Ukusetshenziswa Kwamasu Okuhlela Aqondile Ekuhleleni
Ukuhlela ngomugqa kuyindlela yezibalo esetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono umsebenzi oqondile, kungaba ngendlela yokukhulisa noma ukunciphisa, ngaphansi kwemingcele ehlukahlukene yomugqa. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo nasekuhleleni emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nokuthutha, ukukhiqiza, ukumaketha, ezezimali, nokunye. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokusetshenziswa kwamasu okuhlela ngomugqa ekuhleleni.
Isingeniso kuhlelo oluqondile
Uhlelo lwe-Linear (LP) yigama elivame ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni lobunjiniyela bezimboni kanye nokusebenza. I-LP iwusizo kakhulu ekuxazululeni izinkinga zokwenza ngcono ezihilela izinsiza ezilinganiselwe. Isibonelo esilula senkinga ye-LP yinkinga yokudla, lapho sifuna ukunciphisa izindleko zokudla ngenkathi sisahlangabezana nezidingo zokudla okunempilo.
Ngokwezibalo, inkinga ye-LP ingavezwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
1. Umsebenzi Ohlosiwe: Umsebenzi ozokwenziwa ngcono (uncishiswe noma ukhuliswe). Isibonelo: ukunciphisa izindleko noma ukukhulisa inzuzo.
2. Izithiyo: Uchungechunge lwezibalo noma ukungalingani okuchaza imikhawulo ekhona. Izibonelo: amandla okukhiqiza, isabelomali, imikhawulo yesikhathi, njalo njalo.
Umsebenzi oqondile kanye nemingcele ivezwa ngendlela eqondile evumela ukuthola ikhambi elifanele kusetshenziswa izindlela zemidwebo (zezinkinga ezimbili eziguquguqukayo), izindlela ze-simplex, noma izindlela zangaphakathi zezinkinga ezineziguquguquko eziningi.
Izigaba Zokusebenzisa Uhlelo Oluqondile
1. Thola Izinkinga Nezinhloso:
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola inkinga ethile ofuna ukuyixazulula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuchaza umgomo wokwenza ngcono, kungaba ukukhulisa inzuzo, ukunciphisa izindleko, noma into efanayo.
2. Ukunqunywa Kweziguquguquko Zesinqumo:
Izinguquko zesinqumo ziyizinto ezingasetshenziswa kumodeli yokuhlela eqondile ukuze kufezwe umgomo. Isibonelo, enkingeni yokukhiqiza, inguquguquko yesinqumo ingaba inani lamayunithi omkhiqizo ngamunye okudingeka ukhiqizwe.
3. Ukwakhiwa Komsebenzi Ohlosiwe:
Ngokusekelwe eziguqukweni zesinqumo, yakha umsebenzi wenhloso ngefomethi yezibalo eqondile. Isibonelo, esimweni sokwenza ngcono izindleko, umsebenzi wenhloso ungafaka izindleko ngeyunithi ngayinye yomkhiqizo eziphindwe ngenani lamayunithi akhiqizwayo.
4. Ukunqunywa Kwezithiyo:
Khomba zonke izithiyo okumele kuhlangatshezwane nazo ngaphakathi komongo wenkinga ekhona. Lezi zithiyo zakhiwe njengezilinganiso eziqondile noma ukungalingani. Isibonelo, imikhawulo emandleni okukhiqiza efektri, isabelomali, isikhathi somsebenzi, njalo njalo.
5. Ukuxazulula Imodeli:
Njengoba umsebenzi wenhloso kanye nemikhawulo yakheke ngokucacile, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuxazulula imodeli kusetshenziswa amasu okuhlela aqondile afanele. Indlela ye-simplex ivame ukusetshenziselwa izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuyilapho izindlela zezithombe zingasetshenziswa ezinkingeni ezilula ezineziguquguquko ezimbili noma ezintathu zesinqumo.
6. Ukuhlaziywa Nokuchazwa Kwemiphumela:
Uma ikhambi selitholakele, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhumusha imiphumela nokwenza ukuhlaziya okudingekayo. Ukuhlolwa kokuzwela kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi izinguquko kumapharamitha zingathinta kanjani imiphumela.
Izibonelo Zokusetshenziswa Ekuhleleni Ukukhiqiza
Cabanga ngenkampani yokukhiqiza ekhiqiza izinhlobo ezimbili zemikhiqizo: u-A no-B. Inkampani ifuna ukunquma inani lokukhiqiza ukuze ikhulise inzuzo iyonke. Ake sithi inzuzo ngeyunithi ngayinye yomkhiqizo u-A ingu-$40 kanti eyomkhiqizo u-B ingu-$30. Le nkampani inemingcele efana nezinto zokusetshenziswa, isikhathi somshini, kanye namandla okusebenza.
Ake sithi sinemininingwane elandelayo:
– Iyunithi ngayinye yomkhiqizo A idinga amakhilogremu angu-3 ezinto zokusetshenziswa kanti umkhiqizo B udinga amakhilogremu angu-4 ezinto zokusetshenziswa.
– Iyunithi ngayinye yomkhiqizo A idinga amahora ama-2 esikhathi somshini, kuyilapho umkhiqizo B udinga ihora eli-1.
– Le nkampani inokunikezwa okulinganiselwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingama-240 kg kanye nomthamo wesikhathi somshini ongamahora ayi-100.
Ifomula ye-LP yale nkinga izoba kanje:
- Umsebenzi Wenhloso:
Khulisa u-Z = 40A + 30B
- Isithiyo:
\[
\iqala{yaqondanisiwe}
3A + 4B & \leq 240 \quad (Umkhawulo wezinto ezingavuthiwe)\\
2A + B & \leq 100 \quad (Umkhawulo wesikhathi somshini)\\
A, B kanye \geq 0 \quad (Akukho okubi)
\ukuphela{kuqondile}
\]
Ngalokhu, izinkampani zingasebenzisa indlela ye-simplex ukuthola amanani afanele kakhulu ka-A no-B azokhulisa inzuzo yazo.
Ezinye Izicelo Ekuhleleni
1. Ukuhlela Ukuthengwa Nokusatshalaliswa:
Kuchungechunge lokuphakelwa, i-LP ingasetshenziswa ukunquma inani elifanele lezimpahla okufanele zithunyelwe zisuka ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina impahla ziye ezindaweni eziningi ngenhloso yokunciphisa izindleko zokuhamba, kuyilapho futhi kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo kanye nomthamo wendawo yokugcina impahla.
2. Ukuhlela Kwabasebenzi:
I-LP isetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukwabiwa kwabasebenzi kuzo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi, ikhulisa umkhiqizo ngenkathi ihlangabezana nemingcele yamahora okusebenza nezidingo zesigaba ngasinye.
3. Ukuhlela Ezezimali:
Ekuphatheni iphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali, i-LP ingasetshenziswa ukunquma ukwabiwa kwezimali kumathuluzi ahlukahlukene okutshalwa kwezimali ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo ngokucabangela izingozi kanye nemikhawulo yokutshalwa kwezimali.
4. Ukuhlela Ukukhiqiza:
Ekukhiqizeni, i-LP isetshenziselwa ukuhlela amashejuli okukhiqiza ukuze kusetshenziswe kakhulu izinsiza ezikhona, kuncishiswe izikhathi zokulinda, futhi kufezwe imigomo yokukhiqiza.
Isiphetho
Uhlelo lwe-linear luyithuluzi elisebenza kahle kakhulu lokuxazulula izinkinga zokwenza ngcono ngezinguquko eziningi kanye nemingcele. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo ekuhleleni kungasiza izinkampani nezinhlangano ukuthi zenze izinqumo ezingcono nezingcono kakhulu ezicini ezahlukene zebhizinisi. Ngokuklanywa kahle kwemisebenzi nemingcele eqondile, kanye nezixazululo zemodeli ezinembile, izinzuzo ezibalulekile zingatholakala maqondana nokunciphisa izindleko, ukusebenza kahle okwandisiwe, kanye nokufezwa kwemigomo yebhizinisi iyonke.
