Umehluko Phakathi Kwezinhlanzi Zasolwandle Nezinhlanzi Zamanzi Ahlanzekile
Inhlanzi ingenye yemithombo esetshenziswa kakhulu yamaprotheni ezilwane ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. E-Indonesia, ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlanzi kuningi kakhulu ngenxa yezimo zayo zendawo ezihlanganisa ulwandle olukhulu, imifula, amachibi, amaxhaphozi, namachibi. Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi zingahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe endaweni yazo yokuhlala, okungukuthi izinhlanzi zasolwandle kanye nezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile. Nakuba zombili zifakiwe eqenjini lezilwane zasemanzini, lezi ezimbili zinomehluko ocacile ezicini eziningi—kusukela endaweni yazo yokuhlala, izinqubo zokuzivumelanisa nomzimba, izici zokunambitha, kuya enanini lokudla okunempilo kanye nezindlela zokucubungula. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngomehluko phakathi kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle nezamanzi ahlanzekile ngokuphelele ukuze kube lula ngabafundi ukukhetha uhlobo lwezinhlanzi olufanela izidingo zabo.
1. Umehluko phakathi Kwendawo Yokuhlala Nemvelo
Umehluko oyinhloko usezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zihlala emanzini anosawoti amaningi, njengezilwandle, izilwandle, kanye namanzi asogwini. Usawoti ojwayelekile wamanzi olwandle ucishe ube ngu-3,5% (35‰), yize lokhu kungahluka kuye ngesifunda kanye nokujula.
Okwamanje, izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile zihlala emanzini anosawoti ophansi kakhulu, njengemifula, amachibi, amadamu, amaxhaphozi, kanye namachibi. Amanzi ahlanzekile anosawoti ongaphansi kuka-0,5‰. Izindawo zezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile nazo ngokuvamile ziyashintshashintsha kakhulu; isibonelo, amazinga okushisa kanye nokukhukhuleka angashintshashintsha kakhulu ngenxa yemvula, ukugeleza komfula, noma izinguquko zesizini. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zivame ukuhlala ezimweni ezizinzile, ikakhulukazi olwandle olujulile, yize izindawo ezisogwini nazo zithintwa amagagasi kanye nokungcola.
2. Umehluko endleleni umzimba ovumelana ngayo (i-Osmoregulation)
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo kuwumehluko oyinhloko ovame ukungabonakali emehlweni. Izinhlanzi kumele zigcine ibhalansi yoketshezi nosawoti emizimbeni yazo. Ezinhlanzini zasolwandle, amanzi azungezile anosawoti omningi kunoketshezi lwazo lomzimba. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi zasolwandle zivame ukulahlekelwa amanzi ngenxa ye-osmosis. Ukuze zinqobe lokhu, izinhlanzi zasolwandle ziphuza amanzi amaningi olwandle futhi zikhiphe usawoti omningi nge-gill yazo, okukhiqiza umchamo omncane.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zihlala endaweni "encibilikisiwe" kakhulu kunoketshezi lomzimba wazo. Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi avame ukungena emzimbeni wezinhlanzi njalo. Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile azidingi ukuphuza kakhulu. Esikhundleni salokho, zikhipha amanzi angaphezulu ngomchamo omkhulu, oncibilikisiwe kakhulu futhi zimunce usawoti endaweni ezungezile ngama-gill azo nangokudla.
Lo mehluko ezindleleni ubalulekile ngoba ubonisa ukuthi izinhlanzi zasolwandle nezasemanzini ahlanzekile zinezinhlelo zomzimba eziklanyelwe ngqo izindawo zazo zokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, ukudlulisela izinhlanzi zasolwandle emanzini ahlanzekile (noma okuphambene nalokho) ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezikhethekile zokuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nobuchwepheshe ngokuvamile kuzobangela ukucindezeleka ngisho nokufa.
3. Umehluko Ngezinhlobo Nezibonelo Zezinhlanzi
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlala emanzini avulekile noma ezindaweni ezisogwini. Izibonelo zezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezidumile e-Indonesia zifaka phakathi i-tuna, i-skipjack tuna, i-skipjack tuna, i-red snapper, i-grouper, i-mackerel, ama-sardine, i-mackerel, i-pompano, kanye ne-trevally. Ezinye izinhlanzi zihlala eduze kwezindawo zamakhorali, ezivame ukuba nemibala egqamile.
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zitshalwa kabanzi ngenxa yokuthi kulula ukuzitshala emachibini, emakhejini, noma emachibini ahlanzekile. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-catfish, i-tilapia, i-mujair, i-gourami, i-carp, i-patin, i-snakehead, i-climbing perch, kanye ne-freshwater pompano. Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile nazo ziza ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezithile kwezinye izindawo.
4. Umehluko Ekubunjweni Kwenyama, Iphunga, Nokunambitha
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti zinokunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu kanye nephunga elihlukile, kanti izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile ngezinye izikhathi zingaba nephunga "elinodaka" noma "elifana nomhlaba". Lo mehluko awuhlali uphelele, kodwa uvame ukuvela ngenxa yendawo yokuhlala kanye nokudla.
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti zivame ukudla izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ezifana ne-plankton, izilwane ezincane ezihlala emanzini anosawoti, noma ezinye izinhlanzi. Okuqukethwe kwamaminerali emanzini olwandle nakho kungathinta ukunambitheka kwawo, kukwenze kube nosawoti omningi futhi kube mnandi ngisho noma kungekho zinongo eziningi. Inyama yezinhlanzi ezithile zasemanzini anosawoti—njenge-tuna kanye ne-mackerel—ivame ukuba lukhuni futhi ibe ne-fiber.
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile, ikakhulukazi lezo ezifuywa emachibini anodaka noma emanzini amile, zingamunca amakhemikhali athile endaweni ezungezile, zizenze zibe nephunga "elinodaka". Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungancishiswa ngokuphathwa kahle kwechibi, ukucwiliswa emanzini, noma amasu okucubungula njengokusebenzisa i-lime, i-ginger, nezinongo. Ngokwesimo, ezinye izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile, njenge-catfish, zivame ukuba mnene futhi zinonile, kuyilapho i-gourami inenyama ejiyile kanye nemicu eqinile.
5. Umehluko Kokuqukethwe Kokudla Okunomsoco
Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti kanye nezamanzi ahlanzekile zinomsoco kakhulu: zicebile ngamaprotheni, amavithamini (njengevithamini D kanye namavithamini e-B amaningana), kanye namaminerali. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningana ezixoxwa ngazo njalo:
– I-Omega-3: Izinhlanzi eziningi zasolwandle, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi zasemanzini ajulile njenge-salmon, ama-sardine, ama-mackerel, kanye ne-tuna, zaziwa ngokucebile ngama-omega-3 fatty acid (EPA kanye ne-DHA) amahle empilweni yenhliziyo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho.
– Amafutha: Izinhlanzi ezithile zasemanzini ahlanzekile njenge-catfish nazo zinamafutha, kodwa ukwakheka kwamafutha azo kungahluka futhi ngokuvamile ziphansi ku-omega-3 kunezinye izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti, nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
– Amaminerali: Izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti zivame ukuba namazinga aphezulu amaminerali athile (isib. i-iodine) ngenxa yendawo yasolwandle ecebile ngamaminerali.
Kodwa-ke, inani lokudla okunomsoco liphinde lithonywe uhlobo lwenhlanzi, ubudala, ukudla okuphakelayo, kanye nezindlela zokutshala. I-tilapia ephakelwa ukudla okulawulwayo ingaba nekhwalithi enhle yokudla okunomsoco, kuyilapho izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezibanjwe ezindaweni ezithile zingahluka ngokuqukethwe kwazo kokudla okunomsoco.
6. Umehluko Phakathi Kwengozi Yokungcola Nokuphepha Kokusetshenziswa
Uhlobo ngalunye lwenhlanzi lunezingozi okudingeka zicatshangelwe. Izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti zingase zichayeke ezinhlotsheni zensimbi ezisindayo njenge-mercury, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezinkulu, eziphila isikhathi eside ezidla ezinye (njenge-tuna enkulu kanye ne-swordfish). Ngakho-ke, amanye amaqembu, njengabesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane, ngokuvamile ayelulekwa ukuba akhethe izinhlanzi ezinamazinga aphansi e-mercury futhi alinganisele ubukhulu besabelo sazo.
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zisengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga zekhwalithi yamanzi lapho zitshalwa. Uma amachibi engcolisiwe noma ukuphathwa kokudla kanye nokuhlanzeka kukubi, izinhlanzi zingaba nephunga noma zithwale amagciwane athile. Kodwa-ke, ukutshalwa kwezinhlanzi kwanamuhla, okuphethwe kahle kungakhiqiza izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile eziphephile nezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Iphuzu elibalulekile: ukuphepha kwezinhlanzi akunqunywa kuphela ngokuthi zingolwandle noma zingolwandle, kodwa umthombo wazo, izindlela zokuphatha, kanye nokuhlanzeka kochungechunge lokusabalalisa.
7. Umehluko Wamanani Nokutholakala Kwawo
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zivame ukuba namanani azinzile emakethe ngoba izimpahla zingakhiqizwa unyaka wonke ngokufuywa kwasekhaya. Izinhlanzi ezifana ne-catfish, i-tilapia, kanye ne-pangasius ngokuvamile zitholakala kalula futhi zingabizi kakhulu.
Amanani ezinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti angaba mancane ngenxa yezinkathi zokudoba, isimo sezulu, amagagasi, izindleko zikaphethiloli, kanye nebanga eliphakathi kwamachweba nezimakethe. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezisogwini, izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti zingaba zishibhile futhi zibe zintsha kunezinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile.
8. Umehluko Ezindleleni Zokucubungula Ezivamile
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zivame ukulungiswa ngokuzithosa, ukuzithosa, ukuzibhema, noma ukwenza ama-pepes (inhlanzi ephekiwe ngomusi) kanye nama-sauces amuncu ngenxa yokunambitheka kwazo okunamandla kwemvelo kanye nekhono lazo lokuhlanganisa nezinongo ezilula. Izinhlanzi ezifana ne-tuna kanye ne-skipjack tuna nazo zivame ukugcinwa njenge-pindang noma izinhlanzi eziqoshiwe.
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zivame ukuphekwa njengokudla okuthosiwe, i-pecel lele (isaladi ye-catfish), i-gulai (i-curry), isobho, noma i-pindang patin (isosi ye-patin fish). Ukuze banciphise iphunga elihlukile, abantu bavame ukwengeza izinongo ezinamandla njenge-turmeric, i-ginger, i-galangal, i-lemongrass, namaqabunga e-lime.
Isiphetho
Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti kanye nezamanzi ahlanzekile uhlanganisa indawo yokuhlala, indlela umzimba ozivumelanisa ngayo namazinga kasawoti, izinhlobo nezibonelo zezinhlanzi, ukunambitheka kanye nezici zokuthungwa, okuqukethwe kokudla okunomsoco, ingozi yokungcola, intengo, kanye namasu okucubungula. Izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti ngokuvamile zivelele ekunambithekeni kwazo okumnandi kanti ezinye izinhlobo zicebile ngama-omega-3, kuyilapho izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti kulula ukuzikhulisa, zitholakala njalo, futhi zivame ukuthengeka kalula. Ekugcineni, ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ezidingweni zakho, ekunambithekeni kwakho, kanye nokufinyelela kwakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izinhlanzi ezintsha, ezitholakala emthonjeni othembekile, futhi ezilungiselelwe ngokuhlanzeka ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo zazo zokudla okunempilo.
