Imiphumela Yotshwala Ekukhulelweni
I-Pendahuluan
Ukukhulelwa yisikhathi esijabulisayo nesibalulekile empilweni yowesifazane, lapho zonke izinqumo azenzayo zingathinta impilo kamama kanye nengane yakhe engakazalwa. Esinye isinqumo esibalulekile ukugwema ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Nakuba abesifazane abaningi beqaphela izingozi zokubhema nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abaningi abaqapheli ngokugcwele imiphumela emibi yokuphuza utshwala. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngemiphumela yotshwala ekukhulelweni, izingozi ezihlobene nayo, kanye nokubaluleka kokuyeka utshwala phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Utshwala kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengane engakazalwa
Utshwala luyisidakamizwa esibangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Uma owesifazane okhulelwe ephuza utshwala, buwela i-placenta bungene egazini lomntwana. Ngenxa yokuthi umntwana uswele ama-enzyme okugaya utshwala ngempumelelo, amazinga otshwala egazini lomntwana angaba phezulu futhi aqhubeke isikhathi eside kunalawo asegazini likamama.
Utshwala lungathinta izigaba ezahlukene zokukhula kombungu. Ukuphuza utshwala phakathi nekota yokuqala kungaphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho ezibalulekile kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi. Phakathi nekota yesibili neyesithathu, utshwala bungaphazamisa ukukhula ngokomzimba kanye nokukhula kobuchopho.
Isifo Sokungezwani Kotshwala Kwengane Esanda Kuzalwa (i-FASD)
I-Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izimo ezahlukahlukene ezingase zenzeke kubantu abadakwa utshwala ngaphambi kokuzalwa. I-FASD ihlanganisa izifo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), i-Alcohol-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ARND), kanye ne-Alcohol-Associated Physical Birth Defects (ARBD).
Isifo Sotshwala Esingenamntwana (i-FAS)
I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-FASD. Izimpawu ze-FAS zifaka phakathi izici zobuso ezihlukile njengamehlo amancane, udebe oluncane olungaphezulu, kanye nokugoba kwesikhumba okukhulu phakathi kwekhala nodebe oluphezulu. Izingane ezine-FAS zivame ukuba nesisindo esincane sokuzalwa kanye nobude obuphansi, kanye nokukhula kancane. Zingase futhi zithole ukulimala kobuchopho okungapheli okungaholela ezinkingeni zokuqonda nezokuziphatha, njengobunzima bokufunda, ukuphazamiseka kokungakwazi ukunaka, kanye nezinkinga zokuqonda umphakathi.
Isifo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwezinzwa Esihlobene Notshwala (i-ARND)
Isifo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwezinzwa Esihlobene Notshwala (i-ARND) singenye ingxenye yohlu lwe-FASD. Izingane ezine-ARND zingase zingabonisi izici zomzimba ezisobala, kodwa zingaba nezinkinga zokuziphatha nezokuqonda ezifana nezezingane ezine-FAS, njengobunzima bokufunda, izinkinga zenkumbulo, kanye nokuntuleka kokunaka. Lezi zinkinga zivame ukungatholakali kuze kube yilapho izingane zifika eminyakeni yesikole, njengoba izimpawu zingabi sobala njalo kusukela zizalwa.
Ukukhubazeka Kokuzalwa Okuhlobene Notshwala (i-ARBD)
Ama-ARBD ahlobene notshwala ahlanganisa izinkinga zomzimba ezihlobene nokuchayeka otshwaleni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, ukulimala kwezinso, noma izinkinga zokubona nokuzwa. Izingane ezine-ARBD zingase zingabi nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa, kodwa zisadinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okubanzi ukuze zibhekane namaphutha azo omzimba.
Izingozi Zokusebenzisa Utshwala Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa
Akukho izinga eliphephile lokuphuza utshwala.
Izifundo eziningi zikhombisile ukuthi alikho izinga eliphephile lokuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Umonakalo obangelwa utshwala uyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi busetshenziswa kangaki, busetshenziswa kangaki, kanye nokuzwela kwezakhi zofuzo zomntwana osanda kuzalwa. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bezempilo batusa ukugwema utshwala ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Izingozi Kumama
Ngaphezu kwezingozi ezithinta umbungu, ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nakho kungaba yingozi kumama. Utshwala bungandisa ingozi yezinkinga zokukhulelwa, okuhlanganisa ukuphuphuma kwesisu, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye ne-preeclampsia. Abesifazane abaphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa banamathuba amaningi okuthola ukukhulelwa okuphuma ebangeni elingaphandle kwesibeletho, lapho iqanda elivundisiwe lingena khona ngaphandle kwesibeletho, okungaba yingozi kumama uma kungelashwa ngokushesha.
Ukunciphisa Ingozi: Ukuvimbela kanye Nemfundo
Ukuvimbela i-FASD nezinye izifo ezihlobene notshwala kubalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yezizukulwane ezizayo. Imfundo efanele omama abakhulelwe, kanye nokusekelwa yimindeni kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo, kubalulekile.
Imfundo Ngezingozi Zotshwala
Kubalulekile ukuthi ochwepheshe bezempilo banikeze ulwazi olucacile nolunembile mayelana nezingozi zotshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Abesifazane abahlela ukukhulelwa kufanele baziswe ngemiphumela emibi yotshwala ngisho nangaphambi kokuba bakhulelwe, njengoba abesifazane bevame ukungaqapheli ukuthi bakhulelwe emasontweni ambalwa okuqala, isikhathi esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kombungu.
Ukusekelwa Komphakathi Nokwezokwelapha
Abesifazane abangase babe nenkinga yotshwala kufanele bathole ukwesekwa nosizo lokunqoba umlutha wabo ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Izinhlelo zokuvuselela, ukwelulekwa, kanye nokusekelwa komndeni kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni abesifazane ukuba bagweme utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Izifundo Zezimo Nezincomo Ezisebenzayo
Izifundo eziningana zibonise ukuthi ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kanye nemfundo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi ye-FASD. Isibonelo, izinhlelo zokufinyelela umphakathi zibonise ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kotshwala phakathi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ngemuva kokuya emihlanganweni yokufundisa ngezingozi zotshwala.
Ochwepheshe bezempilo kanye nabahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kufanele babuze njalo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kotshwala futhi banikeze ulwazi kanye nokusekelwa okudingekayo ukuze bayeke. Kufanele futhi babandakanye abalingani kanye namalungu omndeni kule nqubo yemfundo, njengoba ukwesekwa komndeni kungabaluleka ekukhuthazeni abesifazane ukuba bayeke utshwala.
Isiphetho
Ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu hhayi nje kuphela ekukhuleni kombungu kodwa nasempilweni kamama. Njengoba kungekho izinga eliphephile lokuphuza utshwala phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bagweme utshwala ngokuphelele futhi bafune ukwesekwa okudingekayo ukuze bafeze lokhu. Imfundo efanele kanye nokusekelwa kungasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni Izinkinga Zotshwala Zengane Esanda Kuzalwa kanye nokuqinisekisa isizukulwane esizayo esinempilo.
