Izinzuzo Nezingozi Zama-Formalin Compounds
I-Formalin iyisisombululo esiqukethe i-formaldehyde emanzini, ngokuvamile equkethe cishe i-formaldehyde engu-37%, ngokuvamile enenani elincane le-methanol elingeziwe ukuvimbela ukwenziwa kwe-polymerization. Emphakathini, igama elithi "formalin" livame ukusetshenziswa ukubhekisela ku-preservative yezidumbu noma uketshezi olunephunga elinamandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-formalin nayo idlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezimboni neyelebhu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezisebenzayo ekubulaleni amagciwane kanye nekhono layo "lokulondoloza" izicubu zezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwalezi zinzuzo, i-formalin nayo inezingozi ezinkulu uma isetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa kabi njengesivikelo sokudla. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezinzuzo zomthetho nezilawulwayo ze-formalin, kanye nezingozi zempilo kanye nemiphumela yomphakathi yokusetshenziswa kwayo okungalungile.
Iyini i-Formalin futhi kungani isetshenziswa kabanzi?
Ngokwekhemikhali, i-formaldehyde iyinhlanganisela elula yezinto eziphilayo (CH₂O) esabela kakhulu. Uma incibilikiswa emanzini, i-formaldehyde yakha i-formalin. Lolu hlobo lokusabela yilona olwenza i-formalin isebenze njengesivikelo: inga "bopha" amaprotheni nezakhiwo zamaseli, yenze izicubu ziqine futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-formalin ayibizi kakhulu, itholakala kalula ezindaweni zezimboni, futhi isebenza ngokushesha. Le nhlanganisela iyenza ibe yinto esetshenziswa kabanzi, kodwa futhi ithambekele ekusetshenzisweni kabi.
Izinzuzo ze-Formalin embonini nasempilweni
Nakuba igama layo livame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinto ezimbi, i-formalin inezinzuzo ezibalulekile eziningana uma isetshenziswa ngokwemithetho yokuphepha kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.
1. Isivikelo Sezinto Eziphilayo Nezinjongo Zezokwelapha
Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-formalin ukulondoloza izicubu zezinto eziphilayo emalabhorethri, ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zemfundo. Kwi-anatomical pathology, i-formalin isetshenziselwa ukulungisa izicubu (ukuvimba inqubo yokubola) ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Ngokuqiniswa okufanele, izakhiwo zamaseli nezicubu ziyalondolozwa, okuvumela ukuxilongwa kwesifo okunembe kakhudlwana.
Ezikhungweni zemfundo, i-formalin isetshenziselwa nokugcina izitho zomzimba noma izilwane ukuze kwenziwe izivivinyo zelebhu. Ngaphandle kwezilondolozi, izisampula zingasheshe zonakale futhi zibe yingozi yokungcola.
2. Izibulala-magciwane kanye nama-Antimicrobial agents (Okulinganiselwe)
I-Formalin ingasebenza njengesibulala-magciwane ngoba ingabulala amagciwane, isikhunta, kanye namanye amagciwane. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengesibulala-magciwane okwamanje kunqunyelwe ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezicasulayo nezinobuthi, kanye nokutholakala kwezinye izindlela eziphephile. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo zezimboni noma ezindaweni ezikhethekile, i-formalin isasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile.
3. Izinto Zokusetshenziswa Zomkhakha We-Resin Nezinto Ezibonakalayo
Embonini, i-formaldehyde iyinto ebalulekile yokwenza izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-resin, njenge-urea-formaldehyde kanye ne-phenol-formaldehyde. Lawa ma-resin abe esesetshenziswa ku:
– I-Adhesive ye-plywood, i-particleboard, kanye ne-MDF (i-fiberboard ephakathi nendawo)
– Izimbozo ezithile nopende
– Izinto zendwangu ezilwa nemibimbi
- Izingxenye zezimoto kanye nemikhiqizo ethile yepulasitiki
Ngakho-ke, i-formalin inendima ebalulekile kwezomnotho ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka ngempahla, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini zezinto zokwakha kanye nefenisha.
4. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi kanye Nenqubo Yokukhiqiza
Kwezinye izinqubo zokukhiqiza, i-formaldehyde ingasetshenziswa njenge-chemical reaction agent ukukhiqiza amakhemikhali athile atholakalayo. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kuvame ukwenzeka ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali futhi kwenziwa ezinhlelweni ezivaliwe ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile. Kulesi simo, izinzuzo zifaka phakathi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo eqhubekayo.
Izingozi ze-Formalin empilweni
Izingozi ze-formaldehyde zivela ezicini zayo ezinobuthi, ezicasulayo, futhi ezingase zibe umdlavuza. Le miphumela ingenzeka ngokuphefumula, ukuthintana nesikhumba, noma ngokugwinya.
1. Ukuphefumula Nokucasuka Kwamehlo
Ukuchayeka emsipheni we-formaldehyde kungabangela ukuhlaba, amehlo anamanzi, umuzwa oshisayo ekhaleni nasemphinjeni, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya. Kubantu abazwela kakhulu noma abane-asthma, ukuchayeka ku-formaldehyde kungenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu futhi kubangele ukuhlaselwa.
Ezindaweni ezivaliwe ezinomoya ophansi, umusi we-formaldehyde ungaqongelela futhi ubangele izikhalazo ezinkulu ezifana nesiyezi, isicanucanu kanye nobuthakathaka.
2. Ukucasuka Kwesikhumba Nokulimala
Ukuthintana ngqo ne-formalin kungabangela ukucasuka, ukubomvu, ukusha, ngisho nokuxhumana nesikhumba. Ukuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe kungenza isikhumba sizwele kakhulu futhi sibe sengozini yokungezwani komzimba. Izisebenzi zaselabhorethri noma zezimboni ezivame ukuxhumana ne-formalin kudingeka zigqoke i-PPE efana namagilavu angamelani namakhemikhali kanye nokuvikela amehlo.
3. Ubuthi uma bugwinywa
Ingozi enkulu kakhulu futhi evame ukugqanyiswa yilapho i-formaldehyde ingena emzimbeni ngokudla noma ngesiphuzo. I-Formalin ayiyona into engeziwe yokudla futhi akufanele isetshenziselwe ukulondoloza ukudla. Uma igwinywa, i-formaldehyde ingabangela:
- Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo
- Ukusha emlonyeni, emqaleni, nasesiswini
- Izinkinga ze-metabolic (isb. i-metabolic acidosis)
– Ukulimala kwezitho zomzimba, ikakhulukazi isibindi nezinso, ngemithamo ethile
– Ingozi yokufa ezimweni zobuthi obukhulu
Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi imiphumela ye-formaldehyde ayibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokushesha. Ukuchayeka kancane kodwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kungaholela ezinkingeni zempilo zesikhathi eside.
4. Amandla Okudala Umdlavuza
I-Formaldehyde ihlukaniswe njenge-carcinogen kubantu yizinhlangano eziningana zezempilo zomhlaba wonke. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ngokuphefumula endaweni yokusebenza, kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza womgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu. Le ngozi iyanda ngokuchayeka okuqhubekayo ngaphandle komoya olawulwayo kanye nemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu.
5. Umthelela Kubasebenzi Nasemvelweni
Emikhakheni yezimboni neyelebhu, ingozi enkulu itholwa yizisebenzi ezivezwa nsuku zonke. Ngaphandle kokuphathwa kahle kwezingozi, ukuvezwa kungasakazeka endaweni ezungezile ngemfucuza yoketshezi noma yomhwamuko. Ngakho-ke, i-formalin kumele igcinwe, isetshenziswe, futhi ilahlwe ngokwezinqubo zezinto eziyingozi nezinobuthi (B3).
Ukusetshenziswa Kabi Kwe-Formalin Ekudleni: Kungani Kwenzeka?
Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwe-formalin ekudleni kuvame ukubangelwa yizisusa zomnotho: kungenza imikhiqizo ibonakale intsha, iqinile, futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Kwezinye izimo, i-formalin isetshenziswa kabi ukugcina ama-noodle amanzi, i-tofu, inhlanzi, noma inyama ecutshunguliwe ukuvimbela ukonakala.
Inkinga iwukuthi, abathengi bavame ukuthola kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokudla okuvamile nokudla okuqukethe i-formaldehyde ngokubukeka nje. Ezinye izici ezivame ukucashunwa (nakuba zinganembile ngaso sonke isikhathi) zifaka phakathi iphunga elinamandla, ukuthungwa okuhlafunwayo noma okuqinile, kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu ngokungavamile. Kodwa-ke, indlela enembile kakhulu isese ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri noma ukuhlolwa okusheshayo okunikezwa yiziphathimandla.
Indlela Yokunciphisa Ingozi Yokuchayeka E-Formaldehyde
Kungathathwa izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile zokuvimbela kokubili ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye kanye nelesikhungo.
1. Njengomthengi, thenga ukudla emithonjeni ethembekile, naka amaphunga angavamile kanye nokuthungwa, futhi ugweme imikhiqizo "ezinzile kakhulu" ngaphandle kokuyibeka efrijini.
2. Njengomsebenzi welabhorethri/wezimboni, gqoka i-PPE ephelele (imaski yokuphefumula efanele, amagilavu amelana namakhemikhali, izibuko zokuvikela amehlo), qinisekisa ukuthi umoya ungena kahle, bese ulandela ama-SOP.
3. Indawo yokugcina efanele, i-formalin kumele igcinwe esitsheni esivalwe kahle, esibhalwe ngokucacile, kude nezingane, futhi sihlukaniswe nezimpahla ezisetshenziswayo.
4. Ukuphathwa kwemfucuza, ukulahlwa kwe-formalin akumele kube ngokungahleliwe; kumele kulandele izinqubo zemfucuza ze-B3 ukuze kungangcolisi imvelo.
Isiphetho
I-Formalin iyinhlanganisela enenzuzo enkulu kwezokwelapha, emalabhorethri, nasezimbonini, ikakhulukazi njengesivikelo sezicubu kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza i-resin. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo zayo ezinobuthi nezisebenzayo zenza kube yingozi kubantu uma zichayeka kuyo zingalawulwa, ikakhulukazi uma zigwinywa ngokudla. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwe-formalin njengesivikelo sokudla kubeka impilo yomphakathi engozini futhi kumele kuvinjelwe ngemfundo, ukuqapha, kanye nokuphoqelelwa kwemithetho. Ngokusetshenziswa kahle, izinzuzo ze-formalin zingatholakala ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwabantu kanye nemvelo.
Uma ufisa, ngingalungisa lesi sihloko sibe “ngokwezifundiswa” (ezinezingcaphuno nezinkomba), noma sithandwe kakhulu omagazini/izikole, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lamagama licishe libe amagama ayi-1000 njengoba kudingeka.
