Iprosesa ye-Apple M1 yamakhompyutha edeskithophu
Ukufika kwe-Apple M1 kuphawula ushintsho olukhulu emhlabeni wamakhompyutha edeskithophu nama-laptop. Okokuqala ngqa emlandweni wanamuhla we-Mac, i-Apple ishintsha isuka kuma-processor e-Intel ngokusekelwe kusakhiwo se-x86 iye kuma-chips ayo asekelwe ku-ARM, abawabiza ngokuthi i-Apple Silicon. Nakuba yaziwa okokuqala nge-MacBook Air, i-MacBook Pro engama-intshi angu-13, kanye ne-Mac mini, i-M1 nayo ibalulekile kumongo wekhompyutha yedeskithophu ngoba iletha inhlanganisela yokusebenza okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwehadiwe nesofthiwe okungavamile ukutholakala kwamanye amapulatifomu. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngokuthi i-Apple M1 iyini, isebenza kanjani kudeskithophu, kanye nomthelela wayo kubasebenzisi kanye nesistimu yohlelo lokusebenza.
Kuyini i-Apple M1?
I-Apple M1 iyi-System on a Chip (SoC), hhayi i-CPU kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-chip eyodwa iqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile ezivame ukuhlukaniswa: i-CPU, i-GPU, i-Neural Engine, isilawuli sememori, i-media encoder/decoder, kanye nezingxenye zokuphepha. I-M1 ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa inqubo yokwenziwa kwe-nanometer engu-5, evumela inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-transistors ngobukhulu obuncane, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokushisa.
Ku-M1, i-Apple isebenzisa ukucushwa kwe-CPU okunezinsika ezingu-8 okuhlukaniswe ngamaqoqo amabili: ama-performance cores kanye nama-efficiency cores. Le ndlela yaziwa ngokuthi yi-big.LITTLE emhlabeni we-ARM. Ama-performance cores aphatha imithwalo yemisebenzi esindayo njengokuhlanganiswa kwekhodi, ukuhlela ividiyo, noma ukuhumusha. Ama-efficiency cores aphatha imisebenzi elula njengokuphequlula, ukudlala umculo, kanye nemisebenzi yangemuva. Le nhlanganisela igcina amakhompyutha edeskithophu asekelwe ku-M1 esabela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla amaningi.
Kungani i-M1 ikhanga kumakhompyutha edeskithophu?
Amakhompyutha edeskithophu ngokuvamile ahambisana nokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa ezinkulu. Kodwa i-M1 inikeza indlela entsha yokusebenza: ukusebenza okunamandla akusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nabalandeli abanomsindo. Nge-M1 Mac mini, isibonelo, abasebenzisi bathola ikhompyutha yedeskithophu encane, ethule, futhi eyonga amandla ekwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi eminingi yobungcweti yansuku zonke.
Kubasebenzisi basekhaya, i-M1 iletha ukuthuthukiswa kwesivinini semisebenzi evamile njengokuvula izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nokuphequlula ngamathebhu amaningi. Kubasebenzisi abanobuciko, i-M1 iphinde ithuthukise ulwazi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Final Cut Pro, i-Logic Pro, noma i-Adobe Photoshop—ikakhulukazi uma lezo zinhlelo zokusebenza zilungiselelwe i-Apple Silicon.
Ukusebenza kwe-CPU: okusheshayo nokungaguquguquki
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-M1 kuma-desktops ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-single-core. Imisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonke yekhompyutha isathembele ekusebenzeni kwe-single-core: ukuvula amadokhumenti, ukusebenzisa izikripthi ezithile, izixhumanisi zesicelo eziphendulayo, njalo njalo. I-M1 idume ngokuphendula kwayo okusheshayo nokuzinzile, okwenza uhlelo luzizwe "lulula" ngisho nalapho lusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngemithwalo yemisebenzi eminingi, i-M1 nayo iyancintisana kakhulu. Ngama-cores angu-8 e-CPU, imisebenzi eminingi efana nokuhlanganiswa kwamaphrojekthi, ukucubungula izithombe ze-batch, noma ukuqoqwa kwedatha kungaqedwa ngokushesha kunezizukulwane ezithile ze-Intel Macs, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezisesigabeni samandla esifanayo. Futhi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle kakhulu, ukusebenza kuvame ukuhambisana ngaphandle kokwehla okukhulu ngenxa yokushisa, ikakhulukazi kuma-desktops afana ne-Mac mini, anokupholisa okwanele.
I-GPU Ehlanganisiwe: ibaluleke kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga
I-M1 ine-GPU ehlanganisiwe enama-cores afinyelela kwangu-8. Nakuba ingafani nama-GPU aphezulu ahlukene, i-M1 GPU imangaze abaningi ngokusebenza kwayo okunamandla kwe-iGPU. Kuma-desktop, lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi bangenza ukuhlela ividiyo okulula kuya kokuphakathi, ukwakheka kwezithombe, ngisho neminye imidlalo ngokusebenza okuhle—ngokuhambisana okufanele kanye nezilungiselelo zezithombe, vele.
Amandla e-M1 GPU azwakala futhi ekusheshisweni kwe-UI, ukubuka kuqala kwevidiyo, kanye nemiphumela yesikhathi sangempela ezinhlelweni zokudala. Ngenxa yokuthi i-CPU ne-GPU ziku-chip eyodwa enokufinyelela okusheshayo kwememori, ukudluliswa kwedatha kungasebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinhlelo zendabuko ezidinga izindlela ezihlukene.
Inkumbulo Ehlanganisiwe: umqondo wenkumbulo ohlukile
Omunye wemiqondo ebalulekile ku-Apple M1 yi-Unified Memory Architecture (UMA). Kuma-PC amaningi, i-CPU ne-GPU zinememori ehlukene (i-RAM yesistimu ne-VRAM). Ku-M1, imemori iyahlanganiswa: i-CPU ne-GPU zifinyelela ichibi lememori elilodwa, eline-bandwidth ephezulu. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo sokukopisha idatha emuva naphambili, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kokusebenza kwemisebenzi ehilela ihluzo nokubala.
Kodwa-ke, kunephutha elikhulu kubasebenzisi bedeskithophu: umthamo wememori ku-M1 wakhelwe ngaphakathi futhi awukwazi ukuthuthukiswa ngemva kokuthenga. Ezizukulwaneni zangaphambilini ze-M1, izinketho ze-RAM ngokuvamile zaziyi-8GB noma i-16GB. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzisi bedeskithophu abazoba khona kufanele bahlole izidingo zabo kusenesikhathi—ikakhulukazi uma bevame ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla amaningi, behlanganyela ku-virtualization, noma besebenza ngamafayela emidiya anesinqumo esiphezulu.
Injini Yezinzwa kanye nokusheshisa kwemidiya
I-M1 iphinde ibe ne-Neural Engine engu-16-core eyenzelwe imisebenzi yokufunda komshini, njengokubona ubuso, ukucubungula izithombe, noma izici ze-AI ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zokudala. Nakuba kungebona bonke abasebenzisi abazokubona ngokushesha, izici eziningi zesimanje ku-macOS kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zobungcweti zisebenzisa le ngxenye ukusheshisa ukubala okuthile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-M1 inenjini yemidiya ewusizo kakhulu yama-desktop: ukwesekwa kokufaka ikhodi/ukukhipha ikhodi kwehadiwe kwamafomethi evidiyo adumile njenge-H.264 ne-HEVC. Empeleni, lokhu kuphumela ekudlalweni kwevidiyo okubushelelezi, ukwenziwa okusheshayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphumelelayo. Kubadali bokuqukethwe abahlela ividiyo, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuhambisana kohlelo lokusebenza: I-Rosetta 2 kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu
Ukushintsha kusuka ku-Intel kuya ku-Apple Silicon ngokwemvelo kuphakamisa umbuzo omkhulu: ingabe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezindala zisazosebenza? I-Apple iphendula lokhu nge-Rosetta 2, ungqimba lokuhumusha oluvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Intel ukuthi zisebenze kuma-M1 Mac. Ezimweni eziningi, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Intel ezisebenza ku-Rosetta 2 zisebenza kahle, ngezinye izikhathi zishesha kakhulu kunalezo ezisebenza kuma-Intel Mac amadala.
Kodwa-ke, ulwazi oluhle kakhulu lufika lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zivela ku-Apple Silicon. Izinguqulo zomdabu zivame ukusebenzisa amandla kahle, zishesha, futhi zisebenzisa ngokugcwele amakhono e-M1. Uma ukhetha ideskithophu esekelwe ku-M1, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza eziyinhloko—njengezi-plugin zomsindo, isofthiwe ethile ye-CAD, noma amathuluzi ebhizinisi—ziyahambisana futhi zizinzile.
I-M1 yedeskithophu: yenzelwe bani?
I-Apple M1 kumakhompyutha edeskithophu ifaneleka kakhulu kulezi zigaba zabasebenzisi ezilandelayo:
1. Abasebenzisi basekhaya nasehhovisi: badinga ikhompyutha esheshayo, eqinile, ethule, nesebenzisa amandla kahle emsebenzini wansuku zonke, emihlanganweni yevidiyo, kanye nokukhiqiza.
2. Abadali bokuqukethwe okuphakathi nendawo: ukuhlela izithombe, ukuklama ihluzo, ukukhiqizwa komculo, kanye nokuhlela amavidiyo athile kusuka ku-1080p kuya ku-4K kanye nomsebenzi osebenzayo.
3. Umthuthukisi: Ukuhlanganisa amaphrojekthi, ukusebenzisa ama-simulators, nokusebenzisa amathuluzi okuthuthukisa esimanje. Kodwa-ke, ngezidingo ezithile ze-virtualization (isb., i-x86 OS), ukunakwa okukhethekile kuyadingeka ngenxa yezakhiwo ezahlukene.
4. Abasebenzisi ababeka phambili uhlelo lwe-Apple: ukuhlanganiswa ne-iPhone/iPad, izici ze-Handoff, i-AirDrop, i-iMessage, kanye nohlelo lwe-macOS.
Kodwa-ke, kubasebenzisi bedeskithophu abadinga i-GPU ehlukanisiwe esebenza kahle kakhulu yokwenziwa kwe-3D okukhulu, imidlalo ethile ye-AAA, noma imisebenzi ethile yezimboni, ama-M1 okuqala kungenzeka angabi yisinqumo esihle kakhulu. Kamuva i-Apple yakhipha izinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu (i-M1 Pro, i-M1 Max, i-M1 Ultra) ngezidingo zobungcweti ezidinga kakhulu, yize leyo ngxoxo ingaphezu kobubanzi balesi sihloko.
Isiphetho
I-Apple M1 iletha indlela entsha yokubala ideskithophu: ukusebenza okuphezulu kuhlanganiswe nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukwakheka okufushane, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuqinile kwehadiwe nesofthiwe. Nge-CPU ephendulayo, i-GPU enamandla ehlanganisiwe, inkumbulo ehlanganisiwe esebenza kahle, kanye nokusheshiswa kwemidiya kanye ne-AI, i-M1 iyisinqumo esikhangayo kubasebenzisi abaningi bedeskithophu banamuhla. Ngenkathi kunemikhawulo efana ne-RAM engathuthukiswa kanye nezinkinga ezithile zokuhambisana nohlelo lokusebenza, iyonke, i-Apple M1 ifakazela ukuthi amakhompyutha edeskithophu akudingeki abe makhulu futhi alambele amandla ukuze anikeze ulwazi olusheshayo nolukhululekile.
Uma ucabangela ideskithophu esekelwe ku-M1, isihluthulelo siwukulungisa izinketho zakho zokucushwa ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zakho kusukela ekuqaleni—ikakhulukazi inkumbulo kanye nomthamo wesitoreji—futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza eziyinhloko zilungele i-Apple Silicon. Ngalezi zinto zokucatshangelwa, i-Apple M1 ingaba yisisekelo sedeskithophu esithembekile sesikhathi eside.
