Ukunakekelwa kwababelethisi komama abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa

Ukunakekelwa Kokubelethisa Kwabomama Abanesifo Sikashukela Sokukhulelwa

I-Pendahuluan

Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa yisimo sezokwelapha esibhekene nabesifazane abaningana abakhulelwe emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi simo sibonakala ngamazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini akhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi avame ukuphela ngemva kokubeletha. Nakuba singesesikhashana, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sinemiphumela ebalulekile kokubili kumama kanye nosana. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa okufanele kokubeletha kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa impilo kamama nosana. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngokunakekelwa kokubeletha okunikezwa omama abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.

Incazelo kanye ne-Epidemiology

Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esitholakala okokuqala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Akubona bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe abazoba nalesi simo, kodwa izici ezaziwayo eziyingozi zifaka phakathi ubudala bomama asebekhulile, umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, kanye nomlando wokubeletha umntwana onesisindo esiphezulu sokuzalwa (>4 kg).

Ngokusho kwedatha eshicilelwe yi-World Health Organization (WHO) kanye ne-American Diabetes Association (ADA), ukusabalala kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kusuka ku-1-14% wabo bonke ukukhulelwa, ngokuhlukahluka okusekelwe kubantu kanye nendlela yokuxilonga esetshenzisiwe.

Ukuxilongwa Kwesifo Sikashukela Sokukhulelwa

Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sivame ukutholakala ngokuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela ngomlomo (i-OGTT) okwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-24 nama-28 okukhulelwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola amazinga kashukela egazini ngokuzila ukudla, ukunikeza isisombululo seglucose, kanye nokuhlola kabusha amazinga kashukela egazini ngemva kwehora eli-1 neli-2.

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhombisa amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini, owesifazane okhulelwe uzotholakala enesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa futhi uzodinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile esikhathini esisele sokukhulelwa.

Ukunakekelwa Kokubelethisa Kwabomama Abanesifo Sikashukela Sokukhulelwa

Ukunakekelwa kwababelethisi kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kudinga indlela ephelele neyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa ukuqapha izimo zomama nomntwana osanda kuzalwa, ukuhlela ukudla, umsebenzi womzimba, kanye nokuphathwa kwezokwelapha. Okulandelayo yizingxenye eziyinhloko zokunakekelwa kwababelethisi:

1. Ukuqonda kanye neMfundo

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekunakekelweni kwababelethisi ukunikeza umama ukuqonda okucacile ngesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Le mfundo ihlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, izici eziyingozi, izinkinga ezingaba khona, kanye nokubaluleka kokuphatha lesi simo empilweni kamama nosana.

2. Ukuqapha Amazinga Kashukela Egazini

Ukuqapha ushukela wegazi njalo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwababelethisi kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kuqapha kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazini ahlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele evamile futhi kuvumela ukulungiswa okudingekayo ekuhleleni ukudla kanye nemithi.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bavame ukwelulekwa ukuthi bahlole amazinga kashukela egazini labo (FPG) kanye namazinga kashukela egazini ngemva kokudla. Amazinga kashukela egazini anconywayo afaka:
– Ukuzila ukudla ushukela egazini <95 mgdL - ihora eli-1 ngemva kokudla <140 2 <120 dL 3. Ukuhlela Ukudla Ukudla okunempilo nokuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekuphatheni isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Isazi sokudla noma isazi sokudla ngokuvamile sizosebenzisana nombelethisi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokudla oluhambisana nezidingo zesimo sikamama. Izimiso eziyisisekelo zomama abakhulelwe yilezi: - Ukudla inani elanele lama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-fiber. - Ukuhlukanisa ukudla kube izingxenye ezimbalwa ezincane phakathi nosuku kuvimbela ukwanda koshukela egazini. - Ukugwema iziphuzo ezilula ezinama-calorie amaningi. - Ukwandisa amaprotheni kanye nokudla okunempilo kwamafutha. 4. Umsebenzi Womzimba Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni. Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba, ukubhukuda, kanye ne-yoga yokukhulelwa kungasiza ekwehliseni amazinga egazi futhi kwandise ukuzwela kwe-insulin. Kodwa-ke, xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo mayelana nohlobo kanye nobude bemisebenzi ephephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

5. Ukuphathwa Kwezokwelapha Uma ukuqapha ushukela egazini kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila kunganele ukulawula isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, ukungenelela kwezokwelapha kungadingeka. I-insulin iyindlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu, yize abanye besifazane bengase banikezwe imithi yomlomo yokulwa nesifo sikashukela. Ukusetshenziswa kwale mithi kufanele kube ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela noma udokotela we-endocrinologist. 6. Ukuqapha Umntwana Ukuqapha usana nakho kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwababelethisi omama abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound njalo kuyasiza ekuqapheni ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kosana, kanye nokuthola izinkinga ezifana ne-macrosomia (usana olukhulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqapha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kosana kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni inhlalakahle yosana. Kwezinye izimo, ukuqaliswa kokubeletha kungacatshangelwa uma kunengozi enkulu yezinkinga. 7. Ukulungiselela Ukubeletha kanye Nokubeletha Kwangemva Kokubeletha Omama abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa badinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokulungiselela ukubeletha. Kubalulekile ukunquma indawo ephephile kanye nendlela yokubeletha kokubili kumama nosana. Ukuqapha ushukela egazini kufanele kuqhutshekwe kulo lonke ukubeletha ukuze kuvinjelwe ingozi ye-hypoglycemia noma i-hyperglycemia. Ngemva kokubeletha, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa sivame ukuphela, kodwa omama kusadingeka bahlolwe ushukela wabo egazini emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ngemva kokubeletha ukuqinisekisa ukubuyela ku-normoglycemia. Imfundo ngezingozi zesikhathi esizayo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nokubaluleka kwendlela yokuphila enempilo nayo iyadingeka. Izinkinga Nokuvimbela: Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa esingaphathwa kahle singaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-preeclampsia, kanye nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Embungwini, izingozi zezinkinga zifaka phakathi i-macrosomia, i-hypoglycemia yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, ngisho nokukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kamuva ekuphileni. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela nokuphatha okuphumelelayo kubalulekile. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukuqala ukukhulelwa uphilile. Abesifazane abahlela ukukhulelwa kufanele bahlolwe impilo yabo yonke futhi babonisane ngesisindo somzimba esifanele, ukudla okunempilo, kanye nomsebenzi womzimba ofanele. Isiphetho: Ukunakekelwa kwababelethisi kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kudinga indlela ephelele ehlanganisa ukuqapha, imfundo, ukuhlela ukudla, umsebenzi womzimba, ukuqapha kwezokwelapha, kanye nokulungiselela ukubeletha. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa bangaba nokukhulelwa okunempilo futhi bazale umntwana onempilo. Ulwazi kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ababelethisi, odokotela, kanye nochwepheshe bezokudla kubalulekile ekufinyeleleni imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwababelethisi kulesi simo kanye nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezidingekayo, ingozi yezinkinga ingancishiswa, kuqinisekiswe impilo kamama nomntwana phakathi nokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, kanye nokubeletha.