Imiphumela Yokubhema Ekukhulelweni
Ukukhulelwa kuyisigaba esibalulekile esiletha izinguquko ezahlukene zomzimba nezingokomzwelo kowesifazane, kanye nokuba yisikhathi esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwengane engaphansi kombungu. Esinye isici esingathinta kabi ukukhulelwa ukubhema. Ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela izinkinga ezahlukene nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo kumama kanye nengane ekhulayo. Lesi sihloko sizochaza kabanzi ngemiphumela ehlukahlukene yokubhema ekukhulelweni, okuhlanganisa izingozi zempilo ezihambisanayo kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezingathathwa.
Imiphumela Yokubhema Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe
Ukubhema kuqukethe izinto ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi njenge-nicotine, i-carbon monoxide, ne-tar, phakathi kwamanye amakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-4.000. Uma owesifazane okhulelwe ebhema, lezi zinto eziyingozi zingangena egazini futhi zifinyelele ku-placenta, lapho zingathinta khona impilo kamama nosana.
1. Ingozi Ekhulayo Ye-Pre-eclampsia:
I-Preeclampsia yisimo esibonakala ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme futhi singaba yingozi kumama kanye nosana. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungandisa ingozi ye-preeclampsia.
2. Izinkinga Zokubeletha:
Abesifazane abakhulelwe ababhemayo basengozini enkulu yezinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izinkinga ze-placenta njenge-placenta previa noma ukuphahlazeka kwe-placenta, kanye nengozi ephezulu yokuqhekeka kwe-membrane ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
3. Isimiso Sokuzivikela Esibuthakathaka:
Ukubhema kungenza buthaka amasosha omzimba wesifazane okhulelwe, kumenze abe sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka. Lokhu kungalimaza impilo kamama nomntwana futhi kungaholela ezinkingeni zokukhulelwa.
4. Izinkinga Zenhliziyo Nokuphefumula:
Abesifazane abakhulelwe ababhemayo bangase babe nengozi enkulu yezinkinga zenhliziyo nezokuphefumula ezifana ne-bronchitis kanye ne-pneumonia. Ukubhema kungenza izimo zenhliziyo namaphaphu zibe zimbi kakhulu, okwandisa ingozi yezinkinga ezengeziwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Imiphumela Yokubhema Embungwini
Umntwana osakhula usengozini enkulu yemiphumela eyingozi yokubhema. Ukuchayeka ezintweni eziyingozi kungabangela izinkinga eziningi zempilo ezinkulu.
1. Isisindo Esiphansi Sokuzalwa (LBW) Izingane:
Ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuhlobene kakhulu nokuzalwa kwesisindo esiphansi. Izingane ezizalwa zinesisindo esiphansi (ngaphansi kwamagremu angu-2.500) zisengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezahlukene zempilo, njengokutheleleka, ukubambezeleka kokukhula, kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula.
2. Ukuvuthwa Kwangaphambi Kwesikhathi:
Ukubhema kungabangela ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okuwukubeletha okwenzeka ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-37 okukhulelwa. Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zivame ukudinga ukunakekelwa okujulile ngemva kokuzalwa futhi zisengozini yezinkinga zesikhathi eside.
3. Isifo Sokufa Kwezinsana Okungazelelwe (i-SIDS):
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwandisa ingozi ye-SIDS. Amakhemikhali akugwayi angathinta ukukhula kwamaphaphu omntwana kanye nesimiso sezinzwa, okungaba nomthelela ekufeni okungazelelwe okungaqondakali.
4. Ukukhubazeka Kokuzalwa kanye Nezinkinga Zofuzo:
Ukuchayeka ekubhemeni intuthu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuye kwahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokukhubazeka kokuzalwa okufana nomlomo oqhekekile kanye nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho. Ukubhema kungandisa nengozi yokukhubazeka kwama-chromosome futhi kuthinte ukukhula kobuchopho bomntwana osanda kuzalwa.
5. Izinkinga Zokukhula Nokuziphatha:
Izingane ezibhema intuthu evela komunye umuntu esibelethweni zisengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga zokukhula kwengqondo nezokuziphatha, njenge-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) kanye nokukhubazeka kokufunda. Lokhu kungathinta amakhono azo ezemfundo kanye nokuxhumana nabantu kamuva ekuphileni.
Ukuvimbela kanye Nezinyathelo Zokuyeka Ukubhema
Ukuyeka ukubhema kuyisinyathelo esingcono kakhulu owesifazane okhulelwe angasithatha ukuze avikele impilo yakhe kanye nempilo yomntwana wakhe ongakazalwa. Nakuba ukuyeka ukubhema kuyinselele, kunezindlela ezahlukene kanye nokusekelwa okutholakalayo ukusiza abesifazane abakhulelwe:
1. Ukubonisana Nezokwelapha:
Ukubonisana nodokotela noma umbelethisi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile. Bangakunikeza ulwazi mayelana nezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema futhi bakunikeze imithi yokushintsha i-nicotine noma eminye imithi ephephile ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
2. Ukusekelwa Komphakathi:
Ukusekelwa okuvela emndenini, kubalingani, nakubangane kubalulekile. Ukuthola ukwesekwa ngokokuziphatha nangokomzwelo kungandisa ugqozi kanye nomdlandla wokuyeka ukubhema.
3. Ukwelashwa Kwamaqembu:
Ukwelashwa kweqembu kanye nokwelulekwa kuyizindlela ezisebenzayo. Ukujoyina iqembu lokusekela eliqukethe abantu abasezimweni ezifanayo kungakunikeza isikhuthazo kanye nokusekelwa okudingekayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuyeka ukubhema.
4. Amasu Okuphumula Nokulawula Ukucindezeleka:
Amasu okuphumula njenge-yoga, ukuzindla, kanye nokuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula kungasiza ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okuvame ukuvela lapho uzama ukuyeka ukubhema. Kubalulekile ukuthola izindlela ezinempilo zokulawula ukucindezeleka nokusekela inhlalakahle yengqondo nengokomzwelo.
5. Imfundo Nokuqwashisa:
Ukuqaphela izingozi zokubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nomthelela wako ekukhuleni kombungu kungaba yisisusa esinamandla sokuyeka. Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngendlela ugwayi ngamunye ongathinti ngayo impilo kamama nomntwana kungasiza ekuqiniseni ukuzimisela kwakho ukugwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
Isiphetho
Ukubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunezingozi eziningi ezinkulu empilweni kamama nosana. Kusukela engcupheni enkulu ye-preeclampsia kanye nezinkinga zokubeletha kumama, kuya esisindweni esiphansi sokuzalwa kanye nokukhulelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi enganeni, imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu. Ukuqonda nokuqaphela ngokuphelele izingozi zokubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni lezi zingozi.
Kubalulekile ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bathole ukwesekwa kanye nezinsiza abazidingayo ukuze bayeke ukubhema, kungaba ngosizo lwezokwelapha, ukwesekwa komphakathi, noma ezinye izindlela. Ukuvikela impilo yakho kanye neyomntwana wakho osakhula kuyinto eza kuqala, futhi yonke imizamo yokuyeka ukubhema iyisinyathelo esikhulu sokukhulelwa okunempilo kanye nekusasa eliqhakazile kumama nengane.
