Ukuqonda Uhlelo Lokuzala Kumakati
Amakati (i-Felis catus) ayizilwane ezifuywayo ezidumile emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphandle kokuhlakanipha kwawo nokuziphatha okuhle, ukuqonda uhlelo lokuzala lwamakati kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi kulabo abahlela ukuzala amakati noma ukuphatha izilwane ezifuywayo zabo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokujulile ngohlelo lokuzala lwamakati, sihlanganisa ukwakheka komzimba, umjikelezo wokuzala, ukukhulelwa, kanye nokuzalwa.
Ukwakheka Kwesistimu Yokuzala Yamakati
Izinhlelo zokuzala zamakati esilisa nawesifazane zinezakhiwo ezahlukene.
I-Tomcat
Kumakati amaduna, uhlelo lokuzala luqukethe:
1. Ama-testes: Ama-testes asebenza njengendawo yokukhiqizwa kwesidoda kanye ne-testosterone. Kwamakati amaningi, ama-testes atholakala esikhumbeni, isikhwama esilenga ngaphandle komzimba.
2. I-Epididymis: Lena yipayipi lapho isidoda sivuthwa khona futhi sigcinwa khona.
3. I-Vas deferens: Ipayipi elithwala isidoda lisuka ku-epididymis liye ku-urethra ngesikhathi sokuphuma komchamo.
4. I-Urethra kanye ne-Penis: I-urethra isebenza ukukhipha umchamo kanye nesidoda emzimbeni. I-penis yekati ifakwe i-keratin spines esiza ekukhulelweni.
Ikati Lensikazi
Kumakati esifazane, uhlelo lokuzala luqukethe:
1. Ama-ovary: Indawo yokukhiqizwa kwamaseli amaqanda (ama-oocyte) kanye nama-hormone i-estrogen ne-progesterone.
2. I-Oviduct (i-Fallopian Tube): Ipayipi elixhumanisa i-ovary ne-uterus futhi liyindawo yokukhulelwa.
3. Isibeletho: Isitho lapho umbungu ukhula khona ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
4. Isitho sangasese sowesifazane: Umsele oxhumanisa isibeletho nengaphandle lomzimba. Isitho sangasese sowesifazane sisebenza ekuzaleni nasekuzaleni.
Umjikelezo Wokuzala Wekati
Amakati esifazane aziwa ngokuthi “i-polyoestrous,” okusho ukuthi anemijikelezo eminingana ye-estrus noma yokushisa ngonyaka. Lo mjikelezo uhlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana:
1. I-Proestrus: Lesi sigaba sithatha izinsuku ezingu-1-2. Owesifazane uqala ukubonisa ukuziphatha kwe-estrus, kodwa akakakwamukeli ubulili besilisa.
2. I-Estrus: Lesi sigaba sithatha izinsuku ezingu-4-10, kuye ngokuthi insikazi ike yakhwelana noma cha. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, insikazi izokhuluma kakhulu, igoqe, futhi ibonise ukuziphatha ukuze idonse abesilisa.
3. I-Interestrus: Uma insikazi ingazali ngesikhathi se-estrus, izongena esigabeni se-interestrus esithatha cishe amasonto angu-1-2 ngaphambi kokungena emjikelezweni olandelayo we-estrus.
4. I-Diestrus: Uma kwenzeka ukukhulelwa, isigaba se-diestrus siqala, lapho amazinga e-progesterone eba khona ukuze kugcinwe ukukhulelwa. Uma ukukhulelwa kungenzeki, amazinga e-progesterone ahlala ephakeme ukuze kulungiselelwe umzimba ukubuyela komjikelezo we-estrus.
5. I-Anestrus: Lesi sigaba sivame ukwenzeka ebusika lapho insikazi ingakhombisi zimpawu zokuzala.
Ukukhulelwa Kwamakati
Ngemva kokuvuthwa nokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo, ikati lesifazane lizongena esikhathini sokukhulelwa, esivame ukuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-63-65. Izimpawu zokukhulelwa ziqala ngokushintsha kwezindlala zebele, eziba zinkulu futhi zibe pinki. Nazi izigaba zokukhula kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
1. Amasonto 1-2: I-zygote yakheka bese iqala ukuya esibelethweni. Ukufakelwa kwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-12-14 ngemva kokukhulelwa.
2. Isonto 3-4: Ingane ikhula ngokushesha, ngokwakhiwa kwama-embryo ezitho.
3. Amasonto 5-6: Ukukhula kombungu kuyacaca. Umama wekati uqala ukubonisa isifiso sokudla esengeziwe.
4. Amasonto 7-8: Ama-fetus asondela ekukhuleni okuphelele. Umama wekati uqala ukufuna indawo yokuzalela ukuze abelethe.
5. Isonto 9: Amalungiselelo okugcina okubeletha, futhi ingane isilungele ukuzalwa.
Ukubeletha Kwamakati
Inqubo yokubeletha noma yokubeletha emakatini yaziwa ngokuthi “ukuzala kwekati.” Kunezigaba ezintathu zokubeletha kwamakati:
1. Isigaba Sokulungiselela: Ukufinyela kokuqala kuqala, futhi umlomo wesibeletho uqala ukuvuleka. Ikati lesifazane lingase libonise ukuziphatha okungenakuzinza futhi lifune indawo ekhululekile nephephile.
2. Isigaba Sokuzalwa: Ingane iqala ukuphuma esibelethweni nge-vagina. Ikati ngalinye livame ukuzalwa njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15-60. Phakathi nale nqubo, isikhwama se-amniotic siyaqhuma, bese umama wekati ekhotha ikati ukuze avuselele ukuphefumula.
3. Isigaba Sangemva Kokubeletha: Ngemva kokuzalwa kwawo wonke amakati, umama wekati ususa ama-placenta bese ehlanza amakati akhe. Kulesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi wonke ama-placenta asebelethiwe, njengoba ama-placenta asele esibelethweni angaholela ekuthelelekeni.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangemva Kokubeletha
Ngemva kokuba inqubo yokubeletha isiphelile, ukunakekelwa okuhle komama namakati kubaluleke kakhulu:
1. Qapha impilo kamama: Qinisekisa ukuthi ikati likamama linokufinyelela okwanele kokudla okunomsoco namanzi okuphuza. Qapha izimpawu zempilo ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukuphelelwa yisifiso sokudla, noma ukuphuma koketshezi olungavamile esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.
2. Impilo Yamakati: Amakati adinga ukufudumala nobisi lukanina ukuze athole i-colostrum, okubalulekile ohlelweni lwawo lokuzivikela komzimba. Qiniseka ukuthi ancelisa kahle futhi akhula isisindo nsuku zonke.
3. Ukubonisana nodokotela wezilwane: Ukuhlolwa njalo ngudokotela wezilwane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinkinga zangemva kokubeletha kuyisinyathelo esihlakaniphile.
Ukubulala inzalo kanye nokulawula inani labantu
Ukubulala inzalo kwamakati, kungaba ngokususwa kwama-ovariohysterectomy (ukususwa kwama-ovari kanye nesibeletho kwabesifazane) noma ukuthenwa (ukususwa kwamasende kwabesilisa), kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokulawula inani lamakati asendle nawasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukususwa kwesisu kunganciphisa ingozi yezifo zokuzala kanye nokuziphatha okungathandeki njengokumaka indawo kwabesilisa noma ukushisa ngokweqile kwabesifazane.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda uhlelo lokuzala lwamakati kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kubanikazi bamakati nabafuyi bawo. Kusukela ku-anatomy kuya kumjikelezo wokuzala, ukukhulelwa, ukubeletha, kanye nokunakekelwa kwangemva kokubeletha, isigaba ngasinye sidinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela nolwazi. Ngokuqonda kahle uhlelo lokuzala, abanikazi bamakati bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokunakekelwa kanye nempilo yamakati abo abawathandayo. Ukulawulwa kwenani labantu ngokuhlanzwa kwesisu nakho kuyisibopho esibalulekile senhlalakahle yamakati kanye nokusimama kwemvelo.
