Ukuqonda Isimiso Senzalo Ehlanganisiwe
Inzalo ehlanganisiwe ingenye yemiqondo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezezimali, kungaba ngokonga, ukutshalwa kwezimali, imali mboleko, noma ukuhlela ezezimali kwesikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi bake bezwa ngaleli gama, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu oqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi lisebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani lingaba nomthelela omkhulu kangaka ekukhuleni kwemali yakho. Lesi sihloko sizochaza isimiso senzalo ehlanganisiwe olimini olulula ukuluqonda, kanye nezibonelo ezilula ukuze ukwazi ukusisebenzisa ezinqumweni zakho zezezimali zansuku zonke.
Iyini inzalo ehlanganisiwe?
Kalula nje, inzalo ehlanganisiwe inzalo ebalwa hhayi kuphela ku-principal yokuqala kodwa futhi nasenzalweni esiqongelelwe ngaphambilini. Ngokungafani nenzalo elula, ebala kuphela inzalo ku-principal yokuqala, inzalo ehlanganisiwe ivumela imali ukuthi ikhule ngokushesha ngenxa yomphumela wokuhlanganiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isibonelo, uma ulondoloza kuthuluzi elinikeza imbuyiselo, esikhathini sokuqala uthola inzalo emalini oyifakile. Ezikhathini ezilandelayo, inzalo izobalwa enanini elikhulu, njengoba ingeziwe enzalo yesikhathi esidlule. Lokhu yilokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inzalo ehlanganisiwe."
Isimiso esiyisisekelo: isikhathi yisona sici esinquma kakhulu
Isimiso sokuqala okufanele usiqonde yilesi: inzalo ehlanganisiwe inamandla ngenxa yesikhathi. Uma imali ivunyelwe ukukhula isikhathi eside, umphumela ohlanganisiwe uba mkhulu. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi isihluthulelo sisesayizini wemali yokuqala, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, ukonga isikhathi eside nokuqhubekayo kunethonya elikhulu.
Isibonelo, abantu ababili bonga ngesilinganiso esifanayo sembuyiselo. Umuntu wokuqala uqala eneminyaka engu-20, kanti owesibili eneminyaka engu-30. Ngisho noma amadiphozithi abo efana, umuntu wokuqala ngokuvamile uzoba nembuyiselo yokugcina ephezulu kakhulu ngoba imali yakhe ineminyaka eyi-10 "yenzalo ehlanganisiwe."
Ifomula yenzalo ehlanganisiwe
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungayibala kanjani, nansi ifomula eyisisekelo yenzalo ehlanganisiwe:
A = P (1 + r/n)^(n×t)
Imininingwane:
– A: inani lokugcina (inani lesikhathi esizayo)
– P: uhlamvu lokuqala (inhloko)
– r : izinga lenzalo ngonyaka (ngesimo sedesimali, isibonelo 10% = 0,10)
– n : imvamisa ephindwe kabili ngonyaka (isb. 12 ngenyanga)
– t: inani leminyaka
Uma ukuphinda kabili kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka (n = 1), ifomula iba lula:
A = P (1 + r)^t
Le fomula ikhombisa ukuthi inani lokugcina liyanda ngokushesha, hhayi ngokulandelana. Lona umehluko omkhulu kusuka ku-simple interest.
Isibonelo esilula sokuqonda okulula
Ake sithi unemali yokuqala engu-IDR 10.000.000 bese uthola imbuyiselo engu-10% ngonyaka.
1) Intshisekelo elula (yokuqhathanisa)
Uma izinga lenzalo elilula lingu-10%, uzothola u-Rp1.000.000 unyaka ngamunye (10% ka-Rp10.000.000). Eminyakeni emihlanu, inzalo iyonke izoba ngu-Rp5.000.000, okwenza inani eliphelele libe ngu-Rp15.000.000.
2) Inzalo ehlanganisiwe
Unyaka wokuqala: Rp10.000.000 × 1,10 = Rp11.000.000
Unyaka wesibili: Rp11.000.000 × 1,10 = Rp12.100.000
Unyaka wesithathu: Rp12.100.000 × 1,10 = Rp13.310.000
Unyaka wesine: Rp13.310.000 × 1,10 = Rp14.641.000
Unyaka wesihlanu: Rp14.641.000 × 1,10 = Rp16.105.100
Eminyakeni emi-5, umphumela uba yi-Rp16.105.100—okukhulu kunenzalo elula. Umehluko uzoba mkhulu nakakhulu ngezikhathi ezinde.
Imvamisa ephindwe kabili: minyaka yonke, nyanga zonke, nsuku zonke
Esinye isimiso esibalulekile ukuvama kokuhlanganisa inzalo. Uma inzalo "ingezwa" kaningi ku-principal, imali ikhula ngokushesha. Isibonelo, inzalo engu-12% ngonyaka izoletha inani lokugcina elihlukile uma libalwa minyaka yonke kunenyanga, yize izinga lonyaka lifana.
Empeleni, imikhiqizo eminingi yezezimali ibala isivuno noma inzalo eqongelelwe njalo ngenyanga noma ngisho nsuku zonke. Nakuba umehluko ungase ubonakale umncane esikhathini esifushane, umthelela wesikhathi eside ungaba mkhulu.
Umthetho wama-72: indlela esheshayo yokuphinda kabili imali yakho
Kukhona icebo elidumile lokulinganisa ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi imali yakho iphindwe kabili ngenzalo ehlanganisiwe, elibizwa ngokuthi uMthetho ka-72:
Isikhathi sokuphinda kabili ≈ 72 / izinga lenzalo lonyaka (%)
Isibonelo:
– Uma isivuno singu-8% ngonyaka, imali izophindeka kabili ngo-72/8 = iminyaka eyi-9.
– Uma isivuno singu-12% ngonyaka, imali izophindeka kabili ngo-72/12 = iminyaka eyi-6.
Lokhu kumane nje kuyisilinganiso, kodwa kuyasiza ukuthola umbono osheshayo wamandla okukhula okuhlanganisiwe.
Intshisekelo ehlanganisiwe empilweni yangempela: ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezikweletu
Inzalo ehlanganisiwe ayisebenzi nje kuphela kuwe, ingasebenza futhi ngokumelene nawe—ikakhulukazi ezikweletini ezinenzalo ephezulu.
1) Uma utshala imali
Amathuluzi anjengezimali ezihlangene, amasheya, amabhondi, amadiphozithi, noma izimali zempesheni angakhiqiza imbuyiselo eguquguqukayo, kodwa isimiso sokuqongelela imbuyiselo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sihlala sifana: ukutshala kabusha inzuzo kusheshisa ukukhula. Ngakho-ke, isu "lokutshala kabusha" (ukutshala kabusha inzuzo) livame ukubhekwa njengesihluthulelo sokutshala imali isikhathi eside.
2) Uma unesikweletu
Ngamakhadi esikweletu, imali mboleko yabathengi, noma esinye isikweletu esinenzalo ephezulu, inzalo ehlanganisiwe ingakhula ngokushesha uma ngisho nenkokhelo encane inganele ukumboza inzalo. Abantu bavame ukubhajwa ngoba izikweletu zabo zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yenzalo enqwabelanayo. Ukuqonda inzalo ehlanganisiwe kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele kakhudlwana: ukhokhe isikweletu esinenzalo ephezulu ngokushesha, noma ugweme isikweletu ngamanani enzalo angenakulawuleka.
Izici ezithinta imiphumela yesithakazelo esihlanganisiwe
Kunezici eziningana ezinquma ukuthi uhola malini:
1) Izinga lenzalo/inzuzo (r)
Uma izinga liphezulu, ukukhula kushesha. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo ephezulu ivame ukuza nezingozi eziphakeme.
2) Isikhathi (t)
Uma isikhathi siqhubeka, umphumela ohlanganisiwe uba namandla kakhulu. Lesi yisici esinzima kakhulu "ukusifinyelela" uma uqala sekwephuzile kakhulu.
3) Imvamisa ephindwe kabili (n)
Inyanga ngayinye noma nsuku zonke ngokuvamile ziletha imbuyiselo ephezulu kancane kuneyonyaka.
4) Ukungaguquguquki kwamadiphozithi
Ukubeka eceleni imali njalo (isibonelo, njalo ngenyanga) kungasheshisa ukuqongelela imali, ikakhulukazi uma kwenziwa kusenesikhathi.
Amaphutha avamile lapho kuqondwa inzalo ehlanganisiwe
Amanye amaphutha avamile:
– Uma sicabanga ukuthi inzalo ehlanganisiwe ihlala ikhona ngephesenti elinqunyiwe. Ekutshalweni kwezimali njengamasheya noma izikhwama zokubambisana, imbuyiselo ingaguquguquka.
– Ayinaki izimali kanye nezintela. Izimali zokuphatha, intela yenzalo, noma izindleko zokuthengiselana kunganciphisa imbuyiselo esebenzayo.
– Ukuhlehlisa ukuqala ukutshala imali. Abantu abaningi balinda “isikhathi esifanele,” lapho isikhathi kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu.
– Ungakunaki ukukhuphuka kwentengo. Inani lemali yesikhathi esizayo lingancishiswa ukukhuphuka kwentengo; ngakho-ke, khetha amathuluzi anganqoba ukukhuphuka kwentengo uma imigomo yakho ingeyesikhathi eside.
Indlela yokusebenzisa kahle inzalo ehlanganisiwe
Nazi ezinye izinyathelo eziwusizo ongazithatha:
1) Qala kusenesikhathi ngangokunokwenzeka, noma ngabe kuncane.
2) Tshala imali njalo (indlela yokukhokha ngezitolimende/ukutshalwa kwezimali ngezikhathi ezithile).
3) Tshala kabusha inzuzo, ungakhiphi inzuzo ngokushesha uma umgomo wakho ungowesikhathi eside.
4) Khetha amathuluzi ngokwephrofayili yakho yengozi kanye nemigomo (ukonga okuphuthumayo kuhlukile kwezimali zempesheni).
5) Gwema izikweletu ezinenzalo ephezulu ezinganqoba ukukhula kokutshalwa kwezimali kwakho.
I-Penutup
Ukuqonda isimiso senzalo ehlanganisiwe kukusiza ukuthi ubheke imali hhayi nje njengento okufanele ilondolozwe, kodwa njengento "engasebenza" ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhambisana, kanye nesu elifanele, inzalo ehlanganisiwe ingaba ithuluzi elilula kodwa elinamandla lokufeza imigomo yezezimali—kusukela ekuxhasweni kwezemfundo kuya ekuthengeni ikhaya kuya emhlalaphansi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ingaqondakali, inzalo ehlanganisiwe ezikweletini ingaba umthwalo omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho usheshe uyiqonde futhi uyisebenzise, kulapho izinzuzo ongathola khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziba zinkulu.
