Indlela Yokubona Umdlavuza Ezilwaneni
Umdlavuza awuthinti abantu kuphela; ungathinta nezilwane ezifuywayo njengezinja, amakati, onogwaja, ngisho nemfuyo. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kusabisa, izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza ezilwaneni zingaphathwa kangcono uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi. Ngenxa yokuthi izilwane azikwazi ukuchaza ukuthi zizizwa kanjani, abanikazi badlala indima ebalulekile ekuqapheleni izinguquko ezincane emizimbeni yabo nasekuziphatheni okungaba yizimpawu zokuqala zenkinga enkulu. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendlela yokubona umdlavuza ezilwaneni, izimpawu ezivamile okufanele uziqaphele, kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile kwezilwane.
Ukuqonda Ukuthi Uyini Umdlavuza Ezilwaneni
Umdlavuza ukukhula okungalawuleki kwamaseli. Lawa maseli angakha amaqhubu (amaqhubu), ahlasele izicubu ezizungezile, noma asakazeke (asakazeke) kwezinye izitho ngegazi kanye nohlelo lwe-lymphatic. Akuwona wonke amaqhubu ayingozi; amanye ayingozi futhi akhula kancane. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaqhubu ayingozi nayingozi ngokubuka kwangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, isimiso esiyinhloko ekutholeni umdlavuza yilesi: noma yisiphi iqhubu noma ushintsho olungavamile emzimbeni ludinga ukuhlolwa.
Izimpawu Ezivamile Zomdlavuza Ezilwaneni
Kunezibonakaliso eziningana ezivamile zokuxwayisa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Uma ubona esinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu siqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma siba sibi kakhulu, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wezilwane ngokushesha.
1. Amaqhubu noma Ukuvuvukala Okungavamile
Amaqhubu angaphansi kwesikhumba yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezibonwa ngabanikazi. Amaqhubu angaba mnene, aqine, ashukumiseke, noma anamathele ezicutshini. Qaphela amaqhubu alandelayo:
- khula ngokushesha,
– inani liyakhula,
– kuzwakala kunzima futhi akukwazi ukushukunyiswa,
– iphinda ivele ngemva kokususwa,
– noma kubangele ubuhlungu uma kuthintwa.
Ezinjeni, izigaxa ezifana nama-lipomas (amafutha) zivame ukuba zingenabungozi, kodwa kusadingeka ziqinisekiswe. Ezinjeni, izigaxa zivame ukuba yingozi kakhulu kunasezinjeni, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.
2. Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
Kufanele kusolwe ukuthi isilwane esilahlekelwa isisindo naphezu kwesifiso sokudla esibonakala sivamile noma esinciphile kancane. Ukwehla kwesisindo kungenzeka ngoba umdlavuza uphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kwezicubu zomzimba, unciphisa ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba, noma ngoba ubuhlungu bubangela ukucindezeleka futhi bunciphisa isifiso sokudla.
3. Ukuncipha Kokudla Nobuthakathaka
Umdlavuza ungabangela ukuvuvukala okungapheli, i-anemia, noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zomzimba, okungabangela izilwane ukuba zibonakale zibuthakathaka, zilale kakhulu, zilahlekelwe intshisekelo yokudlala, futhi zingathandi ukuzivocavoca. Kwezinye izimo, izilwane zingase zibonakale "zinomoya" noma zicasukile ngenxa yokungakhululeki.
4. Amanxeba okunzima ukuwaphola
Izilonda esikhumbeni, emlonyeni, noma kwezinye izindawo ezingapholi, ezingophi kalula, noma ezikhula ngokushesha kufanele zibe yimbangela yokukhathazeka. Eminye imidlavuza yesikhumba ingabonakala njengezilonda ezincane ezihlala zivulekile noma zigcwele uqweqwe.
5. Ukopha Okungavamile Noma Ukuphuma Komoya
Funa igazi elivela ekhaleni, emlonyeni, endunu, noma emgudwini womchamo. Ukuphuma kwegazi okungajwayelekile emehlweni noma ezindlebeni okungathuthuki ngokwelashwa okuvamile nakho kungaba yinkomba, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nephunga elibi noma ukuvuvukala.
6. Izinkinga Zomlomo Nokuphefumula Okubi
Umdlavuza womlomo ungabonakala njengenqwaba ezinsinini, olimini, noma ophahleni lomlomo. Izimpawu zingafaka:
- umoya omubi ongavamile,
- ukuqunjelwa ngokweqile,
– amazinyo abonakala ekhululekile,
- ubunzima bokudla,
– noma ukuphuma kwegazi emlonyeni.
7. Ubunzima bokuchama noma ukukhipha indle
Umdlavuza womgudu womchamo, i-prostate (ezinjeni zesilisa), noma ezithweni zokugaya ukudla kungabangela:
– ukukhandleka lapho uchama noma ukhipha indle,
– umchamo oxubene negazi,
- ukuqunjelwa isikhathi eside,
– noma isifo sohudo esiphindaphindayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.
8. Ukukhwehlela Okungapheli noma Ubunzima Bokuphefumula
Umdlavuza wamaphaphu noma ukusabalala kwawo (i-metastasis) kungabangela ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ukukhwehlela, noma isilwane sibonakale sikhathala ngokushesha ngomsebenzi olula. Emakatini, izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukufana ne-asthma, okudinga ukuhlolwa okujulile.
9. Ubuhlungu Bembangela Engachazeki
Izilwane ezenqaba ukugxuma ngokuzumayo, ezixhuga ngaphandle kokulimala okusobala, noma ezigwema ukuthintwa ezindaweni ezithile zingase zibe nomdlavuza wamathambo noma umdlavuza ocindezela imizwa. Umdlavuza wamathambo ezinjeni ezinkulu, isibonelo, uvame ukubangela ukuxhuga okuqhubekayo nokuvuvukala komlenze.
10. Ama-Lymph Node Akhulisiwe
Ama-lymph node akhulisiwe (ngokuvamile azwakala ngaphansi komhlathi, emakhwapheni, ngemuva kwamadolo, kanye nasesinqeni) angabonisa ukutheleleka, kodwa angahlobene nomdlavuza ofana ne-lymphoma. Uma ukuvuvukala kuqhubeka noma kukhula ngobukhulu, kudingeka ukuhlolwa.
Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zabanikazi Bezindlu: Indlela Yokwenza Ukuhlolwa Kwekhaya Kwangaphambi Kokuqala
Abanikazi bangasiza ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi ngokwenza ukuhlola okulula njalo, isibonelo kanye ngesonto:
1. Zizwe umzimba wonke ngenkathi uphulula: funa amaqhubu amasha, izindawo ezijiyile, noma izindawo ezibuhlungu.
2. Hlola umlomo: bheka izinsini, ulimi, kanye nophahla lomlomo (uma isilwane sibambisana).
3. Qaphela imikhuba yokudla nokuphuza: ingabe incane, iyanda, noma isishintshe kakhulu.
4. Qapha isisindo somzimba: sikala njalo emavikini angu-2-4, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezindala.
5. Naka indle nomchamo: izinguquko zombala, ukuqina, ukuvama kwegazi, noma ukuba khona kwegazi.
6. Qaphela izinguquko ekuziphatheni: ukukhathala kalula, ukuzibamba, ukuba nolaka, noma ukubonakala ebuhlungu.
Ukurekhoda okutholakele encwadini encane yamanothi (usuku, indawo yeqhubu, usayizi olinganiselwe) kusiza udokotela wezilwane ukuhlola inqubekela phambili yesifo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha Ukuqinisekisa Umdlavuza
Izimpawu ezingenhla azibonisi ngokuzenzakalelayo umdlavuza. Ukutheleleka, ukungezwani komzimba, ukuphazamiseka kwamahomoni, nezinye izifo kungabonakala kufana. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa komdlavuza kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezilwane, okungafaka:
1. Ukuhlolwa Okuphelele Komzimba
Udokotela wezilwane uzohlola amaqhubu, ama-lymph node, umlomo, isikhumba, ukuphefumula, kanye nesimo esijwayelekile. Umlando wezokwelapha womnikazi ubalulekile: ukuthi izimpawu zaqala nini, ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukwehla kwesisindo, njalo njalo.
2. Ukufuthwa Kwenaliti Encane (i-FNA)
Le nqubo isebenzisa inalithi encane ukususa isampula yamaseli esigaxeni, bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. I-FNA ivame ukuba yisinyathelo sokuqala ngoba iyashesha futhi ayibuhlungu kangako.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy
Uma i-FNA ingacacile ngokwanele noma kusolwa umdlavuza obulalayo, kwenziwa i-biopsy ukuze kususwe inani elikhulu lezicubu. I-biopsy inikeza ukuxilongwa okunembile, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza kanye nezinga lomdlavuza.
4. Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Nomchamo
Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba (isibindi, izinso), ukuthola i-anemia, izifo zesibili, noma izimpawu zokuvuvukala. Imiphumela ibalulekile ekunqumeni ukuphepha kokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
5. Izithombe: i-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI
Ukuthwebula izithombe kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola usayizi wesimila, ukubandakanyeka kwesitho, kanye nokwenzeka kokusabalala kwaso. Isibonelo, i-X-ray yesifuba ivame ukwenziwa ukuhlola ukusabalala kwayo emaphashini.
Izinto Eziyingozi Okufanele Uzazi
Ezinye izinto ezingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza ezilwaneni zifaka:
– Ubudala: izilwane ezindala zisengozini enkulu.
– Ufuzo kanye nohlobo: ezinye izinhlobo zezinja zinomkhuba wokuba nomdlavuza othile.
– Ukuchayeka endaweni ezungezile: intuthu kagwayi, amakhemikhali, noma ukukhanya kwelanga okweqile (umdlavuza wesikhumba).
– Ama-hormone: kwezinye izimo, ukungahlanzisi inzalo kungandisa ingozi yezimila zebele ezinjeni nasemakatini abesifazane.
Ukuhlakula nokukhipha izilwane ngesikhathi esifanele (njengoba kunconywe udokotela wezilwane) kunganciphisa ingozi yezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
Kufanele Ubone Kanjani Udokotela Wezilwane Ngokushesha?
Hlola isilwane sakho ngokushesha uma uthola:
– amaqhubu akhula phakathi nenkathi yamasonto,
- ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuquleka, noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu,
– ukopha okungavamile,
– ukungafuni ukudla isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-24 (ikakhulukazi emakatini),
– ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukuxhuga okushesha ukuba kubi kakhulu.
Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungandisa izinketho zokwelapha futhi kwandise amathuba okuphumelela.
I-Penutup
Ukuhlonza umdlavuza ezilwaneni kudinga iso elibukhali lezinguquko ezincane emzimbeni wazo nasekuziphatheni kwazo. Amaqhubu, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, amanxeba angapholi, ukopha okungavamile, ngisho nokukhwehlela okungapheli kuyizimpawu okungafanele zinganakwa. Nakuba kungezona zonke izimpawu ezibonisa umdlavuza, ukuhlolwa kwesilwane sakho kusenesikhathi kuyindlela ephephile yokwenza. Ngokubhekwa ekhaya njalo kanye nokuhlolwa okufanele kwezilwane, amacala amaningi omdlavuza angatholakala kusenesikhathi, okunikeza isilwane ithuba elingcono lokuthola ukwelashwa kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila engcono kakhulu.
