Ukunakekelwa Kombelethisi Ezimweni Ze-Mastitis
I-Pendahuluan
I-Mastitis ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zebele okuvame ukwenzeka komama abancelisayo, ikakhulukazi emavikini okuqala ngemva kokubeletha. Lesi simo singahambisana nokutheleleka noma sivele ngaphandle kokutheleleka, futhi ngokuvamile sivela emgudwini wobisi ovalekile, obangela ukuqina kobisi. I-Mastitis kubalulekile ukuyiphatha ngokushesha ngoba ingaphazamisa impumelelo yokuncelisa, inciphise induduzo kamama, futhi yandise ingozi yokuba yithumba lebele uma libambezeleka. Ekwenzeni kokubeletha, ukunakekelwa kwe-mastitis kuhlose ukubhekana nokuvuvukala, ukugcina ukuncelisa, ukuvimbela izinkinga, nokuthuthukisa ikhono likamama lokuzinakekela ngokuzimela.
Incazelo kanye nokuhlukaniswa
Ngokwezokwelapha, i-mastitis ibonakala ngobuhlungu bebele, ukubomvu kwendawo, ukuvuvukala, kanye nomuzwa wokushisa endaweni, kanye nezimpawu zomzimba ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nokubanda. I-Mastitis ingahlukaniswa kanje:
1. I-mastitis engathelelani: ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukuqina kobisi lwebele noma imigudu evalekile ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka okukhulu kwamagciwane.
2. I-mastitis ethelelanayo: yenzeka lapho amagciwane (ngokuvamile i-Staphylococcus aureus) engena ngengono eqhekekile noma ebuhlungu futhi ekhula ezicutshini zebele.
3. Ithumba lebele: inkinga eyengeziwe ngesimo sokuqoqwa kobomvu, okubonakala ngokuqina okushintshashintshayo, ubuhlungu obukhulu, kanye nomkhuhlane oqhubekayo.
Izici Eziyingozi Zokuthola I-Mastitis
Ababelethisi kudingeka bathole izici eziyingozi ukuze kube lula ukuvimbela nokufundisa. Izici ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-mastitis zifaka: indlela yokuncelisa engafanele (ukunamathela okungafanele), ukuncelisa okungajwayelekile, ukukhishwa kwebele okungekuhle, ukucindezela ibele (isb., ama-bra aqinile kakhulu, ukucindezela izikhundla zokulala), izingono ezibuhlungu, umlando we-mastitis, ukukhathala, ukucindezeleka, kanye nesimo esibi sokudla okunomsoco kukamama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwephampu yebele noma ishejuli yokumpompa engajwayelekile nakho kungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kobisi.
Ukuhlolwa Kokubelethisa
Ukuhlola kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekunqumeni ukungenelela okufanele. Umbelethisi wenza umlando ophelele kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, egxile esimweni sokuncelisa.
1. Umlando
Izinto okufanele uzihlole zifaka: ukuqala kwezimpawu, indawo lapho kukhona khona ubuhlungu, ukuba khona komkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukukhathala, umlando wezingono ezibuhlungu, izinguquko ezindleleni zokuncelisa, ukuthi amabele azizwa egcwele kodwa ubisi kunzima ukulwehlisa, nokuthi ngabe ukusebenzisa i-bra noma imisebenzi ecindezela amabele. Ababelethisi bahlola nesimo sengqondo sikamama, njengoba ubuhlungu nokukhathazeka kunganciphisa isisusa sokuncelisa.
2. Ukuhlolwa Komzimba
Umbelethisi uhlola izimpawu ezibalulekile (izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, ukuphefumula), uhlola isimo sebele (ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, izindawo eziqinile/amaqhubu, ukuqina, ukuphakama kokushisa kwendawo), uhlola ingono (izilonda, imifantu), futhi ahlole noma yiziphi izingqimba ezishintshashintshayo ezingase zibonise ithumba. Ukuhlola indlela yokuncelisa kubalulekile futhi: ukuma komama nomntwana, ukunamathela, ukumunca okuphumelelayo, kanye nezimpawu zokukhiqizwa kobisi okwanele (ukuchama, ukukhipha indle, ukukhuluphala).
3. Ukuhlolwa Okusekelayo (uma kudingeka)
Iningi le-mastitis lingatholakala ngokwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zinzima, ziphindaphinda, noma zingathuthuki zingakapheli amahora angu-48, ukudluliselwa kokuhlolwa kobisi lwebele noma i-ultrasound yebele kungacatshangwa njengokuhlola ithumba.
Ukuxilongwa Kwezinkinga Zokubeletha
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni, umbelethisi angenza ukuxilongwa okufana nalokhu:
– I-mastitis komama abancelisayo ihlotshaniswa nokungakhuli kobisi ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kokukhipha ubisi emabeleni.
– Ubuhlungu obukhulu obuhambisana nokuvuvukala kwezicubu zebele.
– Ingozi yokuphazamisa ukuqhubeka kokuncelisa ihlobene nobuhlungu kanye nokungakhululeki ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.
– Ingozi yokuvuvukala kwebele uma ukwelashwa sekwephuzile noma kunganele.
Uhlelo Lokunakekelwa Kwababelethisi (Ukungenelela)
Ukunakekelwa kwe-mastitis kufanele kube okuphelele: ukubhekana nembangela, ukuqeda izimpawu, ukugcina ukukhiqizwa kobisi, kanye nokuvimbela izinkinga.
1. Ukusekelwa Kokuncelisa Nokukhipha Isisu Esibeleni
Isimiso esiyinhloko ukuqhubeka nokuncelisa noma ukukhipha amabele njalo, ngaphandle uma kuneziphazamiso ezithile zezokwelapha. Ukukhipha amabele kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuqina kobisi futhi kusheshise ukululama. Ababelethisi bangenza okulandelayo:
– Khuthaza omama ukuba bancelise kaningi, baqale ngebele elibuhlungu uma lisabekezeleleka (ngoba ukuncela kokuqala kuvame ukuba namandla kakhulu).
– Uma kubuhlungu kakhulu, qala ngebele eliphilile kuqala, bese udlulela ebeleni elithintekile uma sekuvele i-reflex yokwehlisa ijubane.
– Fundisa ukuhlikihla okuncane kusukela endaweni eqinile kuya engonweni ngenkathi uncelisa noma umpompa.
– Ncoma ukuvezwa ngesandla noma ngephampu uma ingane ingakwazi ukukhipha ibele.
2. Ukulungisa Okunamathiselwe kanye Nesikhundla
Ababelethisi kumele bahlole futhi balungise indlela yokuncelisa: umlomo womntwana uvulekile kakhulu, ingxenye enkulu ye-areola ibambekile, isilevu sibambekile, futhi akukho msindo wokuchofoza, okubonisa ukugoba okungekuhle. Ukushintshashintsha kwezikhundla (ukubamba ibhola, imbeleko, ukulala eceleni) kungasiza ukukhipha izingxenye ezahlukene zebele.
3. Ukulawulwa Kokucindezeleka Nobuhlungu
– Ukucindezela okufudumele ngaphambi kokuncelisa kungasiza ekwenzeni ubisi lwebele lube lula.
– Ukucindezela okubandayo ngemva kokuncelisa kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu.
– Ncoma ukuphumula okwanele, ukuphuza amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nokudla okunomsoco okulinganiselayo.
– Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu/yokulwa nokuvuvukala efana ne-ibuprofen noma i-paracetamol ingasetshenziswa ngokuya ngeziphathimandla zendawo kanye nenqubomgomo, kanye nokucabangela ukuphepha komama abancelisayo.
4. Imfundo Yokuvimbela Izingono Ezibuhlungu
Amabele abuhlungu ayindlela yokungena kwamagciwane. Ababelethisi kudingeka bafundise okulandelayo: indlela yokukhipha umntwana kahle ebeleni, ukugcina inhlanzeko yebele ngaphandle kwensipho eningi, ukufaka amaconsi ambalwa obisi lwebele embeleni ngemva kokuncelisa, nokuthuthukisa ukunamathela ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala okuphindaphindiwe.
5. Ukubambisana Ekuhlinzekeni Ama-antibiotic (Uma Kubonisiwe)
Ama-antibiotic ayacatshangelwa uma kukhona umkhuhlane ophezulu, izimpawu zokutheleleka emzimbeni, noma kungekho ngcono ngemva kwamahora angu-24-48 okwelashwa okulondolozayo. Ukukhetha ama-antibiotic kufanele kucabangele ukuphepha ngesikhathi sokuncelisa kanye namaphethini amagciwane endawo. Ababelethisi babambisana nodokotela, baqaphe ukunamathela emithini, futhi bahlole imiphumela emibi.
6. Izindlela Zokubhekisela
Ababelethisi kudingeka bathumele i-imeyili uma:
– Ithumba elisolwayo (ukuguquguquka kwesisindo, ubuhlungu obukhulu, umkhuhlane oqhubekayo).
– Akukho ukuthuthuka ngemva kwamahora angu-48 okwelashwa.
– I-mastitis ephindaphindayo, ehambisana nokwehla kwesisindo okukhulu kumama, noma ukusola ukuthi kukhona okunye ukuxilongwa (isib. ukuvuvukala okungenalo ubisi oludinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe).
– Umama ubonakala ebuthakathaka kakhulu, ephelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, noma enezinye izifo ezihambisana nalesi simo ezikhulisa ingozi yezinkinga.
Ukuqaliswa Kokunakekelwa
Ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa, ababelethisi benza izenzo ezihleliwe: ukuqondisa ukuncelisa, ukwenza ukubhucungwa kwamabele ngendlela efanele, ukusiza omama ukuthola izindawo ezikhululekile, ukurekhoda izimpawu ezibalulekile, ukuqapha ukugeleza kobisi, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi omama bayaqonda ukuthi kufanele babuye nini noma bafune usizo nini. Ababelethisi nabo banikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo, njengoba i-mastitis ivame ukwenza omama bazizwe benecala noma besaba ukuyeka ukuncelisa.
Ukuhlola Nokulandelela
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa zingakapheli amahora angama-24-48 ukuhlola ukwehla komkhuhlane, ukuncipha kobomvu, ukuthuthuka kobuhlungu, kanye nokukhipha ubisi oluphumelelayo. Izimpawu zokunakekelwa okuphumelelayo zifaka phakathi induduzo eyengeziwe ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, ukukhiqizwa kobisi okuqhubekayo, ukudla okwanele komntwana, kanye nokungabikho kwezinkinga ezifana namathumba. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, umbelethisi kufanele ahlole kabusha amathuba okunamathela okungalungile, ukunamathela ekwelashweni, noma ezinye izimo ezidinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Isiphetho
Ukunakekelwa kwababelethisi be-mastitis kugxile ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi, ukukhipha isisu okuphumelelayo, amasu okuncelisa athuthukisiwe, ukuphathwa kobuhlungu, imfundo yokuvimbela, kanye nokunikezwa kwama-antibiotic ngokubambisana uma kudingeka. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo nokufanelekile akugcini nje ngokusheshisa ukululama komama kodwa futhi kugcina ukuqhubeka kokuncelisa futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezinkulu ezifana namathumba ebele. Ngendlela ephelele kanye nokusekelwa okuzwelana, ababelethisi badlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni omama ukuba banqobe i-mastitis futhi balondoloze ukuzethemba ekunceliseni.
Uma ufisa, ngingangeza ifomethi ye-SOAP, isibonelo sokuhlola esiphelele, noma uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwababelethisi olubhalwe kahle (ASKEB) ngokwezindinganiso zasekhempasini/emtholampilo.
