Amasu Okuqeqesha Nge-Psychoprophylaxis Ekubelethweni Kwengane
Ukubeletha kuyinqubo yemvelo yomzimba, kodwa kuvame ukuhambisana nemizwa yokwesaba, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokucindezeleka. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwemizwa nokucindezeleka kungathinta ukuqonda ubuhlungu, kuphazamise ukusebenza kahle kokufinyela, futhi kunciphise induduzo kamama. Enye indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi engeyona eyemithi yokusiza omama ukuthi babhekane nokubeletha i-psychoprophylaxis. Le ndlela ihlanganisa imfundo, ukuqeqeshwa kwengqondo, ukuphumula, kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba—ikakhulukazi ukuphefumula—ukusiza omama ukuthi babhekane nokubeletha ngokuthula okukhulu, ukulawula, kanye nokuzethemba.
Incazelo ye-psychoprophylaxis
Ngokuvamile, i-psychoprophylaxis ekubelethweni iyindlela yokulungiselela ehlose ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa izimpendulo ezingezinhle zengqondo (ukwesaba nokukhathazeka) ngokunikeza ulwazi kanye nokusebenzisa amakhono athile. Empeleni, umama (nomnakekeli wakhe) uqeqeshwe ukuqonda inqubo yokubeletha, ukuqaphela izinguquko zomzimba, kanye nokuthuthukisa amasu okubhekana nokusikwa. I-Psychoprophylaxis ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nomqondo "womjikelezo wokwesaba-ukucindezeleka-ubuhlungu": lapho wesaba kakhulu, umzimba uba lukhuni kakhulu; ukucindezeleka kwandisa ubuhlungu; ubuhlungu bukhulisa ukwesaba. Ngokuphula lo mjikelezo, okuhlangenwe nakho kokubeletha kulindeleke ukuthi kube nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kakhudlwana.
Inhloso yokuqeqeshwa kwe-psychoprophylaxis
Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-Psychoprophylaxis kunezinhloso eziningana eziyinhloko, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokwesaba ukubeletha ngemfundo nokulungiselela ingqondo.
2. Thuthukisa amakhono kamama okubhekana nesimo, ukuze ukuminyana kwesisu kubhekwe ngenkuthalo, hhayi ngokwesaba.
3. Kuthuthukisa ukuphumula nokulawula ukuphefumula, okusiza ukonga amandla, ukugcina umoya-mpilo, nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwemisipha.
4. Khuthaza ukubambisana phakathi komama nabangane ukuze kudalwe ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo okuqhubekayo.
5. Khulisa ukuzethemba kukamama kanye nokuzibandakanya kwakhe ekwenzeni izinqumo ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zamasu okuqeqesha
Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-Psychoprophylaxis kuvame ukufaka izingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile, ezihambisanayo. Lokhu okulandelayo amasu asetshenziswa kakhulu.
1. Imfundo mayelana nenqubo yokubeletha
Imfundo iyisisekelo sokuvimbela ingqondo. Ukwesaba okuningi kuvela ekungazini noma ulwazi olungelona iqiniso. Ngesikhathi sezifundo, omama kudingeka baqonde:
– Izigaba zokubeletha (isigaba I, II, III, kanye nesikhathi sokuqala sokululama).
– Izimpawu zokubeletha kanye nesikhathi sokuya esikhungweni sezempilo.
– Lokho umzimba okuzwayo ngesikhathi sokusikwa, ukuvulwa, kanye nokwehla kwekhanda lomntwana.
– Izinqubo ezijwayelekile ezikhungweni zezempilo (ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi, ukuqapha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kombungu, ukuqaliswa kokwelashwa uma kudingeka).
– Izinketho zokulawula ubuhlungu, kokubili okungezona ezemithi kanye nezemithi.
Ngokuqonda okufanele, omama bangachaza imizwa yomzimba njengengxenye yenqubo evamile, hhayi “njengosongo” olubangela ukwesaba.
2. Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula okuqondisiwe
Amasu okuphefumula ayisisekelo sezindlela eziningi zokulungiselela ukubeletha. Umgomo wabo akukhona "ukuqeda" ubuhlungu ngokuphelele, kodwa kunalokho ukusiza umama alondoloze isigqi, ukugxila, kanye nokuphumula. Amanye amaphethini okuphefumula avame ukusetshenziswa afaka:
– Ukuphefumula kancane nangokujulile: kwenziwa phakathi noma ekuqaleni kokufinyela ukuze kuncishiswe umsebenzi wesimiso sezinzwa esinozwela (impendulo yokucindezeleka).
– Ukuphefumula okunesigqi: ukuphefumula okufushane nokuvamile kulandela ukuqina kokufinyela, okusiza ukugcina ukugxila.
– Ukuphefumula kwesikhashana (kwesigaba sokuqala esithuthukile): indlela yokuphefumula esheshayo kodwa elawulwayo, ukuze umama angabambeli umoya wakhe noma aqine ngokweqile.
– Ukuphefumula ngenkathi ucindezela: kuqondiswe ngendlela yokuthi umama acindezele ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokubamba umoya isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngokwemiyalelo yesisebenzi sezempilo.
Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula kufanele kwenziwe ngokuphindaphindiwe phakathi nokukhulelwa ukuze kube umkhuba ozenzakalelayo ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
3. Ukuphumula kwemisipha nokukhululwa kokucindezeleka
Ukucindezeleka kwemisipha—ikakhulukazi emhlathini, emahlombe, emhlane, kanye naphansi kwe-pelvic—kungenza ubuhlungu bube bubi nakakhulu. Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-Psychoprophylaxis kuvame ukufaka:
– Ukuphumula okuqhubekayo: ukuqinisa nokuphumula amaqembu emisipha ngokushintshana ukuze kubonwe umehluko phakathi kokucindezeleka nokuphumula.
– Ukuphumula okungenamsebenzi: imisipha ephumuzayo ngosizo lokuphefumula, isiphakamiso, noma isiqondiso sezwi.
– Amasu okuphumula umhlathi namahlombe: ngoba ukucindezeleka komzimba ongaphezulu kuvame ukuhlobana nokucindezeleka kwe-pelvic.
Ukuphumula okuhle kusiza umzimba ukuthi usebenze kahle, okuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa ukufinyela kanye nokukhulisa umlomo wesibeletho.
4. Ukubona ngeso lengqondo kanye neziphakamiso ezinhle
Izici zengqondo zithonya kakhulu izimpendulo zobuhlungu. Ukubona ngeso lengqondo kukhuthaza ukugxila ezithombeni ezizolisayo noma ukunikeza incazelo enhle ekuncipheni, njengokucabanga ngamagagasi afikayo naphumayo, noma umnyango ovuleka kancane kancane. Iziphakamiso ezinhle zingafaka phakathi iziqinisekiso ezinjengokuthi "umzimba wami uyazi ukuthi kufanele ubelethe kanjani" noma "ukunciphe ngakunye kungisondeza ekuhlanganeni nomntwana wami."
Le ndlela isiza ekunciphiseni "ukubhubhisa," okuwukuthambekela kokucabanga ngezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okuvame ukwandisa ukukhathazeka nokuqonda ubuhlungu.
5. Izivivinyo zesikhundla kanye nokunyakaza
Omama abaningi bazizwa bekhululekile kakhulu uma benikezwa inkululeko yokuhamba. Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-Psychoprophylaxis kuhlanganisa ukwethula izikhundla zokubhekana nokusikwa kwesisu nokusiza ngokwehla komntwana, njengokuthi:
– Yima noma uhambe kancane
– Bamba umlingani wakho ngenkathi unyakazisa i-pelvis yakho
- Hlala ebholeni lokubeletha
– Ukuthambekela kwesobunxele (ikakhulukazi ukuphumula)
- Indawo yokukhasa ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu emhlane
Ukunyakaza okufanele kungandisa induduzo futhi kusize inqubo yokubeletha iqhubeke ngokushesha, uma nje kungekho ziphazamiso zezokwelapha.
6. Ukusekelwa kokuqeqeshwa kozakwethu
Ukuba khona komngane oqeqeshwe kahle kungandisa umuzwa wokulondeka komama. Umngane angasiza ngokuthi:
- Kukhumbuza ngesigqi sokuphefumula futhi kunikeza iziqondiso ezilula
– Nikeza ukubhucungwa okulula emhlane noma emahlombe angaphansi
– Ukunikeza iziphuzo, ukugcina isimo esizolile, kanye nokuba “ibhuloho lokuxhumana” nabasebenzi bezempilo.
– Ukunikeza ukuthinta okusekelayo, amazwi aduduzayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zikamama ziyahlangatshezwa.
Ukuqeqeshwa komlingani kubalulekile ukuze ukwesekwa kungabi yinto engenzi lutho, kodwa kube ngokoqobo futhi kuhambisane.
7. Amasu okuthinta, ukubhucunga, kanye nokumelana nokucindezela
Ukuthinta kokwelapha kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi kusize ukususa ukugxila ebuhlungwini. Amasu avame ukufundiswa ahlanganisa:
– I-Effleurage: ukuphulula isisu noma amathanga kancane kulandela isigqi sokuphefumula
– Ukucindezela okuphambene: ukucindezeleka endaweni engezansi yomhlane (okuvamile ebuhlungwini bomhlane ngenxa yesimo somntwana)
– Ukuhlikihla amahlombe nentamo: kunciphisa ukucindezeleka emzimbeni ongaphezulu
– Ukucindezela okufudumele noma okubandayo: lungisa ukusabela komzimba kamama
Le ndlela ihlukile komunye nomunye; ukuqeqesha kusiza omama ukuthi bakhethe ukuthi iyiphi ekhululekile kakhulu.
Isikhathi kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa
Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-Psychoprophylaxis kufanele kuqala ku-trimester yesibili noma ekuqaleni kwesithathu, okuvumela omama isikhathi esanele sokuzijwayeza. Lolu hlelo lungaqhutshwa emakilasini angaphambi kokubeletha ngababelethisi/abahlengikazi, abafundisi bokulungiselela ukubeletha, noma abanye ochwepheshe bezempilo. Izikhathi zivame ukufaka ithiyori emfushane, imiboniso, izivivinyo ezisebenzayo, kanye nokulingisa ukuncipha kwesisu kusetshenziswa i-timer ukusiza omama bajwayelane nesigqi.
Isihluthulelo se-psychoprophylaxis ephumelelayo ukuzijwayeza njalo. Amasu okuphefumula nokuphumula aqondwa ngokwemfundiso kuphela avame ukuba nzima ukuwasebenzisa ngesikhathi sokufinyela okunamandla, ngakho-ke ukuzijwayeza njalo ekhaya kubalulekile.
Izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo
Ngokuvamile, i-psychoprophylaxis ingasiza omama bazizwe bekulungele kakhudlwana, bezolile, futhi bekwazi kangcono ukuphatha ubuhlungu. Omama abaningi babika okuhlangenwe nakho kokubeletha okuhle ngoba bazizwa belawula kakhudlwana futhi banezindlela zokubhekana nokusikwa. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukubeletha ngakunye kuhlukile. I-Psychoprophylaxis ayiqinisekisi ukuzalwa okungenabuhlungu noma ukungabikho kokungenelela kwezokwelapha. Izimo ezinjengokungeniswa, ukubeletha isikhathi eside, noma izinkinga ezithile zisadinga ukuphathwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.
I-Penutup
Amasu okuqeqesha nge-Psychoprophylaxis ekubelethweni ayindlela ebanzi ehlanganisa imfundo, ukuphefumula, ukuphumula, ukubona ngeso lengqondo, ukubeka indawo, ukwesekwa komngane, kanye namasu okuthinta. Ngokulungiselela umzimba nengqondo, i-psychoprophylaxis isiza omama ukuthi baphule umjikelezo wokwesaba-ukucindezeleka-ubuhlungu futhi babhekane nokubeletha ngokuzethemba okukhulu. Ekugcineni, umgomo omkhulu ukudala isipiliyoni sokubeletha esiphephile, esikhululekile, nesinenjongo—kumama, umntwana, nomndeni.
