Ukubaluleka Kokugoma Ezinganeni
Ukugoma izingane kungenye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo yomuntu ngamunye kanye nokuvikela umphakathi kabanzi. Kusukela ekuzalweni, amasosha omzimba ezinsana asakhula futhi awakakwazi ngokugcwele ukulwa namagciwane ahlukahlukene abangela izifo. Ngakho-ke, izingane zisengozini enkulu yokutheleleka okungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ngisho nezisongela impilo. Imithi yokugoma iyindlela ephephile nephumelelayo yokusiza izingane ukuba zithuthukise ukuvikelwa kusenesikhathi, ukuze zikhule ziphilile futhi zihlanganyele emisebenzini yokufunda neyokudlala ngokuphephile.
Kuyini Ukugoma?
Ukugoma inqubo yokunikeza umzimba umuthi wokugoma ukuze kukhuthazwe amasosha omzimba ukuthi akhiqize amasosha omzimba. Lawa ma-antibodies asebenza “njengamandla okuzivikela” azobona futhi alwe namagciwane athile uma ingane ike yavezwa kuwo. Imijovo yenziwa ngamagciwane abuthakathaka noma abulewe, noma izingxenye ezithile ezingabangeli izifo, kodwa zanele “ukuqeqesha” amasosha omzimba. Ngamanye amazwi, ukugoma kusiza umzimba ukuthi ufunde ukulwa nezifo ngaphandle kokubhekana nesifo kuqala.
Kungani Izingane Zidinga Ukugonywa?
Izingane zisesigabeni sokukhula okusheshayo, kodwa amasosha omzimba azo awakabi namandla njengawabantu abadala. Izifo eziningana ezithelelanayo, njenge-maselese, i-diphtheria, i-polio, i-pertussis (ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo), i-hepatitis B, kanye ne-rubella, zingaba nemiphumela emibi ezinganeni. Ukugoma kunikeza isivikelo esiqondile kulezi zifo futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu, njenge-encephalitis, ukukhubazeka, izinkinga zokuphefumula, ngisho nokufa.
Ngaphezu kokuvikela izingane ngazinye, ukugoma kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuzivikela komhlambi. Ukuzivikela komhlambi kwenzeka lapho inani elikhulu labantu livikelekile esifweni, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusabalala kwaso. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuvikeleni amaqembu asengozini angakwazi ukuthola imijovo, njengezinsana ezincane kakhulu zokugoma okuthile noma izingane ezinezimo ezithile zezokwelapha.
Izinzuzo Zokugoma Izingane
1. Vimbela Izifo Eziyingozi
Inzuzo eyinhloko yemigomo ukuvimbela izingane ekutholeni izifo ezithathelwanayo. Isibonelo, umuthi wokugomela i-DPT usiza ekuvimbeleni i-diphtheria, engabangela ukuvaleka komoya; i-pertussis, engabangela ukukhwehlela okukhulu, okuhlala isikhathi eside; kanye ne-tetanus, engabangela ukuqaqamba kwemisipha nezinkinga zokuphefumula. Umuthi wokugomela i-polio uvikela nezingane engcupheni yokukhubazeka unomphela.
2. Nciphisa Ingozi Yezinkinga Nokufa
Ezinye izifo zingase zibonakale "zivamile," kodwa zingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ezinganeni. Isimungumungwane, isibonelo, singabangela i-pneumonia, isifo sohudo esibi, ngisho ne-encephalitis. Ukugoma kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yengane yokuthola izinkinga. Lokhu kunomthelela oqondile ekunciphiseni amazinga okugula nokufa ezinganeni.
3. Ukuvikela Umndeni Nemvelo
Izingane ezigonyiwe azigcini nje ngokuzivikela zona kodwa futhi ziyasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwezifo kwabanye ekhaya nasesikoleni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kukhona amalungu omndeni asengozini, njengezinsana, asebekhulile, noma labo abanezivikelo zomzimba ezibuthakathaka.
4. Isekela Ukukhula Nokuthuthukiswa Kwengane
Uma izingane zigula njalo, ukukhula kwazo kanye nentuthuko yazo kungaphazamiseka. Zingase zilahlekelwe yisifiso sokudla, zibhekane nokuphazamiseka kokulala, zisale ngemuva esikoleni, noma zingakwazi ukusebenza kahle. Uma zigonyelwe ngokuphelele, izingane azikwazi ukugula kakhulu, okuzivumela ukuba zikhule kangcono futhi zibe nobuntwana obukhiqizayo.
5. Nciphisa Umthwalo Wezindleko Zokunakekelwa Kwempilo
Ukuvimbela kungcono njalo kunokwelapha. Izindleko zokwelapha izifo ezithathelwanayo zingaba zinkulu, ikakhulukazi uma zidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela noma ukunakekelwa okujulile. Ukugoma kusiza ekunciphiseni izindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo komndeni futhi kunciphisa nomthwalo ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Izinhlobo Zemijovo Evame Ukunikezwa Izingane
Izwe ngalinye linesimiso salo sokugoma, esakhiwe yiziphathimandla zezempilo ngokusekelwe ezidingweni nasezimweni zezifo. E-Indonesia, ukugoma okuyisisekelo kwezingane ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi i-BCG (isifo sofuba), i-hepatitis B, i-polio, i-DPT, i-Hib (i-Haemophilus influenzae type b), i-measles noma i-MR (i-measles-rubella), kanye neminye imithi yokugoma eminingana, njenge-PCV (i-pneumococcal), i-rotavirus, kanye ne-influenza, njengoba kunconywa ochwepheshe bezempilo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi abazali balandele isimiso sokugoma ukuze baqinisekise ukuvikeleka ngesikhathi. Ukuhlehlisa ukugoma kungandisa ingozi yengane yokuthola lesi sifo ngaphambi kokuba amasosha omzimba akheke.
Ukuphepha Komuthi Wokugoma kanye Nemiphumela Engemihle
Abazali abaningi bakhathazekile ngokuphepha komjovo. Ngokuvamile, imijovo yenziwa ucwaningo olunzulu futhi ihlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Ngisho nangemva kokusatshalaliswa, ukuphepha kwayo kubhekwa njalo yizikhungo zezempilo. Imiphumela emibi yomjovo ivame ukuba mincane futhi yesikhashana, njengomkhuhlane omncane, ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo, noma ukucasuka usuku olulodwa kuya kwezimbili.
Ukusabela okukhulu akuvamile kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kungaphathwa ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nengozi yokuthola lesi sifo sangempela, ingozi yemiphumela emibi evela emithini yokugoma incane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukugoma kuseyindlela yokuvimbela ezuzisa kakhulu.
Izinganekwane Nemibono Engafanele Ngemithi Yokugoma
Izinganekwane eziningi ngemithi yokugoma zisasakazeka emphakathini, njengokuthi ibangela izifo ezithile noma yenza izingane zigule isikhathi eside. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imithi yokugoma ayiwenzi buthaka umzimba; empeleni isiza amasosha omzimba ukuba alungele kakhudlwana. Ulwazi olungalungile luvame ukusabalala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngaphandle kwesisekelo esicacile sesayensi. Abazali kufanele bafune ulwazi emithonjeni ethembekile njengodokotela, ababelethisi, izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi, noma amawebhusayithi asemthethweni e-ejensi yezempilo.
Kukhona futhi umbono wokuthi uma ingane ibonakala iphilile, imijovo ayidingeki. Kodwa-ke, imijovo inikeza isivikelo ekuguleni. Izifo eziningi ezithelelanayo zingasakazeka kubantu ababonakala bephilile noma ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Ngakho-ke, ukugoma kusabalulekile ngisho noma ingane ibonakala iphilile.
Indima Yabazali Ekugomeni Okuphumelelayo
Impumelelo yohlelo lokugoma incike kakhulu endimeni yabazali. Abazali banesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane zabo zithola ukugoma kwazo ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazali kufanele bagcine amarekhodi okugoma kwezingane zabo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mithamo ephuthelwa. Uma ingane yakho inezinkinga ezithile zempilo, xhumana nodokotela ukuze uthole uhlobo oluphephile kakhulu lokugoma kanye nesimiso esifanele.
Abazali bangasiza futhi ekukhuthazeni isimo sengqondo esihle ngokugoma, isibonelo ngokumane bachazele izingane ukuthi imijovo iyindlela yokugcina umzimba uqinile. Ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo ngaphambi nangemva kokugoma kungasiza izingane zizizwe zizolile futhi zingasabi kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Ukugoma izingane kuyindlela yokutshala imali yezempilo yesikhathi eside enikeza isivikelo ezifweni ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi. Izinzuzo azizwa nje kuphela ngumntwana njengomuntu ngamunye, kodwa futhi nomndeni nomphakathi ngokuthuthukiswa kokuzivikela komhlambi. Ngokugoma okuphelele nokufika ngesikhathi, izingane zinethuba elikhulu lokukhula ziphilile, zikhuthele, futhi zifinyelele amandla azo aphelele. Phakathi kolwazi oluhlukahlukene olusakazwayo, abazali kudingeka banamathele emaqinisweni esayensi futhi babonisane nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zivikela ngempela izingane zabo. Ukugoma akuyona nje inketho, kodwa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya ekusaseni elinempilo neliphephile lezingane.
