Ucingo Oluhlanganisiwe Oluthwala Amanje: Izimiso Nezicelo
I-Pendahuluan
Uma sikhuluma ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe besimanje, umqondo owodwa ovame ukuvela yimagnetism kanye nogesi. Enye indlela yokusebenzisa ugesi yintambo egoqekile ethwala ugesi. Le ntambo inikeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene nezici ezingasetshenziswa ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngemiqondo eyisisekelo, izimiso zokusebenza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwentambo egoqekile ethwala ugesi.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo
Empeleni, lapho ugesi ugeleza ngentambo, kukhiqizwa insimu yamagnetic ezungeze intambo. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi umphumela we-Oersted, owatholakala nguHans Christian Ørsted ngo-1820. U-Ørsted wathola ukuthi intambo ephethe ugesi ingathinta inalithi yekhampasi, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona insimu yamagnetic ezungeze intambo.
Uma ucingo oluphethe ugesi lubunjwe njengesiyingi noma ikhoyili, umphumela uzoba mkhulu nakakhulu. Amasimu kazibuthe akhiqizwa yingxenye ngayinye yocingo azoqinisana, adale insimu kazibuthe enamandla phakathi nendawo yekhoyili. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe, njengakuma-motor kagesi, ama-generator, ama-solenoid, namanye amadivayisi kagesi kagesi.
Insimu Kamagnetic Entanjeni Ehlanganisiwe
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi insimu yamagnetic yakheka kanjani izungeze intambo egoqekile, sidinga ukucabangela uMthetho we-Biot-Savart, noma uMthetho ka-Ampere. Lo mthetho uthi insimu yamagnetic ezungeze intambo eqondile ephethe ugesi ilingana nobukhulu bogesi ogeleza kuyo.
Kodwa-ke, lapho kusetshenzwa ucingo olwenziwe ngezihibe noma amakhoyili, insimu kazibuthe ephumayo ingaqiniswa ngokwandisa inani lamajika noma ama-loops. Ingqikithi yentambo ehlanganisiwe insimu kazibuthe egxilile eba namandla maphakathi nekhoyili. Ngaphandle kwekhoyili, insimu kazibuthe iyancipha ngamandla.
Izicelo Empilweni Yansuku Zonke
1. Ugesi kagesi
Enye yezindlela zokuqala nezibaluleke kakhulu zokusebenzisa ugesi othwala ucingo olugoqiwe yi-electromagnet. Ngokusonga ucingo oluthwala ugesi luzungeze umongo wensimbi, singakha insimu yamagnetic enamandla kakhulu. Ama-electromagnet asetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene, kusukela kuma-motor kagesi kuya kumishini yokuphakamisa insimbi embonini yezingcezu.
2. Imoto Kagesi
Injini kagesi ingenye yezinto ezisunguliwe kakhulu ngabantu, incike kakhulu esimisweni sekhoyili yocingo oluthwala ugesi. Kumoto kagesi, ikhoyili lapho ugesi ugeleza khona idala insimu yamagnetic esebenzisana nemagnethi ehlala njalo noma omunye ugesi kagesi. Lokhu kuxhumana kukhiqiza i-torque ejikeleza i-rotor. Ama-motor kagesi asetshenziswa kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene, njengamafeni, amaphampu amanzi, kanye nezimoto zikagesi.
3. Ijeneretha
Amajeneretha asebenza ngesimiso esifanayo nama-motor kagesi, kodwa ngokuphambene. Lapha, ukunyakaza komshini kusetshenziswa ukuzungeza ikhoyili yocingo ensimini yamagnetic, kukhiqize ugesi. Amajeneretha asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi ezitshalweni zamandla, kokubili ezinkulu, njengezitshalo zamandla kagesi, kanye nezincane, njengemishini yasekhaya.
4. I-Transformer
Ama-transformer asetshenziselwa ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa i-voltage kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa kagesi. Ama-transformer aqukethe ama-coil amabili: i-coil eyinhloko kanye ne-coil yesibili. Lapho ugesi ugeleza nge-coil eyinhloko, kukhiqizwa insimu yamagnetic eshintshayo. Le nsimu yamagnetic ingena kwi-coil yesibili futhi ibangele ugesi kuyo. Ngokulungisa inani lokujika kuma-coil ayinhloko nawesibili, singashintsha kalula i-voltage.
5. Ukungeniswa Kwe-Electromagnetic
Isimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, esatholwa nguMichael Faraday, siphinde sithembele ocingweni olugoqekile oluphethe ugesi. Ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic kuchaza ukuthi insimu yamagnetic eshintshayo ingakhiqiza kanjani ugesi ocingweni. Lesi yisimiso esiyisisekelo samadivayisi amaningi obuchwepheshe, njengamajeneretha, ama-transformer, kanye nezinzwa ezisekelwe ekufakweni.
6. I-Solenoid
I-solenoid iyi-coil yocingo lapho ugesi ugeleza khona futhi isetshenziselwa ukudala insimu yamagnetic. Ama-solenoid angasebenza njenge-actuator, aguqule izimpawu zikagesi zibe ukunyakaza komshini. Ama-solenoid asetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiyeni iminyango okuzenzakalelayo, kuma-valve okulawula uketshezi, kanye nasezinhlelweni ezahlukene zezimoto.
Okusebenzayo Nokusetshenziswa Kwezemfundo
Kwezemfundo, amakhoyili entambo ethwala ugesi avame ukusetshenziswa ukukhombisa imiqondo eyisisekelo ye-electromagnetism. Ukuhlolwa okulula njengokwenza i-electromagnet kusuka ku-coil yentambo kungaba yimpumelelo enkulu ekufundiseni izimiso eziyisisekelo zefiziksi zamasimu kazibuthe kanye nokufakwa kwe-electromagnetic. Besebenzisa ibhethri, ucingo oluthile, kanye nesipikili sensimbi, abafundi bangazibonela mathupha ukuthi amasimu kazibuthe akhiqizwa futhi asetshenziswa kanjani.
Ukuphepha Ekusetshenzisweni
Ucingo olugoqekile oluphilayo ludinga ukubhekwa okukhethekile kokuphepha. Ugesi ogeleza ngocingo ungadala ukushisa, okungabangela ukushisa ngokweqile noma ngisho nomlilo uma kungaphathwa kahle. Ukusetshenziswa kocingo olufakwe kahle kanye nohlelo lokupholisa olwanele kubalulekile ekufakweni kocingo olugoqekile oluphilayo, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswayo zamandla aphezulu.
Isiphetho
Amakhoyili athwala ugesi ayisici esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe besimanje. Ngokusekelwe esimisweni esilula sokuthi ugesi ukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe, la madivayisi avule umhlaba wamathuba kokubili emkhakheni wobunjiniyela kanye nesayensi. Kusukela kuma-motor kagesi kuya kuma-generator, ama-transformer kuya kuma-solenoid, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhoyili athwala ugesi kukhulu futhi kuyahlukahluka, okwenza kube yisici esibalulekile empilweni yanamuhla. Lokhu kuphetha incazelo yethu yamakhoyili athwala ugesi, okubonisa hhayi nje ubuhle befiziksi kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kwawo okusebenzayo empilweni yansuku zonke.
Ngokuqonda kahle izimiso kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo, singaziqonda kangcono ubuchwepheshe obusizungezile futhi siqhubeke nokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha ezisekelwe kule mibono eyisisekelo.
