Izinzuzo kanye Nezingozi Zokugonywa Kwamakati
Ukugoma kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekugcineni impilo yamakati, ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukugoma kuqeqesha umzimba wekati ukuqaphela nokulwa nezinto ezithile ezibangela izifo, okuvumela amasosha omzimba ukuba asabele ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo lapho evezwa amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, ukugoma kunezingozi nemiphumela emibi okufanele abanikazi bayiqonde. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezinzuzo nezingozi zokugoma emakatini ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi nodokotela wakho wezilwane.
Kungani amakati kudingeka agonywe?
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi amakati angalokothi aphume ngaphandle awadingi imijovo. Kodwa-ke, izifo ezithathelwanayo zingangeniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, njengokuthwalwa ngezicathulo, izingubo, izandla zabantu, izinto ezingcolisiwe, noma ukuthintana nezinye izilwane (kufaka phakathi amakati amasha isimo sawo sempilo esingacaci). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo eziphuthumayo njengekati elibalekile, ukufakwa ehhotela lesilwane esifuywayo, noma ukuhlala emtholampilo kungandisa ingozi yokuchayeka ezifweni.
Imijovo yokugoma isiza ekunciphiseni amathuba okuba ikati lithole isifo esibi, inciphise ubukhali bokutheleleka, futhi ivimbele ukusabalala kwalesi sifo emphakathini wamakati. Ngokubanzi, uhlelo oluhle lokugoma lusiza ekunciphiseni izindleko zezokwelapha kanye nokufa ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Izinhlobo zemithi yokugoma emakati: eyinhloko kanye nengeyona eyinhloko
Ngokuvamile, imijovo yekati ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:
1. Imithi yokugoma eyinhloko (eyinhloko/ephoqelekile ezincomweni eziningi)
Imithi yokugoma eyinhloko ivame ukunconywa cishe kuwo wonke amakati ngoba izifo ziyathelelana kakhulu, ziyingozi, futhi zisakazeke kabanzi. Izibonelo zifaka:
– I-Panleukopenia (FPV): evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-feline typhus”, ingabangela ukuhlanza, uhudo olubi, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nokufa, ikakhulukazi kumakati.
– I-Calicivirus (FCV) kanye ne-Herpesvirus (FHV-1): izimbangela eziyinhloko zomkhuhlane wekati, zingabangela ukuthimula, ikhala eligobhozayo, izilonda emlonyeni, izifo zamehlo, kanye nokubuyela emuva kwesifo.
– Amarabi (ezindaweni eziningi kuyimfuneko esemthethweni): isifo esibulalayo esingadluliselwa kubantu.
2. Imithi yokugoma engeyona eyoqobo (eyengeziwe ngokuya ngengozi)
Lo muthi wokugomela unikezwa lapho indlela yokuphila yekati, indawo ezungezile, noma izimo ezithile zandisa ingozi yokuchayeka. Izibonelo ezivame ukuxoxwa ngazo zifaka:
– I-FeLV (i-Feline Leukemia Virus): idluliselwa phakathi kwamakati, ingabangela ukwehla kwamasosha omzimba, i-anemia, kanye nomdlavuza othile.
– Eminye imijovo njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wezilwane kanye nesimo sendawo (isib. izimo zokuqubuka kwesifo ezindaweni ezithile).
Ukunquma ukuthi yimiphi imijovo edingekayo kufanele kwenziwe nodokotela wezilwane, kucatshangelwa ubudala, isimo sempilo, umlando wokugoma, imikhuba yokuzulazula, kanye nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini amanye amakati ekhaya.
Izinzuzo zokugoma emakati
1. Vimbela izifo ezingaba yingozi
Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane emakatini zithuthuka ngokushesha futhi zingabulala, ikakhulukazi kumakati amancane noma amakati anesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka. Ukugoma kusiza ekuhlinzekeni isivikelo kusenesikhathi, kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola izifo ezibulalayo.
2. Nciphisa ubukhulu bezimpawu uma zithelelekile
Akuzona zonke izitofu zokugoma eziqinisekisa ukuzivikela okungu-100% emakatini. Kodwa-ke, amakati agonyiwe ngokuvamile abhekana nezimpawu ezincane kanye nethuba eliphezulu lokululama. Lokhu kubalulekile ezifweni ezifana nomkhuhlane wekati, ongabangela izinkinga emehlweni, ekhaleni nasemlonyeni.
3. Vikela amakati anamasosha omzimba angakavuthwa.
Amakati amancane asengozini enkulu ngoba ama-antibodies avela kunina ahlala isikhashana kuphela. Uhlelo lokugoma kancane kancane lusiza ekwakheni amasosha omzimba asebenzayo kuze kube yilapho izivikelo zomzimba wawo zizinzile.
4. Cindezela ukudluliswa kwegciwane futhi uvikele umphakathi wamakati
Ezindaweni ezinamakati amaningi—njengezindawo zokukhosela, amahhotela ezilwane ezifuywayo, noma amakhaya anamakati amaningi—ukugoma kudlala indima enkulu ekuphuleni uchungechunge lokudluliselwa kwegciwane. Uma ingxenye enkulu yamakati ivikelwe, ingozi yokuqubuka kwesifo iyancipha.
5. Londoloza izindleko zezokwelapha zesikhathi eside
Imithi yokugoma ngokuvamile ibiza kancane kakhulu kunokwelashwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezinkulu, okungabandakanya ukulaliswa esibhedlela, ukucwiliswa nge-IV drip, imithi, kanye nokunakekelwa okujulile. Ukugoma kungabhekwa njengokutshala imali kwezempilo.
6. Sekela impilo yomphakathi (ikakhulukazi amarabi)
Amarabi ayingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni futhi cishe ahlala ebulala uma kuvela izimpawu. Ukugomela amakati amarabi kusiza ukuvimbela ingozi yokudluliselwa kubantu futhi kunciphisa izinkinga ezingaba khona zomthetho kanye nokuhlukaniswa uma kwenzeka ukulunywa.
Izingozi nemiphumela emibi yokugoma
Nakuba kuwusizo, imijovo isengadala imiphumela emibi. Eminingi ilula futhi yesikhashana, kodwa kungenzeka ukusabela okungavamile kodwa okungathi sína.
1. Imiphumela emibi emincane (evamile)
Amanye amakati abhekana nokusabela okuncane ngemva kokugonywa, isibonelo:
– Ukudinwa izinsuku ezingu-1–2
– Ukuncipha kancane kwesifiso sokudla
– Umkhuhlane omncane
– Ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala okuncane endaweni yokujova
Lezi zindlela zokusabela zivame ukuphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa okukhethekile. Ukuphumula, ukugcina ikati limanzi, nokuqapha isimo salo kwanele ezimweni eziningi.
2. Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba (okungavamile, kungaba kubi kakhulu)
Iphesenti elincane lamakati lingase libe nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba nezingxenye zomuthi wokugoma. Izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele zifaka:
– Ukuluma, ukuvuvukala kobuso/izinkophe
– Ukuhlanza noma uhudo olunamandla
- Ukuphefumula kanzima, ubuthakathaka obungazelelwe, ukuquleka (i-anaphylaxis)
Uma kuvela izimpawu ezinjengalezi, thatha isilwane sakho usiyise kudokotela wezilwane ngokushesha ngoba singadinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
3. Ukwakheka kwamaqhubu ngemva kokugonywa
Kungase kube neqhubu elincane endaweni yokujova futhi livame ukunyamalala phakathi namasonto ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, isimo esingavamile kakhulu kodwa esibalulekile yi-Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma (FISS)—isimila esibi esingakhula endaweni yokujova. Lokhu akuvamile, kodwa yingakho odokotela bezilwane belandela izinqubo ezithile zendawo yokujova futhi batusa ukuqapha amaqhubu.
Isimiso sokuqapha esivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yilesi esithi “umthetho we-3-2-1”:
– Iqhubu lihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu, noma
– Usayizi ongaphezu kuka-2 cm, noma
– Kukhuliswe ngemva kwenyanga eyodwa,
kungcono ukuyihlola ngokushesha.
4. Izingozi kumakati anezimo ezithile zempilo
Amakati anomkhuhlane, ukugula okukhulu, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, noma ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba kungadinga ukubambezeleka noma ukulungiswa kwesimiso sawo sokugoma. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokugoma kubalulekile.
5. Imijovo yokugoma ayithathi indawo yokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo.
Ukugoma akusona "isivikelo esiphelele." Amakati asadinga ukudla okunempilo, indawo ehlanzekile, ukuvimbela amagciwane, kanye nokuphathwa kokucindezeleka. Ngaphandle kwalezi zici ezisekelayo, amakati asengagula ngisho nangemva kokugoma.
Indlela yokunciphisa izingozi zokugonywa
Ukuze kukhuliswe izinzuzo zomuthi wokugoma futhi kuncishiswe izingozi, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa:
1. Bheka umuthi wokugoma ngokusekelwe endleleni yokuphila yekati.
Amakati asendlini angadinga iphakheji ehlukile kuneyamakati angaphandle noma amakati avame ukuhlangana namanye amakati.
2. Qiniseka ukuthi ikati liphilile kahle uma ligonyiwe.
Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ngudokotela wezilwane kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ikati selikulungele yini ukugonywa.
3. Landela isimiso somuthi wokugoma kanye nesokuqinisa
Ukugonywa okuyinhloko kwamakati kuvame ukunikezwa ngezigaba, kulandelwe yi-booster njengoba kunconywa udokotela wakho wezilwane. Ungangabazi ukucela ishejuli ebhaliwe.
4. Qapha imiphumela emibi ngemva kokugoma
Qaphela usuku lokugoma, uhlobo lokugoma, kanye nendawo yokujova. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi ukusabela okungavamile, xhumana nomtholampilo wakho ngokushesha.
5. Sebenzisa umtholampilo othembekile
Ukugcinwa kwemithi yokugoma (uchungechunge olubandayo), amasu okujova, kanye nokukhethwa komkhiqizo kuthinta ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwemithi yokugoma.
Isiphetho
Ukugoma amakati kunezinzuzo ezibalulekile: ukuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi, ukunciphisa ubukhali bezimpawu, ukuvikela umphakathi wamakati, nokukhuthaza impilo yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi maqondana namarabi. Nakuba kunengozi yemiphumela emibi, eminingi incane futhi yesikhashana. Izingozi ezinkulu, njengokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba noma i-sarcoma endaweni yokujova, azivamile kodwa zisadinga ukubhekwa ngokucophelela.
Izinqumo zokugoma ezinhle kakhulu yilezo ezenzelwe izidingo zekati ngalinye. Ngokubonisana nodokotela wezilwane, ngokulandela isimiso esinconywayo, nokuqapha isimo salo ngemva kokugoma, unganikeza isivikelo esifanele ikati lakho olithandayo—ngenkathi futhi uqinisekisa ukuthula kwengqondo yakho.
