Ukusebenzisana Kwezidakamizwa Nokudla
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezidakamizwa nokudla kwenzeka lapho ukudla okuthile, iziphuzo, noma izakhamzimba kuthinta indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo emzimbeni. Imiphumela ingahluka: umuthi awusebenzi kahle, imiphumela yawo iba namandla kakhulu, noma ingozi yemiphumela emibi iyanda. Ngenxa yokuthi izidakamizwa zisebenza ngokumunca, ukusatshalaliswa, ukugaya ukudla, kanye nokukhipha, lokho esikudlayo nakho "kungaguqula" izindlela zale mithi. Ukuqonda lokhu kusebenzisana kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abaphuza imithi njalo, asebekhulile, abesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye neziguli ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona.
Kungani ukudla kungathinta imithi?
Uma kuthathwa imithi, umzimba kumele uqale uyimunce ngomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Ukudla kunganciphisa noma kusheshise ukukhishwa kwesisu, kushintshe amazinga e-asidi, kuthinte ama-enzyme okugaya ukudla, futhi kuhlanganyele ngqo nezithako ezisebenzayo zomuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye ukudla kuthinta ama-enzyme esibindi (njengesistimu ye-enzyme ye-CYP450) abhekene nokugaya imithi, okubangela amazinga egazi ukuba akhuphuke noma ehle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithi ingathinta nokumuncwa kwezakhamzimba ezithile, okuholela ekusweleni kwamavithamini noma amaminerali ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
Izinhlobo zokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa nokudla
Ngokuvamile, ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa nokudla kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana:
1. Ukusebenzisana okuthinta ukumuncwa
Ukudla okuthile kungabopha izidakamizwa endleleni yokugaya ukudla noma kushintshe izimo zesisu namathumbu ukuze umuthi ungamuncwa kahle.
2. Ukusebenzisana okuthinta imetabolism
Ukudla kungavimbela noma kwandise umsebenzi wama-enzyme esibindi. Ngenxa yalokho, imithi ingase ihlale emzimbeni isikhathi eside noma iphulwe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba isebenze.
3. Ukusebenzisana okuthinta imiphumela yemithi (i-pharmacodynamics)
Ukudla kungaqinisa noma kunciphise imiphumela yezidakamizwa ngokuqondile, isibonelo ngomphumela wako ekucindezelekeni kwegazi, ekuqineni kwegazi, noma emazingeni kashukela.
4. Ukusebenzisana okuthinta isimo sokudla okunempilo
Imithi ethile inciphisa ukumuncwa kwamavithamini/amaminerali, noma ibangele ushintsho ekufiseni ukudla, okuzogcina kuthinte impilo.
Izibonelo zokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa nokudla okuvame ukwenzeka
1. I-Grapefruit kanye neminye imithi
I-Grapefruit yaziwa ngokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwemithi eminingi ngokuvimbela i-enzyme ye-CYP3A4 emathunjini. Ngenxa yalokho, amazinga egazi lomuthi anganda, okubangela imiphumela emibi eyingozi. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi eminye imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol (ama-statin athile), eminye imithi yokucindezela kwegazi, imithi yokuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo, kanye neminye imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka. Ngenxa yokuthi imiphumela ye-grapefruit ingaba isikhathi eside impela, ukuyigwema ngokuvamile kuyindlela ephephile uma uxwayiswa udokotela noma usokhemisi.
2. Ubisi, i-calcium, kanye nama-antibiotic athile
Imikhiqizo yobisi kanye nezithako ze-calcium zingabopha ama-antibiotic e-tetracycline (isb., i-doxycycline) kanye ne-fluoroquinolones (isb., i-ciprofloxacin), zinciphise ukumuncwa kwawo. Lokhu kungenza ama-antibiotic angasebenzi kahle futhi kwenze kube nzima ukwelapha ukutheleleka. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi ushiye igebe lamahora amaningana phakathi kokuthatha imithi nokuphuza ubisi noma izithako zamaminerali ezifana ne-calcium, i-magnesium, noma i-iron.
3. I-Vitamin K emifino eluhlaza kanye ne-warfarin
I-Warfarin iyi-blood thinner ethinteka kakhulu ngokudla i-vitamin K. Imifino eluhlaza njenge-spinach, i-kale, i-broccoli, kanye ne-mustard greens ine-vitamin K eningi, enganciphisa imiphumela ye-warfarin, okwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi iziguli kufanele ziyeke ukudla imifino, kodwa ukuhambisana kubalulekile: ukudla i-vitamin K kumele kuhambisane nsuku zonke ukuze umthamo wemithi ulungiswe ngendlela efanele.
4. I-caffeine kanye nemithi ethile
I-caffeine esekhofini, etiyeni, naseziphuzweni zamandla ingadala imiphumela evuselelayo, inyuse izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, noma ibangele ukukhathazeka uma ithathwa ngemithi ethile. Kwabanye abantu, i-caffeine ixhumana nemithi ye-asthma (njenge-theophylline) noma eminye imithi ebandayo equkethe imithi yokuqeda ukuminyana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-caffeine ingaphazamisa ubuthongo, yize eminye imithi idinga ukuphumula okwanele ukuze ilulame.
5. Utshwala nezinhlobo eziningi zezidakamizwa
Utshwala lungenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu "ukusebenzisana kwezisusa." Utshwala lungathuthukisa imiphumela yokudambisa yemithi efana nama-antihistamine amadala, amaphilisi okulala, imithi yokukhathazeka, kanye neminye imithi yobuhlungu, okwandisa ingozi yezingozi nezinkinga zokuphefumula. Utshwala luphinde lubeke ubunzima esibindini; uma luhlanganiswa nemithi ephinde isetshenziswe esibindini, ingozi yokulimala kwesibindi inganda. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, utshwala bungadala ne-hypoglycemia uma buhlanganiswa ne-insulin noma imithi ethile.
6. Ukudla okunosawoti omningi kanye nemithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi
Eminye imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi isebenza ngokusiza umzimba ukukhipha i-sodium namanzi, noma ngokukhulula imithambo yegazi. Ukudla usawoti omningi kwenza kube nzima ukulawula umfutho wegazi, futhi imithi ingase ibonakale ingasebenzi kahle. Ezigulini ezine-hypertension, izinguquko zokudla zivame ukudingeka ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okuhle.
7. Ubhanana, amawolintshi, kanye nemithi ekhulisa i-potassium
Izithelo ezithile zicebile nge-potassium. Kubantu abathatha imithi engakhuphula amazinga e-potassium (isibonelo, eminye imithi yokucindezela kwegazi efana ne-ACE inhibitors noma i-potassium-sparing diuretics), ukudla i-potassium eningi kakhulu kungandisa ingozi ye-hyperkalemia. Izimpawu zingafaka ubuthakathaka, isicanucanu, ngisho nokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo. Lokhu akusho ukugwema izithelo ngokuphelele, kodwa kudinga ukuqapha kanye neseluleko sezokwelapha.
Imithetho ejwayelekile: phuza ngaphambi, ngemva, noma ngesikhathi sokudla?
Abantu abaningi bayadideka ngokuthi kufanele bathathe nini imithi. Ngokuvamile:
– “Esiswini esingenalutho” ngokuvamile kusho ihora eli-1 ngaphambi noma amahora ama-2 ngemva kokudla. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukumuncwa kahle komuthi futhi kugwema ukuphazamiseka kokudla.
– “Ngemva kokudla” kuvame ukunconywa ngemithi engacasula isisu noma ibangele isicanucanu. Ukudla kusiza ukuvikela ulwelwesi lwesisu.
– “Ngokudla” kungasho ukuthi umuthi umuncwa kangcono uma kunamafutha noma ukudla okuthile, noma ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yesisu.
Noma kunjalo, le mithetho iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomuthi. Ungathembeli ekuhlakanipheni okuvamile; funda ilebula bese uthintana nosokhemisi wakho.
Amaqembu adinga ukuqapha kakhudlwana
Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa nokudla kuyingozi kakhulu ku:
– Ukuguga, ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi nezinso kanye nokusetshenziswa njalo kwemithi eminingi (i-polypharmacy).
– Iziguli ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, izinkinga zenhliziyo, izifo zezinso kanye nezinkinga zesibindi.
– Omama abakhulelwe nabancelisayo, ngoba izinguquko zomzimba zingathinta amazinga emithi kanye nokuphepha komntwana osanda kuzalwa/osana.
– Abantu abathatha izithasiselo zamakhambi njenge-ginkgo, i-ginseng, noma i-St. John's wort (kwamanye amazwe). Ngisho noma “zingokwemvelo,” amakhambi asengasebenzisana kakhulu nemithi.
Indlela yokuvimbela ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa nokudla
Ezinye izinyathelo eziwusizo ezingathathwa:
1. Funda ilebula lemithi kanye nencwajana yolwazi: ngokuvamile kunezixwayiso mayelana nokudla/iziphuzo okudingeka zigwenywe.
2. Bhala uhlu lwazo zonke izidakamizwa nezithako zokudla ozisebenzisayo, okuhlanganisa amavithamini, imithi yamakhambi, kanye nezithako zokudla. Bonisa udokotela/usokhemisi wakho.
3. Buza ngokuqondile: “Ingabe lo muthi ungathathwa nobisi? Ikhofi? Itiye? Utshwala? Ingabe kufanele uthathwe ngaphambi noma ngemva kokudla?”
4. Gcina amaphethini okudla ahambisanayo, ikakhulukazi uma uthatha imithi ezwela izakhamzimba ezithile (isibonelo, i-warfarin).
5. Vumela isikhathi uma kudingeka, isibonelo phakathi kwama-antibiotic athile kanye nezithako zobisi noma amaminerali.
6. Qaphela izimpawu ezingavamile: isiyezi esikhulu, isicanucanu esinzima, ukuqubuka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngamandla, ukopha, noma izinguquko ezinkulu emazingeni omfutho wegazi/kashukela.
7. Ungayeki ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela, noma ngabe usola ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwale mithi.
I-Penutup
Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa nokudla kuyinkinga yangempela engathinta impumelelo yokwelashwa nokuphepha kweziguli. Okunye ukusebenzisana kwenza imithi ingasebenzi kahle, kanti eminye ingabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Isihluthulelo ulwazi olunembile, imikhuba yokusebenzisa njalo, kanye nokuxhumana nodokotela wakho kanye nosokhemisi. Ngokuqonda ukuthi yini engasetshenziswa nengafanele ithathwe ngemithi, singakhulisa izinzuzo zokwelashwa ngenkathi sinciphisa izingozi ezingafuneki.
Uma ufisa, ngingahlela lesi sihloko sibe ngqo, isibonelo ngemithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi, isifo sikashukela, ama-antibiotic, noma ifomethi yebhulogi yezempilo enezihlokwana ezimfushane kakhulu namaphuzu ezinhlamvu.
