani esikhanyayo sakudala, singenye yezinto ezintsha ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa. Sasungulwa ngekhulu le-19, isibani esikhanyayo siguqule indlela abantu abaphila futhi basebenze ngayo ngokunikeza umthombo wokukhanya okwenziwe kalula. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngendlela isibani esikhanyayo esisebenza ngayo, kusukela ezimisweni zaso eziyisisekelo kuya ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile ezenza sisebenze.
Umlando Omfushane Wesibani Esikhanyayo
Isibani sokukhanyisa esikhanyayo saqalwa nguThomas Alva Edison ngo-1879. Nakuba u-Edison evame ukudunyiswa ngalo mkhiqizo, abanye abasunguli abaningi emhlabeni wonke base besungule imiqondo efanayo eminyakeni edlule. UJoseph Swan, usosayensi waseBrithani, naye wasungula isibani sokukhanyisa esikhanyayo cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo no-Edison. Kodwa-ke, isibani sika-Edison esikhanyayo sasibhekwa njengesiwusizo kakhulu futhi esingabizi kakhulu ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi, ngaleyo ndlela sathola ukuthandwa okukhulu.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zezibani Ezikhanyayo
Enhliziyweni yesibani sokukhanyisa esikhanyayo kukhona isimiso esilula: ukudlulisa ugesi ngocingo oluncane, noma intambo, bese ushisa uze ukhanye. Le nqubo ingumphumela wokumelana kukagesi—lapho ugesi udlula ezintweni ezinokumelana, amandla kagesi aguqulwa abe amandla okushisa.
Intambo esetshenziswa kuma-incandescent bulbs ngokuvamile yenziwe nge-tungsten, insimbi enezinga lokuncibilika eliphakeme kakhulu elingama-degree Celsius angu-3422 (6192 degrees Fahrenheit). Uma intambo ye-tungsten ishiswa ngogesi, ikhipha ukukhanya enqubweni eyaziwa ngokuthi 'incandescence'.
Izingxenye Zezibani Ezikhanyayo
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi isibani se-incandescent sisebenza kanjani, kubalulekile ukwazi izingxenye eziyinhloko zebhalbhu:
1. Intambo: Njengesikhungo sesibani esikhanyayo, intambo iyintambo encane eyenziwe nge-tungsten. Lapho ugesi udlula kuntambo, uyashisa bese uqala ukukhipha ukukhanya.
2. Ibhamuza Lengilazi: I-filament idinga ukuvikelwa, futhi lokhu kunikezwa yibhamuza lengilazi eliyizungezile. Leli bhamuza aligcini nje ngokuvikela i-filament ekulimaleni ngokomzimba kodwa futhi lihlukanisa i-filament nomoya-mpilo osemoyeni. Uma i-filament ivezwa umoya-mpilo, izosha futhi ihlakazeke ngokushesha.
3. Igesi Engasebenzi Noma I-Vacuum: Ngaphakathi kwebhamuza yengilazi, i-filament izungezwe igesi engasebenzi njenge-argon, noma ngezinye izikhathi i-vacuum. Igesi engasebenzi inciphisa ukuhwamuka kanye nokunyakaza kwezinto ezivela ku-filament, okusiza ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwesibani.
4. Ama-electrode: Ama-electrode ayizindawo zokuxhumana ezixhumanisa i-filament nomthombo wamandla wangaphandle. Avumela ugesi ukuthi ugeleze nge-filament.
5. Isisekelo noma Isokhethi: Le ngxenye ivumela isibani ukuthi sixhunywe emthonjeni wamandla. Izisekelo zesibani zivame ukwenziwa ngensimbi futhi zingaba nezimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ukuze zivumelane nezibani ezahlukahlukene.
Indlela Yokusebenza
Uma iswishi ivuliwe, ugesi ugeleza ngama-electrode ungene ku-filament. Ukumelana ku-filament kubangela ukuthi amandla kagesi aguqulwe abe ukushisa. Njengoba izinga lokushisa le-filament likhuphuka, lifinyelela lapho liqala khona ukukhipha ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Lena inqubo eyisisekelo yokusebenza kwebhalbhu yokukhanya ye-incandescent—amandla kagesi -> amandla okushisa -> amandla okukhanya.
Ukusebenza Kahle Nombala Wokukhanya
Nakuba amabhalbhu akhanyisayo ephumelela kakhulu ekuguquleni amandla kagesi abe ukukhanya ngenqubo elula, awasebenzi kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa besimanje njenge-LED kanye nezibani ze-fluorescent. Cishe u-10% wamandla asetshenziswa yibhalbhu ekhanyisayo aguqulwa abe ukukhanya okubonakalayo; okusele kulahleka njengokushisa. Lokhu kwenza amabhalbhu akhanyisayo angasebenzi kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya okukhiqizwa amabhalbhu akhanyisayo kuvame ukuba phuzi ofudumele. Lo mbala okhanyayo, owaziwa ngokuthi 'izinga lokushisa lombala,' ulinganiswa ngoKelvin. Amabhalbhu akhanyisayo ngokuvamile anokushisa kombala okungaba ngu-2700K, okudala isimo esifudumele nesamukelayo esivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhanyiseni kwasekhaya.
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwezibani ze-Incandescent
Izinzuzo:
1. Ukulula Kokukhiqiza Nezindleko Eziphansi: Izibani ezikhipha ukukhanya kulula kakhulu ukuzikhiqiza futhi ngokuvamile zishibhile kunezinye izinhlobo zezibani.
2. Ikhwalithi Yokukhanya: Izibani ze-Incandescent zikhiqiza ukukhanya okunemibala emihle kakhulu, okusho ukuthi zikhiqiza ukukhanya okusondele kakhulu elangeni lemvelo.
3. Okungafinyezwa: Izibani ezikhanyayo zingafinyezwa kalula kusetshenziswa i-dimmer evamile, okwenza ziguquguquke ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zokukhanya.
Ubuthakathaka:
1. Ukusebenza Kahle Kancane Kwamandla: Iningi lamandla asetshenziswa ama-incandescent bulbs aguqulwa abe ukushisa, hhayi ukukhanya. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awasebenzi kahle njengobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa besimanje njengama-LED.
2. Isikhathi Esifushane Sokuphila: Ngokuvamile, ama-incandescent bulbs aphila isikhathi esifushane kunama-LED noma ama-fluorescent bulbs. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokuphila kwe-incandescent bulb singamahora ayi-1.000, kanti ama-LED angahlala amahora afinyelela ku-25.000 noma ngaphezulu.
3. Izwela Ukushaqeka: Ngenxa yokuthi intambo ye-tungsten ibuthakathaka, izibani ze-incandescent zingalimala noma ziphuke ngisho uma zishaqeka noma zidlidliza.
Indima Emlandweni Nasemphakathini
Izibani ze-incandescent zidlale indima ebalulekile emlandweni wanamuhla. Selokhu zasungulwa futhi zasetshenziswa kabanzi, zilethe ukukhanya ezingxenyeni zomhlaba ezazithembele kuphela ekukhanyeni kwamakhandlela noma ezibanini zikawoyela. Lokhu kuye kwavumela amahora amaningi okusebenza, ukufunda, kanye neminye imisebenzi, okunegalelo ngqo ekukhuleni komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.
Isiphetho
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa buqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokufika kwama-LED nezinye izibani ezisebenzisa amandla kahle, isibani se-incandescent sisalokhu siwuphawu lokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuqonda ukuthi ama-incandescent asebenza kanjani, singakwazisa kangcono ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa kanye nomthelela wawo empilweni yansuku zonke. Nakuba enezinkinga mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, izinzuzo zawo ngekhwalithi yokukhanya kanye nokulula kokukhiqizwa zenze ama-incandescent bulb abe yingxenye ebalulekile yomlando wokukhanya kwabantu.
