Izinto Zensimbi Zomhlaba Ezine-Alkaline
Izinsimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline ziyiqembu lezinto ezisetafuleni le-periodic elitholakala kukholomu yesibili, noma eqenjini lesi-2. Zakhiwa yizinto eziyisithupha: i-beryllium (Be), i-magnesium (Mg), i-calcium (Ca), i-strontium (Sr), i-barium (Ba), kanye ne-radium (Ra). Ngayinye yalezi zinsimbi inezakhiwo eziningana zamakhemikhali nezomzimba ezihlukanisa kwezinye izinto, kodwa futhi zabelana ngezici ezithile. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izici ezahlukahlukene zezinsimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zazo ezijwayelekile, ukusetshenziswa kwazo, kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nazo.
Izakhiwo Ezijwayelekile
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo
Izinsimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline ziyizinsimbi ezine-conductivity enhle yokushisa kanye nogesi, kanye namaphuzu aphezulu okuncibilika nokubila, yize ziphansi kunezinsimbi zokushintsha. Zonke zinjengesiliva, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezincane zemibala phakathi kwazo. Isibonelo, i-beryllium ingwevu yesiliva, kanti i-calcium ingwevu ephaphathekile.
Ubuningi bezinsimbi zomhlaba ezine-alkaline buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-element kuya ku-element, kodwa ngokuvamile ziminyene kunezinsimbi ze-alkaline eqenjini 1. Esinye isici esibonakalayo okufanele siqashelwe ubulukhuni; i-beryllium, isibonelo, iqine kakhulu kune-magnesium noma i-calcium.
Izakhiwo Zamakhemikhali
Ngokwekhemikhali, izinsimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline zisabela emanzini, yize zingasabelani kalula njengezinsimbi ze-alkaline eziseQenjini 1. Zakha ama-hydroxide kanye negesi ye-hydrogen ngenxa yokusabela kwazo emanzini. Zivame ukuba nomthelela omkhulu njengoba uhla etafuleni le-periodic kusuka ku-beryllium kuya ku-radium.
Esinye sezici zabo ezibahlukanisayo yikhono labo lokwenza ama-cation ane-charge engu-+2. Isibonelo, i-magnesium ivame ukwakha ama-ion e-Mg²⁺ lapho isabela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inama-electron amabili e-valence angasuswa kalula ukuze kufezwe ukucushwa kwama-electron okuzinzile.
Izicelo Zensimbi Yomhlaba Ene-Alkaline
I-Beryllium (Be)
I-Beryllium isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezimboni ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu, amandla, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kakhulu kusekukhiqizweni kwamafasitela e-X-ray ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo okuphezulu kuma-X-ray. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-beryllium isetshenziswa ekupakisheni nge-elekthronikhi, izingxenye zezindiza, kanye nemishini ethuthukisiwe embonini yezokuvikela neyezindiza.
I-Magnesium (Mg)
I-Magnesium iyinsimbi elula enamandla amakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesisindo sayo, okwenza ibe yintandokazi yokukhiqiza izingxenye zezindiza, izingxenye zezimoto, nezinye izinto ezidinga izakhiwo eziqinile kodwa ezilula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-magnesium iyinto ebalulekile ku-biology njengoba iyisici esibalulekile se-chlorophyll, umbala obalulekile we-photosynthesis ezitshalweni.
I-Calcium (Ca)
I-calcium inezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa, okuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa (njengengxenye yesimende nokhonkolo), ukwenza insimbi, kanye nokuhluzwa ushukela. Ku-biology, i-calcium ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, idlala indima ekufinyezweni kwemisipha, ukwakheka kwamathambo namazinyo, kanye nokusabalalisa amaseli.
I-Strontium (Sr)
I-Strontium ivame ukusetshenziswa eziqhumeni zomlilo kanye nasezinkundleni zomlilo ngenxa yekhono layo lokukhiqiza umbala obomvu obukhali uma ishiswa. I-Strontium titanate isetshenziswa futhi ekwenziweni kwamatshe ayigugu okwenziwa kanye namalensi optical ngenxa yenkomba yayo ephezulu yokukhanya kanye nokusabalala, okufana nokwezinye izinhlobo zedayimane.
I-Barium (Ba)
I-Barium isetshenziswa embonini yokumba uwoyela negesi njenge-ejenti yokulinganisa uketshezi lokumba. I-Barium sulfate, engancibiliki emanzini, isetshenziswa ku-radiography yezokwelapha njenge-ejenti yokuhlukanisa izithombe zomgudu wokugaya ukudla.
I-Radium (Ra)
I-Radium iyisakhi esinomsakazo esitholakala ngamanani amancane kakhulu emvelweni. I-Radium yayisetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza esikhathini esidlule, yize isithathelwe indawo ama-isotope aphephile futhi asebenza kahle. I-Radium yayisetshenziswa futhi kupende olukhanyayo lwamawashi nezinye izinsimbi, kodwa lo mkhuba uyekiwe ngenxa yezingozi ezinkulu zempilo.
Izingozi Nezinyathelo Zokuqapha
Nakuba izinsimbi zomhlaba ezine-alkaline zinezinsiza eziningi eziwusizo, nazo zinezingozi ezithile okumele zicatshangelwe.
I-Beryllium
Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside othulini noma ku-powder ye-beryllium kungabangela isifo sokuphefumula esingamahlalakhona esaziwa ngokuthi isifo se-beryllium noma i-berylliosis. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu esithinta amaphaphu futhi singabulala uma singelashwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuphatha i-beryllium kudinga izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile.
magnesium
I-magnesium iphephile ngokwanele ukusetshenziswa okuningi, kodwa uma isesimweni sempuphu noma iribhoni, ingavutha kakhulu. Imililo equkethe i-magnesium kunzima ukuyicima ngoba i-magnesium isabela namanzi ukuze ikhiqize i-hydrogen, engandisa amandla omlilo.
I-calcium
I-calcium ngesimo sayo esimsulwa noma kwezinye izakhi (isb., i-calcium oxide) ingabangela nokucasuka kwesikhumba, amehlo, kanye nokuphefumula. Ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kudinga izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqapha lapho kuphathwa izinto ezinobuthi.
I-Strontium ne-Barium
Nakuba i-strontium kwezinye izinhlobo iphephile, i-strontium enemisebe ayinconywa ukuthi ixhumane nabantu. I-barium encibilikisiwe nayo inobuthi futhi kumele iphathwe ngokucophelela. I-barium sulfate engancibiliki ngokuvamile iphephile futhi isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha njenge-ejenti yokuhlukanisa.
I-Radium
I-Radium iyisici esiyingozi kakhulu futhi esinomswakama ophezulu. Ukuchayeka ku-radium kungabangela ukulimala kwezicubu kanye nomdlavuza obangelwa imisebe. Ukuphathwa kwayo kudinga izinqubo eziqinile kakhulu zokunciphisa izingozi zomswakama.
Isiphetho
Izinsimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline ziyiqembu lezinto ezinezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene kodwa ukuthambekela kwamakhemikhali okuhambisanayo. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwazo embonini kanye ne-biology kuya ezingozini zezempilo ezihlobene nazo, izinsimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline zidlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Izakhiwo zazo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zizenza zibe usizo kakhulu, kodwa futhi zidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela nangokucophelela. Ngokuqonda okufanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele, singasebenzisa izinzuzo zezinsimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline ngenkathi sinciphisa izingozi zazo.
