Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zamarabi Ezilwaneni: Ukuqashelwa, Ukuhlonza, Nokuvimbela
I-Pendahuluan
Amarabi yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu esibangelwa amagciwane esihlasela uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi lwezilwane ezincelisayo, okuhlanganisa nabantu. Sibangelwa igciwane elivela kuhlobo lweLyssavirus. Amarabi avame ukudluliselwa ngokulunywa yisilwane esinalesi sifo. Ukuqaphela izimpawu zamarabi ezilwaneni kubalulekile ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi nasekuvimbeleni ukusabalala okuqhubekayo, kokubili phakathi kwezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nabantu. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza incazelo ephelele yezimpawu zamarabi ezilwaneni, kanye nendlela yokuzilawula.
Ukudluliselwa kanye Nendlela Yokusabalala
Amarabi adluliselwa ngamathe esilwane esinalesi sifo, angena ngqo ezicutshini zomzimba ngokuluma noma ngokuklwebha. Igciwane libe selisakazekela ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi ngemithambo yegazi. Uma selifikile ebuchosheni, igciwane libangela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zezinzwa ngaphambi kokuba libangele ukufa ekugcineni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimpawu zamarabi kubantu zingavela ngemva kwesikhathi eside sokufukamela, ngokuvamile ngemva kwenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu ngemva kokulunywa.
Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zamarabi Ezilwaneni
Izimpawu zamarabi ezilwaneni ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sokutheleleka ngegciwane. Amarabi aqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezokwelapha: amarabi "anolaka" kanye namarabi "akhubazekile". Nazi izimpawu nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene esingazibona:
1. Isigaba Sokukhulelwa Kwengane
Isigaba sokuqala sokutheleleka yisigaba sokuqala sokutheleleka, esithatha izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Izimpawu phakathi nalesi sigaba ngokuvamile azicacile futhi kunzima ukuzibona. Izilwane zingase zibonise izinguquko ezincane zokuziphatha, njengokuthi:
– Amahloni noma ukwesaba ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
– Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla
– Umkhuhlane omncane
– Ukucasuka okukhulu
2. I-Furious Rabies
Kulesi sigaba, isilwane sizobonisa ukuziphatha okunolaka kanye nezimpawu zokwanda kokuvuka kwemizwa. Lezi zimpawu zihlala izinsuku ezingu-1-7 futhi zifaka:
– Ulaka: Izilwane ezivame ukululama zingase zibe nolaka kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukuzilawula.
– Angesabi abantu: Izilwane zasendle ezifana nama-raccoon, amalulwane, noma izimpungushe ezivame ukwesaba abantu zingasondela futhi zizame ukuhlasela abantu.
– Ayiphumuli futhi ikhuthele ngokweqile: Isilwane sizobonakala singaphumuli futhi sinyakaza njalo ngaphandle kwenhloso ecacile.
– Ukuhlafuna izinto zakwamanye amazwe: Izilwane zingase zihlafune izinto zakwamanye amazwe noma izingxenye zomzimba wazo.
– Izinguquko ekukhulumeni: Izilwane zingase zenze imisindo engavamile, njengokukhonkotha ngephimbo elihlukile kunelivamile noma ukumemeza.
– Ukudideka nokuxhuzula: Izilwane zingase zihlupheke futhi zixhuzule ngoba igciwane selifinyelele ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
3. Amarabi “Akhubazekile” (Amarabi Ayisimungulu)
I-paralytic rabies ibonakala ngobuthakathaka bemisipha obuqhubekayo kanye nokukhubazeka. Lesi sigaba sivame ukuthatha izinsuku ezingu-2-4, futhi izimpawu zifaka:
– Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile: Izilwane zibonakala zibuthakathaka, zibuthakathaka, futhi zingenawo amandla.
– Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha: Ukukhubazeka kuqala emisipheni yekhanda nentamo bese kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke.
– I-Dysphagia: Ubunzima bokugwinya, okungabangela ukuqunjelwa ngokweqile noma ukuqunjelwa ngokweqile.
– Ukukhubazeka kobuso: Ubuso besilwane bungase bubonakale bungafani ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha.
– I-Coma nokufa: Esigabeni sokugcina, isilwane sizowela kwi-coma bese ekugcineni sifa.
Ukuxilongwa Kwesifo Se-Rabies
Ukuhlonza amarabi ezilwaneni akukwazi ukwenziwa ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zezokwelapha kuphela, njengoba lezi zimpawu zingafana nezezinye izifo. Ukuxilongwa kokugcina kuvame ukwenziwa ngokusebenzisa:
– Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu zobuchopho, igazi kanye namathe: Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri ukuthola ukuthi kukhona igciwane le-rabies kumasampula ebhayoloji.
– Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Histopathological: Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu zobuchopho nge-microscopic ngemva kokufa kwesilwane ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zokutheleleka ngamarabi (isb., imizimba ehlanganisa amaNegri).
Tindakan Pencegahan
Ukuvimbela amarabi kubalulekile uma ubheka izinga lokufa kwalesi sifo. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ongazithatha:
1. Ukugoma
Ukugoma kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela isifo samarabi ezilwaneni ezifuywayo nasemfuyweni. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezifana nezinja, amakati, namahhashi kufanele zigonywe njalo ngokwezincomo zikadokotela wezilwane. Ukugoma kubalulekile nasezilwaneni zasendle ezivame ukuhlangana nabantu.
2. Ukulawulwa Kwezilwane Zasendle
Ukunciphisa inani lezilwane zasendle ezisengozini enkulu njengama-raccoon, amalulwane, nezinja zasendle kunganciphisa ukusabalala kwama-rabie. Kwezinye izindawo, imijovo yomlomo enikezwa nge-bait nayo isetshenziselwa ukulawula ama-rabie ezilwaneni zasendle.
3. Imfundo Yomphakathi
Ukuphakamisa ulwazi lomphakathi ngokubaluleka kokugonywa kwezilwane kanye nendlela yokugwema ukuthintana nezilwane zasendle ezingase zitheleleke ngamarabi. Ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokusingatha ukulunywa yizilwane kanye nezinyathelo zokuqala okufanele uzithathe lubalulekile.
Ukusabela Kokuqala Ekulumeni Kwesilwane
Uma umuntu noma isilwane silunywa yisilwane okusolwa ukuthi sinesifo samarabi, izinyathelo zokuqala okufanele uzithathe yilezi:
1. Geza inxeba: Geza inxeba ngensipho namanzi agobhozayo okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 ukuze unciphise umthwalo wegciwane enxebeni.
2. Faka i-Antiseptic: Sebenzisa isibulala-magciwane esifana notshwala noma i-iodine esilondeni.
3. Yisa isilwane kudokotela: Xhumana nodokotela noma udokotela wezilwane ngokushesha. Kubantu, ukugoma ngemva kokuchayeka kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka ngamarabi.
Ukuphathwa Kwezilwane Ezithelelekile
Akukho ukwelashwa kwezilwane ezinesifo samarabi. Ukuphathwa kugxile ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwalesi sifo nokunciphisa ukuhlupheka kwezilwane. Izilwane ezibonisa izimpawu zamarabi kufanele zibulawe ukuze kuvinjelwe ingozi eyengeziwe. Lesi sinyathelo kumele sithathwe ngokucophelela nangokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yezempilo nenhlalakahle yezilwane esebenzayo.
Isiphetho
Amarabi ayisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu nesibulalayo okufanele abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nomphakathi jikelele bazi. Ukuqaphela izimpawu zamarabi ezilwaneni kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekulashweni kusenesikhathi. Ngokugonywa, ukulawulwa kwezilwane zasendle, ukufundiswa komphakathi, kanye nokusabela okusheshayo ekulumeni, ingozi yokusabalala kwamarabi ingancishiswa kakhulu. Imfundo, ukuvimbela, kanye nokusabela okusheshayo kubalulekile ekulweni nalesi sifo esiyingozi.
Ngokuqaphela kangcono izimpawu zamarabi kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezifanele, singavikela izilwane zethu ezifuywayo, thina kanye nomphakathi ezingozini ezibangelwa amarabi.
