Ukunakekela Omama Abanesifo Sokuxhuzula
Isifo sokuwa yisifo esingapheli sezinzwa esibonakala ngokuthambekela kokuwa okuphindaphindiwe ngenxa yokusebenza okungajwayelekile kukagesi ebuchosheni. Isifo sokuwa sinezinselele ezikhethekile kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, kanye nesikhathi sokubeletha. "Omama abanesifo sokuwa" bangabhekisela kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala abakhulelwe, abahlela ukukhulelwa, noma abasanda kubeletha, abanomlando wesifo sokuwa futhi abangase bathathe imithi yokuvimbela ukuwa (i-AED). Ukunakekelwa okufanele kubalulekile ekuphepheni komama nomntwana, okuhlanganisa nokulawula ukuwa, ukukhetha izindlela zokwelapha eziphephile, ukuqapha emtholampilo, kanye nokusekelwa okwanele kwengqondo nemfundo.
Umthelela wesifo sokuwa ekukhulelweni kanye nomphumela ophambene nalokho
Ezimweni eziningi, ukukhulelwa akukubi kakhulu isifo sokuwa. Kodwa-ke, abanye omama bangase babe nezinguquko ekuvameni kokuwa ngenxa yezinguquko zama-hormone, ukusebenza kwemithi, ukungalali kahle, ukucindezeleka, isicanucanu nokuhlanza okuphazamisa ukunamathela emithini, noma izinguquko ekusakazweni kwemithi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuwa okungalawulwa kuthwala ingozi yokulimala, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, ukufisa ukudla, ukulimala, ngisho nokukhulelwa kwesisu noma ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imithi yokulwa nokuwa inamandla okwelapha isifo sokuwa, okusho ukuthi ingandisa ingozi yokukhubazeka okuthile kokuzalwa, ikakhulukazi uma inikezwa ngemithamo ephezulu noma ihlanganiswa nemithi eminingi.
Ngakho-ke, umgomo oyinhloko wokunakekelwa ukulinganisela izinto ezimbili: ukugcina ukulawula okuhle kokuquleka nokunciphisa izingozi zemithi embungwini. Ngokomthetho, ukuquleka okuphindaphindiwe nokunzima kungaba yingozi njengemiphumela emibi yemithi, noma ngisho nangaphezu kwalokho, okuyingozi kakhulu kunemiphumela emibi yemithi, ngakho ukuyeka imithi ngokuzumayo akuyona inketho ephephile.
Ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokukhulelwa: isigaba esinqumayo kakhulu
Ukunakekelwa okungcono kuqala ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sangaphambi kokukhulelwa, abasebenzi bezempilo (odokotela, ababelethisi, abahlengikazi) badinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele: uhlobo lwesifo sokuwa, uhlobo lokuwa, imvamisa, izimbangela, umlando wesimo sesifo sokuwa, ukunamathela emithini, kanye nomlando wokukhulelwa wangaphambilini. Ukuhlolwa kwemithi yokulwa nokuwa kubalulekile. Uma kungenzeka, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe kusetshenziswa umuthi owodwa (i-monotherapy) ngesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu esisebenzayo, njengoba i-polytherapy ivame ukwandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi enganeni.
Ukwelulekwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kuhlanganisa nalokhu:
1. Ukuhlela ukukhulelwa ukuze owesifazane okhulelwe abe nokuxhuzula okulawulwayo kanye nohlelo lomuthi oluzinzile.
2. Imfundo yokuvimbela izinto ezibangela ukuxhuzula, njengokungalali kahle, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, nokuphuza utshwala.
3. Nikeza i-folic acid njengoba kunconywa ochwepheshe bezempilo. I-folic acid ibalulekile ekunciphiseni ingozi yokukhubazeka kwe-neural tube, ikakhulukazi komama abathatha ama-AED athile.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwezifo ezihambisana nokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka okuvame ukuhambisana nesifo sokuwa futhi okungathinta ukuhambisana nokwelashwa.
Ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha: ukuqapha njalo kanye nokuvimbela ingozi
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abesifazane abanesifo sokuwa kungcono bavakashele ukukhulelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha ngendlela ehlelekile kunalabo abakhulelwe kalula. Ukugxila okuyinhloko ukuqapha ukulawula ukuwa, imiphumela emibi yemithi, kanye nokukhula nokukhula kombungu.
Ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha:
– Ukuqapha imvamisa yokuxhuzula ngedayari yokuxhuzula. Omama bakhuthazwa ukuthi babhale phansi ukuthi ukuxhuzula kwenzeka nini, isikhathi sako, izimpawu zokuqala, kanye nezinto ezingaba yizimbangela.
– Ukuthobela ukuthathwa kwemithi kanye nokuhlolwa uma kukhona ukuhlanza okukhulu okubangela ukuthi imithi ingamuncwa.
– Qapha amazinga emithi uma izindawo zivuma, njengoba amazinga amanye ama-AED engehla ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yokwanda kwe-metabolism kanye nezinguquko zomzimba. Uma amazinga ehla futhi ukuxhuzula kukhuphuka, udokotela kungadingeka alungise umthamo.
– Ukuhlolwa kokukhubazeka kwengane esanda kuzalwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ngokweminyaka yokukhulelwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekutholeni ukungalingani kwesakhiwo kusenesikhathi.
– Imfundo yokuphepha: omama bayelulekwa ukuba bagweme imisebenzi eyingozi njengokubhukuda ngaphandle komngane, ukusebenza ezindaweni eziphakeme, noma ukushayela uma ukuxhuzula kungakalawulwa.
– Ukudla okunempilo kanye nendlela yokuphila: ukulala ngokwanele, ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka. Ukusekelwa komndeni kudlala indima enkulu ekugcineni lezi zinqubo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlinzeki bezempilo kudingeka bahlole izici ezandisa ingozi yokuxhuzula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njenge-anemia enzima, ukutheleleka, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme wokukhulelwa. Izifo ezihambisana nalesi sifo kufanele zelashwe ngokushesha, njengoba zingabangela ukuxhuzula noma zenze isimo sikamama sibe sibi kakhulu.
Ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha: ukubeletha okuphephile kanye nokulungiselela ukuquleka
Iningi lomama abanesifo sokuwa bangabeletha ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ukuhlinzwa kokubeletha akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphandle kokuthi kunesibonakaliso sokubeletha. Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kufanele kubeke phambili ukuvimbela ukuwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ubuhlungu, ukukhathala, ukuphefumula ngokweqile, kanye nokungalali kahle kungabangela ukuwa.
Izinyathelo zokunakekela ngesikhathi sokubeletha zifaka:
1. Qhubeka nokuphuza imithi yokulwa nokuxhuzula njengoba kuhleliwe, kufaka phakathi nesigaba sokubeleka esisebenzayo. Uma umama engakwazi ukuphuza, kufanele kucatshangelwe ezinye izindlela esikhungweni sezempilo.
2. Gcina ubuthongo namandla: nikeza ukwesekwa ukuze umama angakhathali ngokweqile, okuhlanganisa nokucabangela ukuphathwa kobuhlungu (isib. isidambisi-zinhlungu njengoba kubonisiwe).
3. Gwema izinto ezibangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokwehla kwe-hypoglycemia; uketshezi kanye nokudla okunempilo kuyalungiswa ukuze kuhambisane nezimo zezokwelapha.
4. Ukulungiselela izimo eziphuthumayo: indawo yokubeletha kumele ilungele ukubhekana nokuquleka okukhulu, iqinisekise ukuthi umoya uphephile, ibeke ingane ohlangothini lwayo ukuze inciphise ukufutha, futhi inikeze imithi ephuthumayo ngokwezinqubo zezokwelapha.
Ukuqapha ingane esanda kuzalwa nakho kubalulekile, njengoba ukuquleka kukamama kungathinta ukugeleza komoya-mpilo kwengane esanda kuzalwa. Ithimba lokubeletha kufanele lixhumane nodokotela wezifo zokubelethisa kanye nodokotela wezinzwa uma kudingeka.
Ukunakekelwa kwangemva kokubeletha: ukuzivumelanisa nemithi, ukuncelisa, kanye nokuvimbela ukuphindaphinda kwesifo
Isikhathi sangemva kokubeletha sivame ukuba yisikhathi esibucayi ngenxa yokungalali kahle, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokushintsha kwama-hormone okusheshayo kumama. Ukungalali kahle kuyimbangela evamile kakhulu yokuxhuzula. Ngakho-ke, imfundo mayelana nokwabelana ngendima nomndeni kanye namasu okuphumula iyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa.
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha:
– Hlola kabusha imithamo yemithi ngoba i-metabolism yomzimba iyashintsha futhi ngemva kokubeletha. Imithamo ekhuphukile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungadingeka ukuthi udokotela wakho ayilungise ukuze avimbele imiphumela enobuthi.
– Ukusekelwa kokuncelisa: Omama abaningi abanesifo sokuwa bangaqhubeka nokuncelisa. Kodwa-ke, isinqumo sokuncelisa kufanele sicabangele uhlobo lomuthi, isimo somntwana, kanye nokuqapha noma yimiphi imiphumela yokudambisa ingane. Omama abalulekwa ukuba bayeke imithi yabo ukuze bancelise, njengoba ukuwa okuphindaphindiwe kungaba yingozi.
– Ukuphepha kokunakekelwa kwezingane: yeluleka omama ukuthi bancelise noma babambe izingane zabo behleli, bagweme ukugeza ingane yodwa, futhi basebenzise iphedi elithambile lapho beshintsha amanabukeni ukuze banciphise ingozi yokulimala uma kwenzeka ukuxhuzula.
– Ukuhlolwa kwempilo yengqondo: Ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha kungathinta noma ubani, kodwa omama abanezimo ezingamahlalakhona njengesithuthwane bangaba sengozini enkulu. Ukudluliselwa kwengqondo nokusekelwa kufanele kutholakale uma kukhona izimpawu eziyisixwayiso.
Imfundo nokusekelwa komndeni: izinsika zokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo
Ukunakekela umama onesifo sokuwa akugcini nje ezicini zezokwelapha. Ukufundiswa komndeni ngosizo lokuqala ngesikhathi sokuwa kubalulekile: hlala uzolile, ubeke umama ohlangothini lwakhe, khulula izingubo, gwema ukufaka izinto emlonyeni, ubhale phansi isikhathi sokuwa, bese ucela usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ukuwa kuthatha isikhathi eside, kuphinde kubuye ngaphandle kokuqaphela, noma kuhambisana nokulimala okukhulu.
Imindeni idinga futhi ukuqonda ukuthi isifo sokuwa asiyona isithiyo esiphelele sokuthola abantwana. Ngokuhlela kahle ukukhulelwa, ukulawula kahle ukuwa, kanye nokuqapha okufanele, omama abaningi abanesifo sokuwa bangaba nokukhulelwa okuphephile nokubeletha futhi bazale izingane ezinempilo.
Isiphetho
Ukunakekela omama abanesifo sokuwa kudinga indlela ebanzi neqhubekayo kusukela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kuze kube yilapho bekhulelwe, bebeletha, kanye nangemuva kokubeletha. Ukugxila okuyinhloko ukugcina ukulawula ukuwa, ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo kwemithi yokulwa nokuwa, ukuqhuba ukuqapha njalo konina nosana, kanye nokunikeza imfundo yokuphepha kanye nokusekelwa kwengqondo. Ukubambisana phakathi komama, umndeni, umbelethisi, udokotela wezifo zokubelethisa, kanye nodokotela wezinzwa kuzothuthukisa ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa futhi kunciphise ingozi yezinkinga. Ngamasu afanele, omama abanesifo sokuwa banethuba elikhulu lokukhulelwa okunempilo kanye nokuphila komndeni okuphephile.
