Izindlela Zokuphatha Imithi Nge-Intravenous: Amasu Nokuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha
Ukunikezwa kwemithi ngemithambo yegazi (i-IV) kungenye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa njalo emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Le ndlela ivumela imithi ukuthi ingene ngqo egazini, inikeze umphumela osheshayo futhi iqinisekise umthamo ofanele. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngokunikezwa kwemithi ngemithambo yegazi, okuhlanganisa amasu, izidingo zemishini, izinkomba, iziphazamiso, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwale nqubo.
Umlando Omfushane Wokuphathwa Kwezidakamizwa Nge-Intravenous
Ukusetshenziswa kwemigqa yemithambo yegazi ekwelapheni kwaqala ngekhulu le-17, kodwa kwaduma kakhulu ngekhulu lama-20. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqonda kangcono ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi kanye nokusebenza kwayo kuye kwayithuthukisa kakhulu le ndlela, okwenza ibe ephephile futhi ephumelela kakhudlwana.
Izinkomba Zokuphathwa Kwemithi Nge-Intravenous
Ukufakwa ngemithambo yegazi kuyindlela ekhethwayo ezimweni ezithile:
1. Izimo Eziphuthumayo: Izidakamizwa ezidinga umphumela osheshayo, njenge-adrenaline ye-anaphylaxis noma i-morphine yobuhlungu obukhulu, zinikezwa ngemithambo yegazi.
2. Ukwelashwa Kwesikhathi Eside: Ezigulini ezidinga ukuminywa isikhathi eside njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukudla okunomsoco okuphathelene nokuzala.
3. Imithi engenakumuncwa ngomlomo: Eminye imithi ayisebenzi uma inikezwa ngomlomo ngenxa yokumuncwa okuncane noma ukuwohloka kwama-enzymes okugaya ukudla.
4. Ukufakwa Koketshezi kanye Ne-Electrolyte: Ezimweni zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu noma ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte.
Indlela Yokuphatha Nge-Intravenous
Indlela yokuphatha imithi ngemithambo yegazi idinga amakhono akhethekile kanye nokunemba okuphezulu:
1. Ukulungiswa Kwamathuluzi Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:
– I-catheter noma inaliti efakwa emthanjeni uma kudingeka.
– Amagilavu angcolile.
– I-alcohol swab noma esinye isihlanzi esifana ne-chlorhexidine.
– Umuthi ozonikezwa usulungele ukujovwa noma ukuxutshwa.
– Ibhandeji noma iplasta yokuqinisa.
2. Inqubo Yokuqala:
– Geza izandla zakho ngensipho yokubulala amagciwane bese ugqoka amagilavu ahlanzekile.
– Khetha umthambo otholakala kalula, ngokuvamile engalweni noma ngemuva kwesandla.
– Hlanza indawo yokufaka nge-alcohol swab noma i-chlorhexidine.
3. Ukufakwa kwe-Catheter:
– Beka i-tourniquet cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ngaphezu kwendawo ekhethiwe ukuze wandise umthambo.
– Faka i-catheter noma inaliti nge-engeli engu-15-30 degrees kuze kube yilapho kukhona uphawu lokuthi umthambo ubhobokile, njengokuphuma kwegazi ku-catheter.
4. Ukulungiswa Nokuhlolwa:
– Uma i-catheter isifakwe kahle, khipha i-tourniquet.
– Lungisa i-catheter nge-plaster noma ibhandeji elihlanzekile.
– Hlola indawo ngokufaka inani elincane lesisombululo sikasawoti bese uqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukumelana noma ukuvuvukala.
5. Ukuphathwa Kwemithi:
– Xhuma i-catheter nomuthi olungiselelwe.
– Nikeza imithi ngesilinganiso esihambisana nenqubo yokwelapha.
Imishini Edingekayo
Imishini edingekayo ukuze kunikezwe imithi ngemithambo iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa. Eminye imishini eyisisekelo ihlanganisa:
– Ama-Catheter E-Intravenous: Zombili izinhlobo ze-peripheral kanye ne-central.
– Isethi Yokufaka kanye Nephampu Yokufaka: Yokunikezwa okuqhubekayo kwemithi noma uketshezi.
– Isirinji kanye nesixhumi: Sokufaka ngqo ku-catheter.
– Uhlelo Lokucisha Amanzi: Lulawula izinga lokufakwa kwamanzi ngesandla uma iphampu ingatholakali.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha Nokuphepha
Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa ngemithambo yegazi kuyasebenza futhi kuphephile:
1. Ukuqapha Isiguli:
– Ukuqapha izimpawu ezibalulekile ezifana nomfutho wegazi, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukunikezwa komoya-mpilo (i-SpO2), kanye nokushisa komzimba.
– Bheka ngokushesha ukuthi awunazo yini izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba noma imiphumela emibi yomuthi.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwendawo Yokujova:
– Qaphela ukuthi awutholi yini ukutheleleka kwendawo, i-phlegmon, noma i-phlebitis.
– Amahlule egazi endawo (i-thrombophlebitis) kufanele ahlolwe kusenesikhathi ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga.
3. Ukuhambisana Kwemithi Nesixazululo:
– Eminye imithi ingase ingahambisani nezixazululo ezijwayelekile ezifana ne-saline evamile noma i-dextrose. Kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ingozi yokwakheka kwe-fascinate noma ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyingozi.
4. Ingozi yokutheleleka:
– Ukutheleleka kuyingozi enkulu yokungena ngemithambo yegazi. Izinqubo ze-Aseptic kumele zilandelwe njalo, futhi amasethi okufakwa kwe-infusion kumele ashintshwe njalo ngokweziqondiso ezifanele.
5. Ukuxhumana Neziguli:
– Chazela isiguli inqubo yokunciphisa ukukhathazeka.
– Yazisa ngezimpawu okufanele zibikwe ngokushesha njengobuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukubomvu endaweni yokufakwa kwesidakamizwa.
Izimo zokuphikisana
Nakuba le ndlela isebenza kahle kakhulu, kunezinye izinto eziphikisanayo okufanele uziqaphele:
1. I-Vasculopathy: Iziguli ezinezinkinga zemithambo yegazi ezingezinhle zingadinga ezinye izindlela.
2. Umlando Wokusabela Kokungezwani Nomzimba: Ezinye iziguli zingase zibonise ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba emishinini noma emithini yokwelapha ngemithambo yegazi.
3. Izinkinga Zokujiya Kwama-Coagulation: Lesi simo sandisa ingozi yokopha okungalawuleki ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-catheter.
Isiphetho
Ukunikezwa kwemithi nge-intravenous kungenye yezindlela zezokwelapha ezibaluleke kakhulu enkathini yezokwelapha yanamuhla. Njengoba inikeza isivinini esikhulu sokuphendula nokuqinisekisa umthamo onembile, le ndlela isebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene ezibukhali nezingapheli. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza le ndlela kudinga amakhono akhethekile futhi kuvame ukudinga ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo ukuthola imiphumela emibi noma izinkinga. Ulwazi oluphelele lwendlela, imishini, ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo, kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zithola ukunakekelwa okufanele nokungenazo izingozi.
