Izinhlobo Zokwehla Kwentengo
Ukwehla kwamandla emali kuyinto evamile kwezomnotho emhlabeni wonke, lapho amanani ezimpahla nezinsizakalo ngokuvamile ekhuphuka khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi simo singavela ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene futhi sibe nomthelela omkhulu emnothweni wezwe. Ekuhlaziyweni komnotho, ukwehla kwamandla emali kuvame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokusekelwe ezimbangela noma izici zako. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwehla kwamandla emali ezivame ukuqashelwa kwezomnotho.
1. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuncane
Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuncane, noma ukwehla kwamandla emali okulawulwayo, kwenzeka lapho amanani enyuka ngo-1-2% kuphela ngonyaka. Kuleli zinga, ukwehla kwamandla emali kuvame ukubhekwa njengokuhle ngoba kubonisa ukukhula komnotho okuzinzile. Abathengi bayaqonda ukuthi amanani ezimpahla nezinsizakalo awakhuphuki kakhulu, ngakho amandla okuthenga awathinteki kakhulu. Amabhange aphakathi emazweni ahlukahlukene avame ukubeka imigomo yokwehla kwamandla emali ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu ukuze alondoloze ukuzinza komnotho.
2. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okulingene
Ukwehla kwamandla emali okumaphakathi, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali okumaphakathi, kwenzeka lapho amanani ezimpahla nezinsizakalo enyuka phakathi kuka-3% no-10% ngonyaka. Kuleli zinga lokwehla kwamandla emali, yize umnotho usasebenza kahle, kunengozi yokuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali kungashesha uma kungaqashelwa eduze. Izimbangela zokwehla kwamandla emali okumaphakathi zingahluka, kusukela ekukhuleni kwesidingo kuya ekunciphiseni ukunikezwa kwezimpahla ezithile.
3. Ukwehla Kwentengo Okuphezulu
Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu kwenzeka lapho izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali lidlula u-10% ngonyaka. Kulesi simo, ukwehla kwamandla emali kungathinta kabi umnotho ngokubangela ukuba amanani ezimpahla nezinsizakalo akhuphuke ngokushesha. Amandla okuthenga ehla kakhulu, futhi ukungaqiniseki komnotho kuyanda. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu kuvame ukudinga ukungenelela kukahulumeni, kungaba ngenqubomgomo yezezimali noma yezezimali.
4. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okungalawulwa noma ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu
Ukwehla kwamandla emali kuyindlela eyingozi kakhulu yokwehla kwamandla emali lapho amanani enyuka khona ngaphezu kuka-50% ngenyanga. Lesi simo singalimaza umnotho wezwe ngoba imali ilahlekelwa yinani ngokushesha okukhulu, okwenza imali eyongiwe ngabantu ingabi namsebenzi futhi kwenze ukuthengiselana kwezomnotho kube nzima. Ukwehla kwamandla emali kuvame ukubangelwa ukungazinzi kwezepolitiki, inqubomgomo yezimali embi, noma ukuwa komnotho ngokuzumayo. Isibonelo esisodwa ukwehla kwamandla emali okwenzeka eZimbabwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-2000.
5. Ukwehla kwamandla emali
Nakuba ukwehla kwentengo kuphambene nokwehla kwentengo, ukuqonda ukwehla kwentengo kuhilela nokuqonda lokhu kwamuva. Ukwehla kwentengo kukhombisa ukwehla okujwayelekile kwezinga lentengo yezimpahla nezinsizakalo. Lesi simo singabangelwa ukwehla kwesidingo esihlanganisiwe, ukwanda kwamandla okuthenga emali ethile, noma ukutholakala ngokweqile kwezimpahla. Nakuba ukwehla kwentengo kungase kubonakale kukuhle ekuqaleni ngenxa yamanani aphansi, empeleni kungabonisa izinkinga ezinkulu zomnotho njengokwehla kwentengo, ukwanda kokungasebenzi, kanye nokukhula komnotho okuhamba kancane.
6. I-Stagflation
I-Stagflation yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezomnotho lapho ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu kanye nokungasebenzi kuhambisana khona, kuyilapho ukukhula komnotho kuqhubeka. Lesi simo siyinselele kubenzi bezinqubomgomo ngoba ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokungasebenzi ngokuvamile akuhambisani. Izinqubomgomo ezihlose ukubhekana nenye yalezi zinkinga zivame ukwenza enye ibe yimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo esidumile se-stagflation senzeka ngawo-1970, lapho inkinga kawoyela ibangela ukuba amanani kagesi akhuphuke, okunciphisa ukukhula komnotho womhlaba.
7. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okubangelwa yisidingo
Ukwehla kwamandla emali okufuna izinto ezidingekayo kwenzeka lapho isidingo esihlanganisiwe emnothweni sikhula ngokushesha kunekhono lomnotho lokukhiqiza izimpahla nezinsizakalo. Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka lapho umnotho ukhula ngokushesha, ukungasebenzi kuphansi, futhi abathengi bethola imali engenayo ekhuphukayo. Lokhu kwanda okungalingani kwesidingo kubangela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhuphule amanani.
8. Ukwehla Kwentengo Okusheshayo Kwezindleko
Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphoqelela izindleko kwenzeka lapho izindleko zokukhiqiza izimpahla nezinsizakalo zikhuphuka, okubangela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhuphule amanani ukuze balondoloze izinzuzo. Izindleko zokukhiqiza ezikhulayo zingavela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, njengokwenyuka kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa, amaholo abasebenzi, noma izindleko zamandla. Isibonelo esisodwa yilapho amanani kawoyela omhlaba wonke enyuka, okubangela ukuba izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokuthutha zikhuphuke, okubangela ukuthi amanani ezimpahla nezinsizakalo akhuphuke.
9. Ukwehla Kwentengo Okuvulekile
Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuvulekile kwenzeka lapho amanani ezimpahla nezinsizakalo enyuka ngendlela esobala kubathengi. Lolu hlobo lokwehla kwamandla emali, oluvame ukulinganiswa nge-consumer price index (CPI), luhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu lokwehla kwamandla emali ngoba luthinta ngqo izidingo zansuku zonke.
10. Ukwehla Kwentengo Okufihliwe
Ngokungafani nokwehla kwamandla emali okusobala, ukwehla kwamandla emali okufihliwe kwenzeka lapho izindleko ezikhuphukayo zifihliwe ekwehleni kwekhwalithi yezimpahla noma izinsizakalo, kunokuba kube ekwenyukeni kwentengo okuqondile. Abakhiqizi bangase bagcine amanani aqinile kodwa banciphise ubukhulu bomkhiqizo noma behlise ikhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenziswayo, okusho ukuthi abathengi bathola okuncane ngemali yabo.
Umthelela Wokwehla Kwentengo
Ukwehla kwamandla emali kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emnothweni. Umphumela omuhle wokwehla kwamandla emali okuncane nokulawulwayo ungakhuthaza ukukhula komnotho ngokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. Kodwa-ke, ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu kunganciphisa amandla okuthenga, kunciphise ukonga komphakathi, futhi kudale ukungaqiniseki komnotho.
Kohulumeni nasemabhange amakhulu, ukulawula ukwehla kwamandla emali kuyisici esibalulekile senqubomgomo yezomnotho. Amabhange amakhulu avame ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afana namazinga enzalo kanye nokusebenza kwemakethe evulekile ukulawula ukunikezwa kwemali nokulawula ukwehla kwamandla emali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ohulumeni bangasebenzisa inqubomgomo yezimali ukuthonya isidingo esihlanganisiwe ngokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi kanye nezintela.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda izinhlobo zokwehla kwamandla emali kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlaziyweni komnotho kanye nokwakhiwa kwenqubomgomo. Uma ukwehla kwamandla emali kuphathwa kahle, umnotho ungakhula ngendlela eqhubekayo futhi eqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwehla kwamandla emali kungalawulwa, kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zomnotho. Kumphakathi, ulwazi mayelana nokwehla kwamandla emali lubasiza ukuba benze izinqumo zezimali ezihlakaniphile, njengokutshala imali, ukonga, kanye nokusebenzisa imali. Ukulawula ngempumelelo ukwehla kwamandla emali kudinga izinqubomgomo zomnotho ezisabelayo kanye nokuqapha ngokucophelela ukuguquguquka komnotho womhlaba wonke nowasekhaya.
