Indlela Yokuhlaziya I-Gravimetric: Izimiso, Izinqubo, kanye Nezicelo
I-Pendahuluan
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-gravimetric kuyindlela yokuhlaziya amakhemikhali ehilela ukulinganisa isisindo sento ukuze kutholakale ukuhlushwa kwayo kusampula. Le ndlela ibalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-analytical chemistry, imithi, i-environmental chemistry, kanye nemboni yokudla. Lesi sihloko sizobuyekeza izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuhlaziywa kwe-gravimetric, izinqubo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa kule ndlela, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ezimbonini ezahlukene.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zokuhlaziywa Kwe-Gravimetric
Indlela ye-gravimetric isekelwe esimisweni sokuthi isisindo sento singalinganiswa ngokunembile futhi siguqulwe sibe izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali ezaziwayo. Le nqubo ihilela izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuna: Izingxenye ezihlaziywayo ziguqulwa zibe ama-compound angasuswa esixazululweni njenge-precipitate engancibiliki.
2. Ukuhlunga: I-precipitate eyakhiwe ihlukaniswa nesixazululo ngokusihlunga kusetshenziswa iphepha lokuhlunga noma enye indlela.
3. Ukuwasha: I-precipitate igezwa ngesinyibilikisi esifanele ukususa ukungcola okungase kufakwe ebusweni be-precipitate.
4. Ukomisa noma Ukushisa: Ukushisa komoya komiswa kube yisisindo esingaguquki noma kushiswe ekushiseni okuphezulu kuye ngohlobo lwenhlanganisela.
5. Ukulinganisa: Isisindo sendle eyomile noma eshisayo silinganiswa kusetshenziswa ibhalansi yokuhlaziya ukuthola idatha yokulinganisa.
Inqubo Ejwayelekile Yokuhlaziywa Kwe-Gravimetric
Ukuze uqonde kabanzi, nansi izinyathelo eziningiliziwe zenqubo ejwayelekile yokuhlaziywa kwe-gravimetric:
1. Ukulungiselela Isampula
Ukulungiswa kwesampula kudinga ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele, futhi uma kudingeka, ukuhwamuka ukuze kuncishiswe ivolumu futhi kwandiswe ukuhlushwa kwezingxenye ze-analyte.
2. Ukwakheka Kwendle
I-reactant ethile ifakwa esixazululweni sesampula ukuze kwakheke i-precipitate. Ukukhetha le reactant kubalulekile ngoba kumele ikhiqize i-precipitate okulula ukuyiphatha, ezinzile, futhi ehambisana nento ehlaziyiwe.
3. Ukuhlunga indle
Uma ukwakheka komswakama, kuyahlungwa. Iphepha lokuhlunga elinezimbobo ezifanele noma enye indlela yokuhlunga liyakhethwa ngokusekelwe kusayizi wezinhlayiya ze-precipitate. Umswakama uyagezwa ukuze kususwe noma yimaphi ama-ion asele.
4. Ukomisa noma Ukushisa
I-precipitate ehlungiwe yomiswa kuhhavini noma ifudunyezwe esithandweni somlilo ezingeni lokushisa elithile kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela isisindo esingaguquki. Le nqubo yokomisa noma yokushisa ihlose ukuguqula i-precipitate ibe yisimo esizinzile esingalinganiswa ngokunembile.
5. Ukulinganisa
I-precipitate eyomile noma eshisayo ikalwa kusetshenziswa ibhalansi yokuhlaziya enembile kakhulu. Imiphumela isetshenziswa ukubala inani noma ukuhlushwa kwento ehlaziywayo.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwendlela Yokuhlaziya I-Gravimetric
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-gravimetric kuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene emikhakheni eminingi, eminye yayo yilena elandelayo:
1. Imboni Yezemithi
Embonini yezemithi, ukuhlaziywa kwe-gravimetric kusetshenziselwa ukunquma amazinga ezingxenye ezisebenzayo emithini. Isibonelo, ukunquma amazinga e-sulfate ezixazululweni zezemithi kusebenzisa i-barium chloride njenge-reactant ebangela ukwehla, okwakha ukushesha okulinganiselwe kwe-barium sulfate.
2. Ukuhlaziywa Kwemvelo
Izindlela ze-gravimetric nazo zisetshenziswa ekuhlaziyweni kwemvelo ukukala ukungcola okufana nezinsimbi ezisindayo emanzini nasemoyeni. Isibonelo, ukuna kwezinsimbi ezifana ne-cadmium noma i-lead kusuka ezixazululweni zamanzi kungasetshenziswa ukukala ukuhlushwa kwazo.
3. Imboni Yokudla
Embonini yokudla, i-gravimetry isetshenziselwa ukunquma okuqukethwe komlotha kumasampula okudla, ngokushisa isampula kuze kube yilapho zonke izinto eziphilayo seziphelile futhi kusele amaminerali kuphela ngesimo somlotha.
4. I-Chemistry Yezinto Ezibalulekile
Emkhakheni we-chemistry yezinto, ukuhlaziywa kwe-gravimetric kungasetshenziswa ukukala okuqukethwe kwezingxenye eziku-alloys zensimbi noma izinto ze-semiconductor okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa kokuhlaziywa kwe-Gravimetric
I-Keuntungan
1. Ukunemba Okuphezulu: I-Gravimetry inikeza imiphumela enembile kakhulu futhi enembile ngoba isekelwe ekulinganisweni kobunzima okungalinganiswa ngokunembile kakhulu.
2. Kulula: Le ndlela ilula kakhulu futhi ayidingi imishini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
3. Ukuzinza Kwamakhemikhali: Ukuchayeka okubangelwayo kuvame ukuqina kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingozi yokuwohloka noma ukusabela okuqhubekayo iphansi kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlaziya.
Ukulinganiselwa
1. Isikhathi Eside: Inqubo yokuhlunga, ukomisa noma yokushisa ithatha isikhathi eside impela.
2. Ukuthembela Ekunatheni: Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlaziywa kuncike ekhonweni lokwenza ukuna okuphelele; ukuna okungaphelele kungathinta ukunemba kwemiphumela.
3. Ukucaciswa: Kudinga ukukhethwa kwama-reagents okuna kwemvula akhethekile kakhulu ukuze kugwenywe ukuna kwezinye izingxenye ezingaphazamisa imiphumela yokuhlaziya.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-gravimetric kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlaziya inani esetshenziswe isikhathi eside emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi neyezimboni. Nakuba le ndlela inemikhawulo ethile, ukunemba kwayo kanye nobulula bayo kwenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile ekuhlaziyeni amakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda kahle izimiso zayo, izinqubo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwenza ochwepheshe be-chemistry bakwazi ukwenza ukuhlaziya okunembile, ikakhulukazi lapho ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu bungatholakali noma bubiza kakhulu.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-gravimetric kusalokhu kuyindlela ethembekile nesetshenziswa kabanzi emalabhorethri amakhemikhali emhlabeni jikelele, kusekela ucwaningo olubanzi kanye nezicelo zezimboni ezidinga izilinganiso eziqondile zenani.
