Indlela Yokuqala Ukutshala Imali Emakethe Yezimpahla
Imakethe yezimpahla iwuhlobo lwemakethe yezezimali ehweba ngezinto zokusetshenziswa noma imikhiqizo eyinhloko. Izimpahla ezivame ukuthengiswa zifaka igolide, isiliva, uwoyela, ikhofi, neminye imikhiqizo yezolimo. Ukutshala imali emakethe yezimpahla kungahlinzeka ngokwahlukana kwephothifoliyo kanye nethuba elihle lenzuzo. Kodwa-ke, njengazo zonke izimali, ukutshala imali emakethe yezimpahla kuthwala izingozi okumele ziqondwe futhi ziphathwe. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza isiqondiso sendlela yokuqala ukutshala imali emakethe yezimpahla.
1. Qonda Izinhlobo Zezimpahla Ezitholakalayo
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala imali emakethe yezimpahla, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpahla ongatshala kuzo imali. Ngokuvamile, impahla ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine eziyinhloko:
– Izinsimbi eziyigugu: njengegolide, isiliva, iplatinum kanye ne-palladium.
– Amandla: njengowoyela ongahluziwe, igesi yemvelo, kanye namalahle.
– Imikhiqizo yezolimo: njengokolweni, ummbila, ubhontshisi kanye nekhofi.
– Imikhiqizo yehlathi: njengokhuni nerabha.
Isigaba ngasinye sinezici zaso kanye nezici ezithonya amanani. Isibonelo, amanani kawoyela angathonywa kakhulu yizinqubomgomo ze-OPEC kanye nezimo zezwe, kuyilapho amanani emikhiqizo yezolimo evame ukuthintwa yisimo sezulu kanye nezinkathi zokuvuna.
2. Zifundise Ngezimakethe Zezimpahla
Ukufunda izisekelo zemakethe yezimpahla kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala imali. Kunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakalayo zokukusiza uqonde ukuthi imakethe yezimpahla isebenza kanjani, okuhlanganisa izincwadi, izifundo eziku-inthanethi, kanye nezihloko. Ezinye izincwadi ezinconywayo zabaqalayo emakethe yezimpahla zifaka phakathi "Izinto Ezishisayo" nguJim Rogers kanye "Umhlahlandlela Wabaqalayo Wezimpahla" nguMatthew Krantz.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amawebhusayithi amaningi nezinsizakalo zezindaba zinikeza ukuhlaziywa kwakamuva kanye nezindaba emakethe yezimpahla. Ukuhambisana nalezi zinguquko kuzokusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezingcono zokutshala imali.
3. Nquma Imigomo Yakho Yokutshala Imali
Wonke umtshali-zimali kufanele abe nomgomo ocacile ngaphambi kokutshala imali. Ingabe umgomo wakho ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho, ukuvikela, noma ukufuna inzuzo yesikhashana? Izinhloso ezicacile zizokusiza ukhethe isu lokutshala imali elifanele futhi uphathe ubungozi ngempumelelo enkulu.
4. Khetha Uhlobo Lwethuluzi Lokutshala Imali
Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala imali emakethe yezimpahla. Ezinye zezindlela ezivame kakhulu zifaka:
– Izinkontileka Zesikhathi Esizayo: Lena indlela eqondile yokutshala imali ezimpahleni. Ngenkontileka yesikhathi esizayo, uyavuma ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa inani elithile lempahla ngentengo okuvunyelwene ngayo ngosuku oluzayo.
– Izinketho: Izinketho zinikeza ilungelo, kodwa hhayi isibopho, sokuthenga noma ukuthengisa impahla esikhathini esizayo ngentengo evunyelwene ngayo.
– Izimali Zokubambisana Zempahla noma ama-ETF: Lena indlela elula nehlukahlukene yokutshala imali ezimpahleni. Izimali zokubambisana noma ama-ETF anezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpahla noma amasheya ezinkampani ezibandakanyeka ekukhiqizweni kwezimpahla.
– Amasheya Enkampani Yezimpahla: Ungatshala imali ngokuthenga amasheya ezinkampani ezibandakanyeka ekukhiqizweni, ekucutshungulweni, noma ekusatshalalisweni kwezimpahla ezithile.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwethuluzi lokutshala imali lunezinzuzo nezinkinga zalo. Izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo nezinketho ngokuvamile zidinga ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nolwazi, kuyilapho izimali ezihlangene kanye nama-ETF zivame ukufinyeleleka kalula kubatshalizimali abasafufusa.
5. Khetha uMthengisi Ofanele
Ukukhetha umthengisi ofanele kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekutshalweni kwezimali kwezimpahla. Funa umthengisi onikeza izimali zokuhweba ezifanele, ipulatifomu yokuhweba elula ukuyisebenzisa, kanye nokusekelwa kwamakhasimende okuhle kakhulu. Abanye abathengisi banikeza namathuluzi okufundisa kanye nezinsiza ezingasiza kakhulu kubatshalizimali abasaqalayo.
6. Yenza Ucwaningo Nokuhlaziya
Ngaphambi kokutshala imali, yenza ucwaningo olujulile kanye nokuhlaziya ngempahla oyithandayo. Funda ngezinto ezithinta intengo yayo, njengokutholakala kanye nesidingo, izimo zezulu, izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni, kanye nezepolitiki. Abatshalizimali abaningi basebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kanye nobuchwepheshe njengengxenye yocwaningo lwabo.
– Ukuhlaziywa Okuyisisekelo: Kuhlola izici zezomnotho, zezimali, nezinye ezithonya ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imibiko yokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa, kanye neyokugcina impahla.
– Ukuhlaziywa Kobuchwepheshe: Ukuhlola amaphethini omlando wokunyakaza kwentengo kanye nezinkomba zezibalo ukuze kubikezelwe ukunyakaza kwentengo kwesikhathi esizayo.
7. I-Investment Diversification
Ukuhlukahluka kungenye yezimiso ezibalulekile zokutshala imali. Ungafaki yonke imali yakho empahleni eyodwa noma ithuluzi lokutshala imali. Kunalokho, sabalalisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho ezimpahleni noma ezimpahleni ezahlukene ukuze unciphise ubungozi. Isibonelo, uma utshala imali ku-oyili, cabanga nangokuba nezikhundla kwezinye izinto ezifana negolide noma imikhiqizo yezolimo.
8. Lawula Ingozi Yakho
Ukutshala imali emakethe yezimpahla kungaba yinto eguquguqukayo kakhulu futhi eyingozi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo lokuphatha ubungozi olunengqondo. Amanye amasu ongawasebenzisa afaka phakathi ukubeka ama-oda okulahlekelwa yimali, ukungatshali imali engaphezu kwalokho ongakwazi ukukulahlekelwa, kanye nokubuyekeza njalo nokulungisa iphothifoliyo yakho.
9. Sebenzisa i-Akhawunti Yedemo
Abathengisi abaningi banikeza ama-akhawunti edemo akuvumela ukuthi uzijwayeze ukuhweba ngemali ebonakalayo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imali yangempela. Ama-akhawunti edemo ayindlela enhle yokuqonda ukuthi imakethe isebenza kanjani nokuthuthukisa amasu ngaphandle kwengozi yezezimali.
10. Qala Ngokutshala Imali Okuncane
Ekugcineni, uma usukulungele ukuqala ngemali yangempela, qala ngokutshala imali okuncane. Lokhu kuzokunikeza ithuba lokufunda nokuzivumelanisa nemakethe ngaphandle kokuthatha izingozi ezinkulu. Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka futhi uba nokuzethemba okwengeziwe, ungandisa kancane kancane inani lakho lokutshalwa kwezimali.
Isiphetho
Ukutshala imali emakethe yezimpahla kungaba yindlela enenzuzo yokuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yakho nokufeza imigomo yakho yezezimali. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda izingozi ezihilelekile nokwenza ucwaningo olunzulu nokuhlaziya ngaphambi kokutshala imali. Ngokulandela izinyathelo ezingenhla nokuqhubeka nokufunda, ungaba ngumtshali-zimali wezimpahla ophumelelayo. Khumbula njalo ukuthi uqaphele futhi ugweme ukuthatha izingozi ezingaphezu kwamandla akho.
