Umhlahlandlela Wokukhulisa Amakhabe Ezindaweni Eziphakeme
I-Pendahuluan
Ikhabe liyisithelo esithandwa kakhulu ngabantu abaningi ngenxa yokunambitheka kwalo okumnandi nokuqabulayo. Amakhabe avame ukukhuliswa ezindaweni eziphansi, kodwa angakhuliswa nasezindaweni eziphakeme ngemiphumela eyanelisayo. Ukutshala amakhabe ezindaweni eziphakeme kudinga ulwazi olukhethekile nokunakekelwa, kodwa ngezindlela namasu afanele, isivuno singaba nenzuzo enkulu. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuthi ungatshala kanjani amakhabe ezindaweni eziphakeme, kusukela ekulungiseleleni umhlaba kuya ekuvunweni.
Ukukhetha Okunhlobonhlobo Kwekhabe
Ukukhetha uhlobo lwekhabe olufanele kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile. Ezinye izinhlobo zekhabe ezifanele ukutshalwa ezindaweni eziphakeme zifaka:
1. I-Golden Apollo Melon: Leli khabe linesikhumba esiphuzi esinenyama emnandi neqinile.
2. I-Honey Dew Melon: Inesikhumba esibushelelezi kanye nenyama emnandi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
3. I-Sky Rocket Melon: Lolu hlobo ludumile ngobukhulu balo bezithelo kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi.
Qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha izinhlobo ezingabekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa kwansuku zonke, njengoba izindawo eziphakeme zivame ukuba namazinga okushisa apholile ebusuku.
Ukulungiswa Komhlaba
Ukukhetha Indawo
Khetha indawo ethola okungenani amahora angu-6-8 okukhanya kwelanga okugcwele ngosuku. Indawo kufanele futhi ibe nokukhipha amanzi kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugcwala kwamanzi.
Ukulungiswa Komhlaba
Inhlabathi kufanele ikhululeke futhi ivundile. Ungenza ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ukuze uthole i-pH yayo kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba. Okungcono kakhulu, i-pH yenhlabathi kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-6 no-7. Uma i-pH yenhlabathi iphansi kakhulu (ine-asidi), ungangeza i-dolomitic lime ukuze uyikhulise.
1. Ukulima: Khulula inhlabathi ngokulima noma ngokuhlakula kuze kube ngu-20-30 cm.
2. Umanyolo Oyisisekelo: Engeza umquba noma umquba ukuze uthuthukise ukuvunda kwenhlabathi. Njengesiqondiso, engeza amathani angaba ngu-15-20 omquba ngehektha ngalinye.
3. Ukulungisa Imibhede: Yenza imibhede ibe yimitha elilodwa ububanzi kanye nokuphakama okungamasentimitha angu-30. Shiya cishe imitha elilodwa phakathi kombhede ngamunye ukuze kugeleze umoya kahle.
Ukutshala
Ukukhethwa Kwembewu Nokuhlwanyela
Imbewu ye-melon kufanele ifakwe emanzini afudumele amahora angama-24 ukuze isheshe ihlume. Ngemva kokuyicwilisa, imbewu ingatshalwa ezikhwameni ezincane noma emathileyi ezithombo.
1. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu: Gcwalisa isikhwama sembewu noma ithileyi yezithombo ngengxube yenhlabathi nomquba. Tshala imbewu yekhabe ibe yi-1-1,5 cm ukujula bese uyinisela kahle.
2. Ukunakekelwa Kwezithombo: Beka ithileyi lezithombo endaweni ethola ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Nisela nsuku zonke futhi uqinisekise ukuthi indawo yokukhulisa ihlala imanzi kodwa ingabi manzi kakhulu. Izithombo zilungele ukutshalwa endaweni yokutshala cishe ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu noma uma sezinamaqabunga amabili kuya kwamathathu eqiniso.
Ukutshala Ensimini
1. Ukutshala Izithombo: Hambisa izithombo emibhedeni enebanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo elingaba ngu-50-60 cm kanye nebanga eliphakathi kwemigqa elingaba yimitha elilodwa.
2. Ukufakwa kwe-Mulch: Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-mulch yepulasitiki emnyama ukuze kugcinwe umswakama wenhlabathi, kuncishiswe ukhula, futhi kulawulwe izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi.
Ukunakekelwa Nokunakekelwa
IsiPengairan
Izitshalo ze-melon zidinga ukuchelelwa okwanele, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula kokuqala kanye nokwakheka kwezithelo. Kodwa-ke, gwema ukugcwala kwamanzi. Ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kabili ngosuku, ekuseni nakusihlwa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sesomiso.
Ukuvundisa Okuthuthukisiwe
Kudingeka umanyolo owengeziwe ukuze kusekelwe ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nokwakheka kwezithelo.
1. Umanyolo we-NPK: Faka umanyolo we-NPK oqukethe i-N (i-Nitrogen), i-P (i-Phosphorus), kanye ne-K (i-Potassium) ngesilinganiso esingu-2:1:3. Umanyolo wenziwa kanye njalo emavikini ama-2.
2. Umanyolo Ongamanzi Ongamakhemikhali: Ungafafaza umanyolo omanzi ongamakhemikhali njalo emavikini ama-2 ukuze ukhule kahle.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Ezinye izinambuzane nezifo ezivame ukuhlasela izitshalo ze-melon ezindaweni eziphakeme zifaka phakathi i-powdery mildew, i-fusarium wilt, kanye ne-earthworms. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokulawula ongazithatha:
1. Ukuqapha Okuvamile: Yenza ukuqapha okuvamile kwezinambuzane nezifo.
2. Ukufutha Izibulala-zinambuzane: Sebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo noma zamakhemikhali ngokwesilinganiso esinconywayo ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo.
3. Ukuhlanzeka Komhlaba: Gcina umhlaba uhlanzekile ungangeni okhula kanye nezinsalela zezitshalo ezingaba izidleke zezinambuzane nezifo.
Ukuthena Nokunakekela Izitshalo
1. Ukuthena: Thena amaqabunga abunile kanye namahlumela asendle ukuze kwandiswe ukujikeleza komoya kanye nokukhanya kwelanga kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo.
2. Ukuthuthwa Kwembewu: Ezindaweni eziphakeme, ukuthuthwa kwembewu kwemvelo kungase kungasebenzi kahle ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinambuzane. Ungenza ukuthuthwa kwembewu ngesandla ngokudlulisa impova kusuka ezimbalini zesilisa kuya ezimbalini zesifazane usebenzisa ibhulashi elincane.
Ukuvuna
Izimpawu Zokuthi Izithelo Sezilungele Ukuvunwa
Amakhabe angavunwa cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-90-100 ngemva kokutshala. Ezinye izimpawu zokuthi amakhabe aselungele ukuvunwa zifaka:
1. Iphunga Lezithelo: Amakhabe avuthiwe akhipha iphunga elimnandi nelimnandi.
2. Umbala Wesikhumba: Umbala wesikhumba uyashintsha kuye ngohlobo, isibonelo nge-honey dew melon, umbala wesikhumba uzokhanya kakhulu.
3. Imifantu Esiqwini: Kunemifantu emincane ezungeze isiqwini sezithelo.
Indlela Yokuvuna
Sebenzisa ummese obukhali ukusika isiqu sesithelo cishe ngamasentimitha angu-2-3 ukusuka phansi. Gwema ukudonsa noma ukukha isithelo ngqo, njengoba lokhu kungalimaza isitshalo.
Ukuphathwa Ngemva Kokuvuna
Uma selivuniwe, amakhabe kufanele agcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile ukuze agcine ubusha bawo. Amakhabe avuniwe angathengiswa ngqo noma agcinwe esiqandisini ukuze andise isikhathi sawo sokuphila.
I-Penutup
Ukutshala amakhabe ezindaweni eziphakeme kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokunakwa, kodwa imiphumela ingaba egculisayo kakhulu. Ngokulandela iziqondiso ezichazwe ngenhla, ungathemba ukuthi uzothola isivuno esiphezulu. Inhlanhla, futhi sikufisela inhlanhla!
