Amasu Okunakekela Isikhumba Ezigulini Ezinezilonda Zokucindezeleka
Isilonda sokucindezeleka siwumonakalo esikhumbeni nasezicutshini ezingaphansi okubangelwa ukucindezeleka isikhathi eside, ukungqubuzana, noma ukucheba, ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezivelele emathanjeni njengethambo lomsila, izithende, izinqe, izindololwane, nomhlane. Lesi simo sivame ukuthinta iziguli ezilele embhedeni, eziboshwe esihlalweni sabakhubazekile, ezinokunyakaza okulinganiselwe, imizwa ephazamisekile, ezingondlekile kahle, noma ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona. Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba okufanele kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela izilonda zokucindezeleka ukuthi zingabi zimbi, kusheshiswe ukuphulukiswa, kuncishiswe ubuhlungu, futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngamasu okunakekela isikhumba angasetshenziswa ngokuhlelekile ezigulini ezinezilonda zokucindezeleka.
1. Qonda imigomo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba kwezilonda ezicindezelayo
Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba kweziguli ezinezilonda ezicindezelayo akukhona nje “ukuhlanza inxeba,” kodwa uchungechunge lwezenzo: (1) ukugcina ukuhlanzeka kanye nomswakama wesikhumba olinganiselayo, (2) ukuvikela isikhumba ekukhuculukeni komzimba okucasulayo, (3) ukunciphisa ukulimala okuvela ekungqubuzaneni nasekugundeni amandla, (4) ukudala indawo efanele yokuphulukisa inxeba, kanye (5) nokubona izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka noma umonakalo omusha wesikhumba. Ngokuqonda le migomo, abahlengikazi kanye nemindeni bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa, njengokuthi nini lapho kufanele kusetshenziswe khona ama-barrier cream, nini lapho kufanele kushintshwe khona ama-dressing, nokuthi nini lapho kufanele kuboniswe khona uchwepheshe wezempilo.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba njalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi
Indlela eyisisekelo kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okuvamile, okungenani kanye ngosuku, futhi kaningi ezigulini ezisengozini enkulu (isib., labo abangakwazi ukuzibamba noma ukujuluka ngokweqile). Ukuhlolwa kufanele kufake: ukubomvu okuqhubekayo nokucindezeleka okuncane, ukufudumala, ukuvuvukala, ukuthamba, izindawo ezikhanyayo, amabhamuza, noma ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba okumnyama (ngokuvamile okumpunga noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Izindawo okufanele uzihlole zifaka phakathi i-sacrum/tailbone, izinqe, izithende, amaqakala, izinqe, amathanga, umhlane, amahlombe, ngisho nangemuva kwekhanda ezigulini ebezilele phansi isikhathi eside. Ukuhlolwa kwengozi kusetshenziswa amathuluzi anjenge-Braden scale (uma ikhona) kusiza ekunqumeni imvamisa yokushintsha indawo, isidingo sokufakwa kwe-padding ekhethekile, kanye nokuqina kokunakekelwa kwesikhumba.
3. Ukuhlanzeka kwesikhumba: hlanza ngendlela "emnene"
Isikhumba seziguli ezinezilonda ezicindezelekile sibuthakathaka kakhulu. Ukuhlanza okunamandla kungalimaza isithiyo sokuvikela isikhumba futhi kwandise inxeba. Isihluthulelo ukuba mnene, ube mnene, futhi uqonde.
1. Sebenzisa isihlanzi esine-pH elinganiselayo (esingcono kunensipho eqinile) ukuze unciphise ukucasuka.
2. Gwema amanzi ashisa kakhulu ngoba angasusa amafutha emvelo esikhumba.
3. Yomisa kancane, ungahlikihli. Ukuhlikihla kwandisa ukungqubuzana futhi kungaholela ekulimaleni okusha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibomvu.
4. Hlanza indawo yenxeba ngokwenqubo: ngokuvamile sebenzisa uketshezi olunconywe uchwepheshe wezempilo (ngokuvamile oluyisisombululo se-saline esingenamagciwane), hhayi isibulala-magciwane esinamandla ngaphandle kwesincomo, ngoba amanye ama-antiseptic angalimaza izicubu ezinempilo uma esetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele.
4. Lawula umswakama: vimbela isikhumba ukuthi singamanzi kakhulu noma some kakhulu.
Umswakama owedlulele (isibonelo, ovela ekujulukeni, emchameni, noma endle) ubangela ukubola: isikhumba sibonakala simhlophe, sithambile, futhi sidabukile kalula. Kodwa-ke, isikhumba esomile kakhulu naso sivame ukuqhekeka nokulimala. Ngakho-ke, ukulinganisela kubalulekile.
– Esikhumbeni esomile: Faka i-moisturizer njalo esikhumbeni esiphelele, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokugeza. Khetha i-moisturizer engenaphunga ukuze unciphise ingozi yokucasuka.
– Kwesikhumba esivame ukuchama/indle: Sebenzisa ukhilimu ovimbelayo njenge-zinc oxide noma i-dimethicone ezindaweni ezibucayi (isb., i-groin, izinqe, kanye ne-perineum). Ukusebenzisa ukhilimu ovimbelayo kunciphisa ukuthintana ngqo koketshezi olucasulayo nesikhumba.
– Shintsha amanabukeni/amaphedi ngokushesha nje lapho emanzi noma engcolile. Ukulibazisa ukushintsha amanabukeni kwandisa ingozi ye-dermatitis ehlobene nokungakwazi ukuzibamba futhi kusheshise ukwakheka kwezilonda.
Ukuphathwa komswakama kuyisisekelo sokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ngoba izilonda eziningi zokucindezeleka ziyanda hhayi nje ngenxa yokucindezeleka, kodwa futhi ngoba isikhumba sihlala simanzi futhi sicasukile.
5. Nciphisa ingcindezi: ukubeka kabusha indawo kanye nokusebenzisa amadivayisi okusiza
Akukho ukwelashwa kokunakekelwa kwesikhumba okuzosebenza uma ingcindezi endaweni yenxeba ingalawulwa. Amasu okunakekelwa kwesikhumba kumele ahambisane nokuphathwa kwengcindezi.
– Ukuhlelwa kabusha kokubekwa: Iziguli eziphumule embhedeni ngokuvamile zidinga ukushintsha indawo yazo njalo (isib., njalo emahoreni ama-2, kuye ngesimo sazo sempilo). Abantu abasebenzisa izihlalo zabakhubazekile bangadinga ukushintsha indawo yabo njalo.
– Sebenzisa umcamelo noma “i-wedge” ukuze unciphise ingcindezi ethanjeni eliphumayo, isibonelo, sekela umhlane wakho nge-engeli engama-degree angu-30 ukuze i-sacrum ingacindezelwa ngqo.
– Vikela izithende zakho: Isithende siyindawo evamile yezilonda okunzima ukuzelapha. Sebenzisa isekelo “esiphakamisa” isithende sakho sisuke kumatilasi (ukukhipha isithende).
– Gwema “imicamelo yama-donut” ye-sacrum/izinqe ngoba ingandisa ingcindezi emaphethelweni futhi iphazamise ukuhamba kwegazi.
– Sebenzisa umatrasi noma iphedi elilwa nokucindezela (igwebu elikhethekile, ukucindezela okushintshanayo) ngokwezidingo kanye namakhono esikhungo.
Umgomo oyinhloko ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni yokucindezela ukuze izicubu zithole umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba.
6. Nciphisa ukungqubuzana kanye namandla okucheba lapho uhambisa iziguli.
Ukungqubuzana nokucheba kuvame ukwenzeka lapho isiguli sidonswa amashidi okulala noma lapho i-headboard iphakeme kakhulu, okubangela ukuba umzimba ugobe. Ukulimala kokucheba kungabangela izilonda ukuba zijule.
– Sebenzisa ishidi lesilayidi lapho uhambisa indawo yesiguli.
– Phakamisa, ungadonsi umzimba wesiguli uma ushintsha indawo.
– Lungisa ikhanda lombhede libe endaweni ephakanyisiwe, kungabi phezulu kakhulu isikhathi eside uma kungadingeki, ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuwa.
– Gqoka izingubo ezibushelelezi, ezingenamibimbi; lungisa amashidi akho ukuze kungabikho mibimbi esikhumbeni sakho.
Le ndlela ivame ukubonakala ilula, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezindala ezinesikhumba esincane.
7. Ukunakekelwa kwamanxeba kanye nokubopha: ukukhetha okulungile nokuyishintsha ngendlela efanele
Ama-dressing agcina indawo emanzi esekela ukuphulukiswa, amunca uketshezi oluningi, avikele ekungcoleni, futhi anciphise ubuhlungu. Ama-dressing ayahlukahluka (i-foam, i-hydrocolloid, i-alginate, nezinye) futhi kufanele anqunywe uchwepheshe wezempilo ngokusekelwe esigabeni sesilonda, inani le-exudate, iphunga, kanye nesimo sesikhumba esizungezile.
Izimiso zokunakekelwa okuphephile kokugqoka:
– Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa.
– Shintsha i-dressing njengoba kuhleliwe noma ngokushesha uma iba manzi, ingcolile, noma ixega.
– Vikela isikhumba esizungeze inxeba ngefilimu/ukhilimu ovimbelayo uma sivame ukuchayeka oketshezini lwenxeba.
– Ungalikhiphi ibhandeji ngenkani. Uma linamathela, manzisa njengoba kuqondiswe ukuze ugweme ukulimaza izicubu ezintsha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kunezicubu ezifile (i-necrosis) noma izimpawu zokutheleleka, isiguli sidinga ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe ngoba kungadinga ukususwa kwezicubu noma ukwelashwa okukhethekile.
8. Ukusekelwa kokudla okunempilo kanye nomswakama kwesikhumba esinempilo
Isikhumba namanxeba kudinga amaprotheni, amakhalori, amavithamini, kanye namaminerali ukwakha izicubu. Ukungondleki kahle kwenza kube nzima ngamanxeba ukuphola futhi kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Ngokuvamile:
– Iphrotheni eyanele ukwakheka kwezicubu ezintsha.
– Phuza uketshezi olwanele ukuze isikhumba sakho singomi kalula futhi ukujikeleza kwegazi kube kuhle.
– Ama-micronutrients afana ne-vitamin C ne-zinc avame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuphulukiswa, kodwa ukwengezwa kufanele kusekelwe ekuhlolweni kochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze kugwenywe izinkomba ezidlulele noma ezingafanele.
Uma isiguli sinenkinga yokudla ngenxa yesicanucanu, izinkinga zokugwinya, noma ezinye izimo, ukubonisana nodokotela ngokudla kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe isu (ukuthungwa kokudla, ukudla okuncane njalo, noma ukudla okunomsoco kwamathumbu uma kudingeka).
9. Izimpawu zengozi: nini lapho kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha
Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba ekhaya kufanele kuhambisane nokuqapha njalo. Xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngokushesha uma:
– Inxeba liyajula noma liba banzi, noma kuvela amanxeba amasha.
– Kukhona ubomvu, iphunga elinamandla, ukubomvu okusabalele, isikhumba esishisayo esizungezile, noma ubuhlungu obandayo.
– Isiguli sinomkhuhlane, siyagodola, noma sibonakala sibuthakathaka.
– Indwangu ihlale igcwala ngokushesha uketshezi noma ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka.
– Izindawo ezimnyama ziyavela esikhumbeni (mhlawumbe i-necrosis) noma amabhamuza amakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungavimbela izifo ezinkulu kanye nezinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.
Isiphetho
Amasu okunakekela isikhumba ezigulini ezinezilonda zokucindezeleka ahlanganisa ukuhlolwa njalo, ukuhlanzeka okumnene, ukuphathwa komswakama, ukukhululeka kwengcindezi ngokubeka kabusha izindawo kanye namadivayisi okusiza, ukuvimbela ukungqubuzana kanye nokucheba ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, kanye nokukhethwa kwezingubo ezifanele. Le mizamo kufanele isekelwe ngokudla okwanele kanye nomswakama, kanye nokuqapha izimpawu ezixwayisayo ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Ngendlela ephelele nehambisanayo, izilonda zokucindezeleka zingavinjelwa ukuthi zingabi zimbi futhi amathuba okuphulukiswa athuthuke kakhulu.
