Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinhlobo Zezinhlanzi Olwandle
Ezilwandlekazini ezinkulu, izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezinhlanzi zihlala ngezindlela eziningi, ubukhulu, nemibala. Kusukela ekujuleni okumnyama kolwandle kuya ezitsheni zamakhorali eziphila kahle neziphilayo, izinhlanzi zidlala indima ebalulekile ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle. Ukuze siqonde kangcono lokhu kuhlukahluka, singahlukanisa izinhlanzi ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, njengendawo yokuhlala, ukuziphatha, kanye nesimo somzimba. Okulandelayo ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasolwandle okungasisiza siqonde ukuhlukahluka kwempilo yasolwandle.
1. Ngokusekelwe endaweni yokuhlala
a. Inhlanzi Yezimila Ezibomvu
Izinhlanzi zasePelagic yizinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini avulekile, kude nolwandle noma ogwini. Zivame ukutholakala ongqimbeni olungaphezulu kanye nendawo ye-epipelagic, esukela kumamitha angu-0 kuya kwangu-200 ngaphansi kolwandle. Izibonelo zezinhlanzi zasePelagic zifaka phakathi i-tuna, i-mackerel, kanye nezinhlanzi ezindizayo. Izinhlanzi zasePelagic zivame ukwaziwa ngamakhono azo okubhukuda okusheshayo kanye nokunyakaza okubanzi, zivame ukufuduka amabanga amade ukuze ziyodla noma zizale.
b. Inhlanzi yaseDemersal
Izinhlanzi zaseDemersal zihlala phansi kolwandle noma eduze kwalo. Zitholakala endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-benthic zone. Izinhlanzi zaseDemersal ngokuvamile zinemibala emnyama noma enamabala ukuze zizifihle ezidla ezinye izilwane noma ezidla ezinye. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-cod, i-groupers, kanye ne-flatfish. Lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukuba nezindlela ezikhethekile zokuhlala phansi kolwandle, njengomzimba oyisicaba noma amaphiko azivumela ukuthi ziphumule phansi kolwandle.
2. Ngokusekelwe Efomini Ebonakalayo
a. Inhlanzi Enobuthi (i-Acanthopterygii)
Izinhlanzi kuleli qembu zinamaphiko asekelwa yizinhlungu eziqinile nezibukhali. Ngokuvamile zinemizimba ethambile neguquguqukayo. Izibonelo zezinhlanzi ezinama-spiny zifaka phakathi ama-yellowtail, ama-ray, kanye ne-clownfish. Lezi zinhlanzi zisebenzisa izinhlungu zazo njengesivikelo ezitheni.
b. Inhlanzi Ethambile (iMalacopterygii)
Lezi zinhlanzi zinamaphiko akhiwe ngezicubu ezithambile neziguquguqukayo. Ngokuvamile zinemizimba ethambile futhi ayibukhali kangako kuneyezinhlanzi ezinama-spiny. Izibonelo zezinhlanzi ezinamagobolondo athambile zifaka phakathi i-herring, i-salmon, kanye ne-catfish. Lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukusebenzisa amanye amasu okuzivikela, njengokufihla noma ukubhukuda ngamaqembu amakhulu.
3. Ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni nasendleleni yokuphila
a. Inhlanzi yaseMangsang
Izinhlanzi ezidla inyama, noma izinhlanzi ezidla inyama, yizinhlanzi ezidla ezinye izinhlanzi noma izilwane zasolwandle. Ngokuvamile zinamazinyo abukhali kanye nemihlathi eqinile yokubamba inyamazane. Izibonelo zezinhlanzi ezidla inyama zifaka oshaka, ama-barracuda, nama-marlin. Lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukuhlala phezulu ochungechungeni lokudla futhi zingathinta inani lezinye izinhlobo endaweni yokuphila yasolwandle.
b. Inhlanzi Edla Uhlaza
Ngokungafani nezinhlanzi ezidla inyama, izinhlanzi ezidla uhlaza zidla izitshalo zasolwandle, njenge-algae kanye ne-phytoplankton. Zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yezindawo zemvelo zama-coral reef. Izibonelo zezinhlanzi ezidla uhlaza zifaka phakathi i-parrotfish, i-rabbitfish, kanye ne-surgeonfish. Lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukuba namazinyo akhethekile okukhuhla noma ukugaya ama-algae ezindaweni zama-coral reef.
c. Inhlanzi Egcwele I-Omnivore
Izinhlanzi ezidla inyama zidla ukudla okunhlobonhlobo, kusukela ezitshalweni zasolwandle kuya ezilwaneni ezincane. Ukuguquguquka kokudla kwazo kuzivumela ukuthi zivumelane nezimo eziningi zemvelo. Izibonelo zezinhlanzi ezidla inyama zihlanganisa i-scorpionfish, i-angelfish, kanye ne-damselfish ethile.
4. Ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lokuzala
a. Inhlanzi Ebekela Amaqanda (Eyesibeletho)
Iningi lezinhlanzi liyi-oviparous, okusho ukuthi zizala ngokubeka amaqanda. La maqanda avame ukubekelwa ezindaweni eziphephile njengemifantu yamadwala noma ama-coral reefs, noma akhishwe emanzini avulekile. Izibonelo zezinhlanzi eziyi-oviparous zifaka phakathi i-clownfish, eyaziwa ngobudlelwano bayo bokusebenzisana nama-anemone olwandle, kanye nama-grouper.
b. Inhlanzi ephilayo
Ezinye izinhlanzi zizala futhi ngokubeletha izingane ezikhule ngokugcwele emzimbeni kamama. Lolu hlobo aluvamile kakhulu kunezinhlanzi ezihlala emaqanda. Izibonelo ezaziwayo zifaka phakathi i-whitetip shark kanye ne-saltwater guppy.
5. Ngokusekelwe ekuGuqulweni Okukhethekile
a. Inhlanzi Ekhanyisayo Yezinto Eziphilayo
Ezinye izinhlanzi zinekhono lokukhiqiza ukukhanya kwazo ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-bioluminescence, ngosizo lwamagciwane noma ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emizimbeni yazo. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa nezimo kubalulekile ezinhlanzini ezihlala ekujuleni kolwandle lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungenakukwazi ukungena khona. Izibonelo zezinhlanzi ze-bioluminescent zifaka phakathi i-lanternfish kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-anglerfish.
b. Inhlanzi Ekwazi Ukuzivumelanisa Nokucindezeleka
Izinhlanzi ezihlala ekujuleni okukhulu zinezindlela ezikhethekile zokubhekana nokucindezeleka okuphezulu okungachoboza imizimba yazo ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okukhethekile. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izinhlanzi ezingaphansi komhlaba njengezinhlanzi ze-tripod kanye ne-shellfish.
6. Ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni komzimba kanye nomsebenzi wawo
a. Inhlanzi efana ne-torpedo
Izinhlanzi ezimise okwe-torpedo zinhle kakhulu futhi ziyashesha ukubhukuda. Lesi simo somzimba esilula sinciphisa ukumelana namanzi futhi sizivumela ukuthi zihambe kahle kakhulu. Izibonelo zalezi zinhlanzi zifaka phakathi i-tuna, i-salmon, ne-barracuda.
b. Inhlanzi yaseDemersal
Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinhlanzi ezinemizimba eyisicaba noma eyisiyingi zilungele ukuphila phansi kolwandle. Azidingi isivinini esikhulu, kodwa kunalokho ziwusizo kakhulu ekucasheni nasekusindeni endaweni yazo yokuhlala. Izibonelo zalezi zinhlanzi zifaka phakathi i-flounder kanye ne-ray.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle kuhlanganisa izici eziningi ezibonisa ukuzivumelanisa kwazo nezimo ezizungezile ezahlukahlukene. Kusukela ezindaweni zokuhlala kuya ezicini zomzimba, ukuziphatha, izinhlelo zokuzala, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezikhethekile, kanye nokuma komzimba, isigaba ngasinye sinikeza ukuqonda ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi zisinda futhi zichuma kanjani ohlelweni lwemvelo olukhulu nolunamandla lwasolwandle. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusenza sikwazi ukuqonda kangcono ukuhlukahluka kanye nobunzima bomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi kanye nokubaluleka kokulondolozwa kokulondolozwa kwezindawo zemvelo zasolwandle.
