Indlela Yokuvimbela Ukusabalala Kwezifo Ezibangelwa Yi-Nosocomial
Ukutheleleka kwe-nosocomial ukutheleleka okwenzeka esibhedlela noma kwesinye isikhungo sezempilo, kodwa kwakungekho noma kufukamela ngesikhathi sokungeniswa. Lokhu kutheleleka kuyinkinga enkulu ngoba kungenza isimo sesiguli sibe sibi kakhulu, kwandise isikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela, kwandise izindleko zezokwelapha, futhi kwandise ingozi yokufa. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka kwe-nosocomial kubalulekile. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka kwe-nosocomial.
1. Ukuhlanzeka Kwezandla
Ukugeza izandla ngendlela efanele futhi evame ukusetshenziswa kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo ezibangelwa yi-nosocomial. Izibhedlela nezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi izindawo zokugeza izandla zifinyeleleka kalula, okuhlanganisa nezinki ezinensipho namanzi noma i-sanitizer yezandla esekelwe otshwaleni. Abasebenzi bezempilo kufanele bahlanze izandla zabo ngaphambi nangemva kokuthinta isiguli, ngemva kokuthinta izindawo ezingcolile, nangemva kokususa amagilavu.
Izinyathelo Zokugeza Izandla Ngendlela Efanele:
1. Manzisa izandla zakho ngamanzi ahlanzekile agobhozayo.
2. Sebenzisa insipho eyanele.
3. Hlikihla zonke izindawo zezandla zakho, okuhlanganisa nengemuva lezandla zakho, phakathi kweminwe yakho, nangaphansi kwezinzipho zakho, okungenani imizuzwana engama-20.
4. Hlanza izandla zakho ngamanzi ahlanzekile agobhozayo.
5. Sula izandla zakho ngethishu noma ngethawula elihlanzekile.
2. Ukuhlanza Imishini Yezokwelapha
Ukuhlanza amadivayisi ezokwelapha kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwe-nosocomial. Wonke amadivayisi ezokwelapha asetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokuhlasela noma ekuhlinzeni kumele ahlanzwe kahle. Izindlela zokuhlanza zingahluka, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa komusi, ukushisa okomile, noma amakhemikhali. Izibhedlela kumele futhi zihlole futhi zinakekele la madivayisi njalo.
Amasu Okuhlanza Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha:
– Ukuhlanza ngomusi (i-Autoclave): Ukusebenzisa umusi oshisayo ocindezelwe ukubulala amagciwane.
– Ukuhlanza Ukushisa Okwomile: Ukusebenzisa ihhavini elomile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
– Ukuhlanza Amakhemikhali: Ukusebenzisa izixazululo zamakhemikhali ezifana notshwala noma i-ethylene oxide.
– Imisebe: Ukusebenzisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet noma ye-gamma.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (i-PPE)
Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE), njengemaski, amagilavu, izingubo zokugqoka, kanye nezihlangu zobuso, kungavikela abasebenzi bezempilo kanye neziguli engcupheni yokutheleleka. I-PPE kufanele isetshenziswe ngokwezinqubo ezijwayelekile futhi ishintshwe njalo ukuze kugwenywe ukungcola. I-PPE kufanele igqokwe ezimweni ezithile, njengalapho kwenziwa izinqubo eziyingozi kakhulu, ukwelapha iziguli ezinezifo ezithathelwanayo, noma lapho kunengozi yokuchayeka oketshezini lomzimba.
Indlela Yokusebenzisa I-PPE Kahle:
1. Ukugqoka Amagilavu:
– Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokugqoka amagilavu.
– Khetha usayizi wegilavu ofanele.
– Qiniseka ukuthi amagilavu awavuzi noma akawonakele.
2. Ukugqoka imaski:
– Qiniseka ukuthi imaski imboza impumulo yakho nomlomo wakho kahle.
– Shintsha imaski uma iba manzi noma ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
3. Ukugqoka Ingubo:
– Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela uma kunengozi yokuthintana noketshezi lomzimba noma igazi.
– Shintsha ingubo ngemva kokusebenzisa kanye noma uma ithinta uketshezi lomzimba.
4. Ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo
Ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yesibhedlela nakho kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka. Izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa njengezibambo zomnyango, izinkinobho ze-lifti, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha ephathekayo kufanele zihlanzwe futhi zihlanzwe amagciwane njalo. Hlanza izindawo zokulala zeziguli, phansi, kanye nezinye izindawo ezingase zingcoliswe. Kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa izihlanzi ezisuselwe kumagciwane ezisebenza kahle ekulweni namagciwane avamile.
Ukuhlanzeka Nokubulala Amagciwane:
– Isixazululo Sokuhlanza: Sebenzisa ikhambi lokuhlanza elinconywayo ukubulala noma yiziphi izinto eziphilayo ezikhona.
– Imvamisa Yokuhlanza: Izindawo ezithintwa njalo kufanele zihlanzwe okungenani kanye ngosuku ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokudluliselwa kwegciwane.
– Ukuphathwa Kwemfucuza Yezokwelapha: Beka imfucuza yezokwelapha ezitsheni ezikhethekile ezinikeziwe bese uyilahla ngokwezinqubo ezifanele.
5. Ukugoma Nokugoma
Izisebenzi zezempilo kanye neziguli kumele zithole imijovo efanele kanye nemijovo yokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingadala ukutheleleka kwe-nosocomial. Imijovo efana ne-influenza, i-hepatitis B, kanye ne-tetanus ibalulekile kubasebenzi bezempilo. Ukugoma okuvamile kweziguli, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona noma amasosha omzimba abuthaka, nakho kubalulekile.
Ukubaluleka Kokugoma:
– Abasebenzi Bezempilo: Ukuvikela abasebenzi ezifweni ezingasakazeka ezigulini.
– Iziguli: Nciphisa ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithelelanayo ngesikhathi usesibhedlela.
6. Ukuphathwa Okufanele Kwama-Antibiotic
Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic kungandisa ingozi yokuthola amabhaktheriya angamelani nama-antibiotic, okuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokutheleleka kwe-nosocomial. Ngakho-ke, ama-antibiotic kufanele asetshenziswe ngokwezincomo zikadokotela futhi kuphela uma kudingeka.
Izimiso Zokusebenzisa Ama-Antibiotic:
– Ukusetshenziswa Ngokuhlakanipha: Ama-antibiotic kufanele anikezwe kuphela uma kudingeka ngempela futhi ngokuya ngohlobo lokutheleleka okwelashwayo.
– Ukuqapha Ukusebenza Kahle: Qapha impendulo yesiguli kuma-antibiotic bese ulungisa umthamo noma uhlobo lwe-antibiotic uma kudingeka.
– Ukubonisana Nochwepheshe: Faka isazi sezinto ezincane zemitholampilo noma umeluleki wezifo ekuphathweni kokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwama-antibiotic.
7. Imfundo Nokuqeqeshwa
Imfundo nokuqeqeshwa ngokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-nosocomial kufanele kunikezwe bonke abasebenzi basesibhedlela, okuhlanganisa abasebenzi bokuhlanza, abahlengikazi, odokotela, kanye nochwepheshe belebhu. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake phakathi amasu okugeza izandla, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE), izinqubo zokubulala inzalo, kanye nezinyathelo zokuhlanzeka kwemvelo.
Izinhlelo Zemfundo Nokuqeqesha:
– Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi Abasha: Nikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo ngokuvimbela ukutheleleka kubasebenzi abasha.
– Ukuqeqeshwa Okuvamile: Qhuba ukuqeqeshwa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bahambisana nezinqubo zakamuva.
– Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza: Hlola ukuhambisana kwabasebenzi nezinqubo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka bese unikeza impendulo kanye nokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe njengoba kudingeka.
8. Ukuhlukaniswa Kweziguli Ezithelelekile
Iziguli ezaziwayo noma okusolwa ukuthi zinesifo esithathelwanayo esingase sisakazekele kwezinye iziguli kufanele zibekwe ekamelweni lokuzihlukanisa. Igumbi lokuzihlukanisa kumele libe nezindawo ezikhethekile kanye nezinqubo eziqinile zokuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka kwezinye izindawo.
Ukuphathwa Kweziguli Ezihlala Zodwa:
– Igumbi Elikhethekile Lokuhlukaniswa: Sebenzisa igumbi elinesistimu yokungenisa umoya efanele iziguli ezidinga ukuhlukaniswa.
– Izinqubo Zezempilo: Sebenzisa imithetho eqinile yokusetshenziswa kwe-PPE kanye nokuhlanzeka lapho uxhumana neziguli ezizimele.
– Imikhawulo Yezivakashi: Nciphisa inani lezivakashi ezivunyelwe ukungena egumbini lokuzihlukanisa futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izivakashi zigqoka i-PPE efanele.
Isiphetho
Ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo ezibangelwa yi-nosocomial kudinga indlela ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa ukuhlanzeka kwezandla, ukubulala amagciwane kumadivayisi ezokwelapha, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE), ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo, ukugoma, ukuphathwa okufanele kwama-antibiotic, imfundo nokuqeqeshwa, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kweziguli ezinegciwane. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo, izibhedlela nezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo kunganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwe-nosocomial, kuthuthukise ukuphepha kweziguli, futhi kuhlinzeke ngezempilo ezingcono.
