Ithonya Lama-hormone Ekuthuthukisweni
Ama-hormone ayizithunywa zamakhemikhali ezikhiqizwa yizindlala ze-endocrine futhi akhishwa egazini ukuze alawule ukusebenza kwezitho ezahlukahlukene. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane kanye nenani elincane, ama-hormone anethonya elikhulu endleleni umzimba okhula ngayo, oshintsha ngayo, kanye nokusebenza ngayo kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ekubeni umuntu omdala. Intuthuko yomuntu—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingokomzimba, engqondweni, noma ngokomzwelo—ayenzeki ngokungahleliwe; iqondiswa ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo, indawo ezungezile, kanye nesistimu yama-hormone. Ukuqonda indima yama-hormone kusisiza siqonde ukuthi kungani abantu bekhula ngamazinga ahlukene nokuthi kungani ukuphazamiseka kwama-hormone kungaba nemiphumela ebanzi empilweni nasekuziphatheni.
1. Uhlelo lwe-endocrine kanye nendima yama-hormone emzimbeni
Uhlelo lwe-endocrine luqukethe izindlala eziningana ezinkulu, njenge-hypothalamus, i-pituitary gland, i-thyroid, i-parathyroid, i-pancreas, i-adrenals, ama-ovari, nama-testes. Lezi zindlala zikhiqiza ama-hormone alawula i-metabolism, ukukhula, ukuzala, impendulo yokucindezeleka, kanye nemizwa. I-hypothalamus ne-pituitary zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izikhungo zokulawula" ngoba zixhumanisa amanye ama-hormone amaningi. Lo mthetho usebenza ngendlela yokuphendula: lapho amazinga e-hormone ethile anele, umzimba "uzonciphisa ukukhiqizwa"; ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho amazinga ephansi, ukukhiqizwa kuzokwanda.
Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, lezi zindlela zisebenza kakhulu. Umzimba kumele uzivumelanise nezidingo zamandla, wakhe izicubu ezintsha, uvuthwe izitho zokuzala, futhi uhlele izinguquko zezinzwa ezithinta ukufunda kanye nemizwa. Ngakho-ke, izinguquko ezincane emazingeni ama-hormone zingaba nemiphumela ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuziphatheni.
2. I-hormone yokukhula kanye nokukhula ngokomzimba
I-Growth hormone (GH), ekhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland, idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni kobude, ekukhuleni kwemisipha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha emzimbeni. I-GH isebenza ngokubambisana nezinye izici, ikakhulukazi i-IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1), ekhiqizwa kakhulu esibindini. Ezinganeni, i-GH ivuselela ukukhula kwamathambo isikhathi eside, isiza ekwakhekeni kwezicubu, futhi isekele ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho zomzimba.
Uma ukukhiqizwa kwe-GH kunganele, izingane zingase zikhule kancane noma zibe nobude obufushane kunesilinganiso, yize izici zofuzo nazo zidlala indima. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-GH eningi ngesikhathi sokukhula ingabangela ukukhula ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kokuphakama, i-GH iphinde ithinte ukwakheka komzimba: i-GH eyanele isiza ukugcina imisipha kanye nokuqina kwamathambo, okubalulekile hhayi ngesikhathi sokukhula kuphela kodwa nasempilweni yesikhathi eside.
3. Ama-hormone e-thyroid kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism
I-thyroid ikhiqiza ama-hormone i-T3 ne-T4, alawula indlela umzimba oguqula ngayo ukudla kube amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hormone e-thyroid abalulekile ekukhuleni kobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nesigaba sobuntwana. Ebuntwaneni, ama-hormone e-thyroid asiza ekwakhekeni kokuxhumana kwezinzwa, ekuthuthukisweni kwesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, kanye nasekuvuthweni kwemisebenzi yokuqonda.
Izinkinga zama-hormone e-thyroid ezinganeni, njenge-hypothyroidism (ukuntuleka kwe-hormone ye-thyroid), zingabangela ukukhathala, ukukhuluphala, ukukhula kancane, futhi, uma kungelashwa kusenesikhathi, kungathinta intuthuko yengqondo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-hyperthyroidism (i-hormone ye-thyroid eyeqile) ingabangela ubunzima bokuthola isisindo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokulala—izici ezingaphazamisa nokufunda nokuphila kwansuku zonke.
4. Ama-hormone alawula i-insulini kanye noshukela egazini: amandla okukhula
I-insulin, ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas, idlala indima ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini nasekusizeni amaseli ukuthi amunce i-glucose njengomthombo wamandla. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izidingo zamandla ziyanda njengoba umzimba wakha izicubu ngenkuthalo. I-insulin iphinde ithonye ukugcinwa kwamandla ngendlela ye-glycogen namafutha, futhi isekela izinqubo ze-anabolic (ukwakha) emzimbeni.
Uma ibhalansi ye-insulin iphazamiseka, isibonelo kusifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma ukumelana ne-insulin, ukukhula kungathinteka. Izingane ezinokulawulwa okungekuhle koshukela egazini zingase zibhekane nokukhathala, ukwehla kwesisindo, noma ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo. Ngenxa yokuthi impilo ye-metabolic ihlobene kakhulu nama-hormone, ukudla, umsebenzi womzimba, kanye nekhwalithi yokulala kusukela zisencane ziyizici ezibalulekile ekusekeleni intuthuko enhle.
5. Ukuthomba: i-estrogen, i-testosterone, kanye nezinguquko ezinkulu entsheni
Esinye sezigaba ezisobala kakhulu ezithonywa ama-hormone ukuthomba. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kukhona ukwanda kwama-hormone ocansi: i-estrogen (ikakhulukazi emantombazaneni) kanye ne-testosterone (ikakhulukazi kubafana), yize womabili ekhona emazingeni ahlukene kuwo wonke umuntu. La ma-hormone aqhuba izinguquko zomzimba njengokukhula kwamabele, izinguquko zezwi, ukukhula kwezinwele ezindaweni ezithile, kanye nokuvuthwa kwezitho zokuzala. Ukuthomba nakho kuhambisana "nokukhula okusheshayo," okubandakanya ukusebenzisana kwama-hormone ocansi ne-hormone yokukhula.
Ngale kwezinguquko zomzimba, ama-hormone okuthomba athonya imizwa nokuziphatha. Intsha ivame ukubhekana nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, ukuzwela okukhulu komphakathi, kanye nokufuna ukuthi ingubani. Izinguquko zama-hormone ziyasebenzisana nokukhula kobuchopho bentsha—ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezilawula ukulawula isifiso sokwenza izinqumo—ngakho lesi sikhathi sivame ukuphawulwa yimizwa enamandla kanye nokuthambekela kokuzama izinto ezintsha.
6. I-hormone yokucindezeleka: i-cortisol kanye nomthelela wayo ekuthuthukisweni ngokomzwelo
I-Cortisol ikhiqizwa yizindlala ze-adrenal futhi idlala indima ekuphenduleni kokucindezeleka. Emazingeni afanele, i-cortisol isiza umzimba ukuthi ubhekane nezinselele: ikhulisa amandla, ilawula umfutho wegazi, futhi iguqule amasosha omzimba. Kodwa-ke, ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungaholela emazingeni aphezulu e-cortisol isikhathi eside, okungase kuthinte ukulala, isifiso sokudla, ukugxilisa ingqondo kanye nempilo yengqondo.
Ezinganeni nasebancane, ukucindezeleka isikhathi eside—ngokwesibonelo, okuvela endaweni engaphephile, ingcindezi enkulu yezemfundo, noma izinkinga zomndeni—kungathinta ukulawulwa ngokomzwelo namakhono okufunda. Amazinga aphezulu e-cortisol angaphazamisa amaphethini okulala nenkumbulo, okwenza izingane zithambekele kakhulu ekukhathazekeni noma ekubhekaneni nobunzima bokugxila. Ngakho-ke, ukwesekwa kwengqondo, imikhuba enempilo, kanye nendawo ezinzile kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yama-hormone okucindezeleka.
7. Ama-hormone okuzala kanye nendima yawo empilweni yesikhathi eside
Ngaphandle kokuthonya ukuthomba, ama-hormone okuzala nawo athinta impilo yamathambo, isikhumba, kanye nenhliziyo. I-estrogen, isibonelo, isiza ukugcina ubuningi bamathambo, kuyilapho i-testosterone idlala indima ekukhiqizweni kwemisipha kanye namaseli abomvu egazi. Ukungalingani kwama-hormone okuzala kungabonakala njengemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini engajwayelekile, induna enkulu, izinguquko zesisindo, noma ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa.
Kwabanye abantu, izimo ezifana ne-PCOS (kwabesifazane) noma izinkinga ze-thyroid hormone zingathinta impilo yokuzala kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu, njengezinkinga zokuzala noma izingozi ze-metabolic kamuva ekuphileni.
8. Izici ezithinta ibhalansi yamahomoni
Ibhalansi yama-hormone ithonywa yizici eziningi: izakhi zofuzo, ukudla okunomsoco, izinga lomsebenzi, ikhwalithi yokulala, ukuvezwa ekucindezelekeni, ngisho nendawo ezungezile (isibonelo, ukuvezwa kumakhemikhali athile angaphazamisa ama-hormone). Ukulala ngokwanele kusekela ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone okukhula, kuyilapho ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kusiza ngokuzwela kwe-insulin kanye nokulawula imizwa. Ukudla okulinganiselayo kunikeza izinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone futhi kugcina i-metabolism izinzile.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi ukukhula kwengane ngayinye kuhlukile. Kunezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zesikhathi sokuthomba noma amaphethini okukhula, futhi akuwona wonke umehluko obonisa inkinga. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona izimpawu ezikhathazayo—njengokukhula okuhamba kancane kakhulu, ukuthomba kwasekuqaleni noma kwasekupheleni, ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, noma izinguquko ezinkulu zesisindo—kudingeka ukubonisana nochwepheshe wezempilo.
Isiphetho
Ama-hormone adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni komuntu, kusukela ekukhuleni ngokomzimba nasekuvuthweni kobuchopho kuya ekulawulweni kwamandla kanye nokwakheka komlingiswa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi sobusha. Uhlelo lwe-endocrine lusebenza njengenethiwekhi yokuxhumana ebucayi kakhulu; ngisho nokuphazamiseka okuncane kungaba nemiphumela ejulile emzimbeni nasekuziphatheni. Ngokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo—ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukulala ngokwanele, umsebenzi womzimba, kanye nokuphathwa kokucindezeleka—sisiza umzimba ukuba ugcine ibhalansi yama-hormone esekela intuthuko efanele. Ukuqonda ama-hormone kubalulekile hhayi nje kochwepheshe bezokwelapha kodwa nakubazali, othisha, kanye nentsha uqobo, okubavumela ukuba bazwele kakhulu izidingo zemizimba yabo futhi bathathe isinyathelo sokuvimbela lapho kuvela izimpawu zokungalingani.
