Indlela Yokwenza Umbhede Wezitshalo Zemifino
Ukudala imibhede ephakanyisiwe kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokutshala imifino. Imibhede ephakanyisiwe iyizicucu zenhlabathi eziphakanyisiwe ezenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukugeleza kwamanzi okufanele kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo okuhle kakhulu. Inqubo yokwakha imibhede ephakanyisiwe ilula kakhulu, kodwa idinga ukuqonda kahle izimo zenhlabathi, isimo sezulu, kanye nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshalwa. Lesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokudala imibhede ephakanyisiwe yemifino, kusukela ekulungiseleleni umhlabathi kuya ekunakekelweni ngemva kokutshala.
1. Ukulungiswa Komhlaba
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekudaleni umbhede ophakanyisiwe ukulungisa indawo. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo ekhethiwe ithola okungenani amahora angu-6-8 okukhanya kwelanga nsuku zonke. Amazinga okukhanya kwelanga abalulekile ngoba imifino eminingi idinga ukukhanya okwanele ukuze kwenziwe i-photosynthesis.
Okulandelayo, susa ukhula, amatshe, kanye nemfucumfucu endaweni. Inhlabathi ehlanzekile izokwenza kube lula ukulungisa imibhede futhi inciphise ukuncintisana phakathi kwezitshalo zemifino kanye nokhula.
2. Ukuhlolwa Nokuthuthukiswa Kwenhlabathi
Ngaphambi kokudala imibhede ephakanyisiwe, kubalulekile ukuqonda isimo senhlabathi yengadi yakho. Inhlabathi enhle yokutshala imifino ivundile, ikhululekile, futhi iqukethe izinto eziphilayo ezanele. Ungenza ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi okulula ukuthola i-pH kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba.
Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic kakhulu noma i-alkaline, ingalungiswa ngokufaka i-lime (yenhlabathi ene-acidic) noma i-sulfur (yenhlabathi ene-alkaline). Futhi, engeza umquba noma umquba ukuze uthuthukise ukuvunda kwenhlabathi. Lokhu kwelashwa kwenhlabathi kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo senhlabathi, kufake izinto eziphilayo, futhi kuthuthukise ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokungena komoya.
3. Ukunquma Usayizi Wombhede
Usayizi wombhede ungalungiswa ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zakho kanye nohlobo lwezitshalo ozitshalayo. Ngokuvamile, umbhede ungamamitha angu-1 ububanzi ukuze kube lula ukunakekelwa nokutshala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Ubude bombhede bungalungiswa kuye ngokuthi isikhala sikhona, kodwa okungcono kakhulu, kufanele sibe phakathi kwamamitha angu-3 no-6. Umbhede uvame ukuphakanyiswa ukuphakama okungu-20-30 cm ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ayaphuma kahle.
Ibanga phakathi kombhede owodwa nomunye kufanele libe ngu-30-50 cm, okwanele indlela noma umzila wokunakekelwa kwezitshalo kanye nokwenza kube lula ukufinyelela ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa.
4. Ukulungisa Imibhede
Ngemva kokunquma usayizi wombhede, qala ngokuhlakula noma ukulima inhlabathi kuze kube ngu-20-30 cm. Inhlabathi ekhululekile izovumela izimpande zezitshalo ukuthi zikhule kahle.
Yenza inhlabathi ibe yimibhede ephakanyisiwe bese ulinganisa indawo engaphezulu. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo yombhede iqondile futhi ayinamaqhubu, njengoba ukungalingani kungabangela amanzi ukuthi ahlangane, okulimaza izitshalo.
Uma utshala endaweni enemvula enkulu noma endaweni evame ukuba nezikhukhula, ungakha imisele emincane ezungeze imibhede ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi futhi uvimbele ukugcwala kwamanzi.
5. Ukucebisa Inhlabathi
Faka izinto eziphilayo ezifana nomquba, umquba, noma ezinye izivundisi eziphilayo emibhedeni. Lezi zinto eziphilayo zizocebisa inhlabathi futhi zithuthukise ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Hlanganisa izinto eziphilayo enhlabathini usebenzisa igeja noma ifoloko ukujula okungu-15-20 cm.
6. Ukuvala Umbhede
Ngemva kokufaka izinto eziphilayo enhlabathini engaphezu kwemibhede, imibhede ingambozwa nge-mulch. I-mulch ingaba ama-shells elayisi, utshani, noma i-mulch yepulasitiki. I-mulch inemisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile, njengokugcina umswakama wenhlabathi, ukucindezela ukukhula kokhula, kanye nokugcina amazinga okushisa enhlabathi azinzile.
Uma usebenzisa i-plastic mulch, yenza imigodi ku-mulch ngokwesikhala semifino ozoyitshala. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-mulch imboza yonke indawo yombhede.
7. Ukutshala Imifino
Imifino ingatshalwa emibhedeni ephakanyisiwe ngokutshala imbewu ngqo noma ngokufakelwa izithombo ezitshalwe ngaphambilini. Isikhala phakathi kwemifino ngayinye siyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo. Isibonelo, izaqathi, ama-radishes, kanye nesipinashi ngokuvamile kutshalwa cishe ngamasentimitha angu-15-20, kuyilapho imifino efana notamatisi, upelepele, kanye nama-eggplant idinga isikhala esibanzi, phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-30-50.
Qiniseka ukuthi utshala imifino ngokwesikhala esinconywayo ukuze izitshalo zibe nendawo eyanele yokukhula nokuthola ukudla okunempilo.
8. Ukunisela Nokunakekela
Ngemva kokutshala, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuchelela. Ukuchelela kokuqala kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imbewu noma izithombo zithola amanzi anele ukuze ziqale ukukhula kahle. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuchelela kungenziwa njalo, kuye ngohlobo lwesitshalo kanye nezimo zezulu. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, imifino idinga ukuchelela kaningi, kanti ngesikhathi semvula, ukuchelela kungancishiswa.
Ngaphezu kokunisela, ukunakekelwa kwemibhede kuhlanganisa ukhula, ukufaka umanyolo owengeziwe, kanye nokulawula izinambuzane nezifo. Ukukhipha ukhula kufanele kwenziwe njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhula kwezitshalo. Kunconywa futhi ukufaka umanyolo owengeziwe njalo emavikini ambalwa ukuqinisekisa ukondleka okwanele kwezitshalo.
Ukuze ulawule izinambuzane nezifo, sebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane zemvelo noma eziphilayo noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Ezinye izindlela zemvelo ezisebenzayo zifaka phakathi ukusebenzisa amanzi acwiliswe kugalikhi, upelepele, noma amaqabunga e-neem ukuze ufuthe izitshalo ezihlaselwe yizo.
9. Ukujikeleza Kwezitshalo
Ukuze ulondoloze ukuvunda kwenhlabathi kanye nempilo, shintsha izitshalo njalo ngenkathi yokukhula. Ukushintshanisa izitshalo kuhilela ukushintsha izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshalwe embhedeni ngemva kokuvuna ngakunye. Ukushintshanisa izitshalo kungavimbela ukunqwabelana kwezinambuzane nezifo futhi kunciphise ukukhathala kwenhlabathi. Isibonelo, ngemva kokutshala imifino enamaqabunga njengesipinashi, isizini elandelayo, tshala izitshalo zezimpande ezifana nezaqathi noma ama-radishes.
10. Ukuvuna
Imifino kufanele ivunwe ngesikhathi esifanele, kuye ngohlobo lwesitshalo esikhuliswayo. Isivuno esifike ngesikhathi sizoletha isivuno esihle kakhulu, kokubili ngokwekhwalithi kanye nobuningi. Imifino evunwe sekwephuzile ivame ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kanye nokuthungwa, kanti ukuvuna kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa usayizi wayo.
Isiphetho
Ukudala imibhede ephakanyisiwe yokutshala imifino kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuqinisekisa izimo ezinhle zokukhula kwezitshalo zakho. Ngokulungiswa kahle komhlabathi, ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi, kanye nokunakekelwa okufanele, imibhede ephakanyisiwe ingandisa umkhiqizo wezitshalo kanye nempilo yazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela iyasiza nasekuphathweni kwamanzi, ekulawulweni kokhula, kanye nokujikeleza kwezitshalo okusimeme. Inhlanhla, futhi kwangathi insimu yakho yemifino ingakhiqiza isivuno esikhulu nesisezingeni eliphezulu!
