Umjikelezo Wamanzi Nomphumela Wawo Ekugugulekeni Kwenhlabathi
I-Pendahuluan
Umjikelezo wamanzi uchungechunge lwezinqubo lapho amanzi eMhlabeni ehamba khona ngezindlela ezahlukene emkhathini, emhlabeni, nasezilwandle. Lezi zinqubo zifaka phakathi ukuhwamuka, ukujiya, imvula, ukungena kwamanzi, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi. Umjikelezo wamanzi uyinto ebalulekile yezinhlelo zemvelo ngoba uthonya zonke izici zemvelo, okuhlanganisa isimo sezulu, isimo sezulu, kanye nokuphila kwezinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni. Umthelela obalulekile womjikelezo wamanzi emvelweni ukuguguleka komhlabathi. Ukuguguleka komhlabathi inqubo yokususwa kwenhlabathi noma idwala ebusweni boMhlaba ngesenzo somoya, amanzi, noma iqhwa. Nakuba ukuguguleka komhlabathi kungenzeka ngokwemvelo, imisebenzi yabantu ivame ukusheshisa le nqubo, okuholela emiphumeleni ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni kanye nezinhlelo zemvelo.
Umjikelezo Wamanzi
Ukuhwamuka
Ukuhwamuka kwenzeka lapho amanzi avela ebusweni boMhlaba, njengezilwandle, imifula, namachibi, ephenduka umhwamuko wamanzi bese ekhuphukela emkhathini. Le nqubo iqhutshwa amandla okushisa avela elangeni. Ukuphefumulela, ukuhwamuka kwamanzi avela ezitshalweni, nakho kunegalelo ekwandeni komhwamuko wamanzi emkhathini.
Kondensasi
Ukujiya yinqubo lapho umhwamuko wamanzi omoya ushintsha ube uketshezi lapho izinga lokushisa lehla. Izinhlayiya zomhwamuko wamanzi ziqoqana zibe amaconsi amanzi ahlanganayo ukuze akhe amafu. Lesi yisigaba lapho amanzi omoya aqala khona ukwakheka kabusha futhi alungiselela ukuwela ebusweni boMhlaba.
Presipitasi
Ukuna kwemvula inqubo lapho amanzi, ngesimo semvula, iqhwa, iqhwa, noma isichotho, ewa khona ebusweni boMhlaba esuka emkhathini. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinhlayiya zamanzi emafwini ziba nzima ngokwanele ukuba ziwe ngenxa yokudonswa amandla adonsela phansi. Ukuna kwemvula kuyindlela eyinhloko amanzi abuyela ngayo ebusweni boMhlaba, okufaka isandla ekuvuseleleni kabusha imithombo yamanzi njengemifula, amachibi, kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukungena ngaphakathi
Ukungena kwenzeka lapho amanzi avela emvuleni engena enhlabathini ngemifantu kanye nemifantu. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekuvuseleleni amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ahlinzeka ngamanzi ezitshalweni kanye namanzi okuphuza ezinto eziphilayo.
Ukugeleza Komphezulu
Ukugeleza kwamanzi avela phezulu kwenzeka lapho amanzi angangeni emhlabathini egeleza phezu komhlaba eya emanzini anjengemifula, amachibi, kanye nolwandle. Lokhu kugeleza kwamanzi aphuma phezulu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthweni kwezinto ezincibilikisiwe kanye nodaka kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye ebusweni boMhlaba.
Ukuguguleka Kwenhlabathi Nobuhlobo Bakho Nomjikelezo Wamanzi
Ukuguguleka komhlabathi kuyinqubo edinga indlela yokuthutha izinto ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Umjikelezo wamanzi udlala indima ebalulekile ekugugulekeni komhlabathi ngoba amanzi, ngezindlela ezahlukene, avame ukusebenza njengendlela enamandla yokuhambisa inhlabathi namatshe.
Ukuguguleka komhlabathi yimvula
Imvula ingenye yezinto ezibangela ukuguguleka komhlabathi. Uma amaconsi emvula ewela phansi ngesivinini esikhulu, angashaya izinhlayiya zomhlabathi azihlukanise. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi "ukuguguleka komhlabathi," lapho izinhlayiya zomhlabathi ziphonswa khona endaweni yazo yokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi emvula ageleza phezu komhlabathi angabangela "ukuguguleka komhlabathi," okuwukususwa kwezingqimba ezincane zomhlabathi endaweni enkulu.
Ukuguguleka Kwenhlabathi Okubangelwa Yizikhukhula Nokugeleza Komphezulu
Izikhukhula kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi okukhulu ebusweni kungashukumisa inhlabathi enkulu kanye namatshe. Uma imvula enamandla noma eqhubekayo ibangela imisinga yamanzi enamandla, ingagugulisa inhlabathi eceleni komsele wamanzi, idale imihosha noma izigodi. Le nqubo ivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi "ukuguguleka kwemihosha." Imisinga enamandla ayithuthi inhlabathi kuphela kodwa futhi namatshe ayigugu, isheshisa inqubo yokuguguleka.
Ukuguguleka komhlaba yiqhwa neqhwa
Iqhwa neqhwa nakho kunegalelo ekugugulekeni komhlaba ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuguguleka komhlaba kweqhwa. Njengoba izinguzunga zeqhwa zihamba, zingaguguleka idwala elingaphansi. Izinhlayiya zomhlabathi namadwala ezithwalwa yiqhwa zingabekwa kwenye indawo lapho iqhwa lincibilika. Le nqubo yokuncibilika iphinde inyuse inani lamanzi angabangela ukugeleza kwamanzi ebusweni futhi andise ukuguguleka komhlaba.
Ukuguguleka Komhlaba Ngumoya
Nakuba ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nesomiso, umoya ungabangela nokuguguleka komhlabathi ngokuhambisa izinhlayiya zenhlabathi nesihlabathi. Kodwa-ke, umjikelezo wamanzi ungathonya ukuguguleka komoya ngokubopha nokuqiniswa kwenhlabathi emanzi.
Umthelela Wemisebenzi Yabantu Ekugugulekeni Kwenhlabathi
Imisebenzi yabantu ingasheshisa inqubo yemvelo yokuguguleka komhlaba ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukukhuliswa kwamadolobha, ezolimo, kanye nemisebenzi yezimboni kumane kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa zezenzo zabantu ezingashintsha ukugeleza kwamanzi futhi zandise ukuguguleka komhlaba.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi
Uma amahlathi ehlanzwa ukuze kusetshenziswe ezinye izindawo, izimpande zemithi ezisiza ekubambeni inhlabathi endaweni yazo nazo ziyalahleka. Ngaphandle kwezimpande zokwakha isakhiwo esihlangene, inhlabathi iba sengozini enkulu yokuguguleka. Amanzi emvula awela endaweni egawuliwe avame ukugeleza aphume ebusweni, okwandisa ingozi yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi.
Ukufudukela emadolobheni
Ukuhlanzwa komhlaba ukuze kuthuthukiswe ingqalasizinda, njengemigwaqo, izakhiwo, nezinye izakhiwo, kuvame ukuhilela ukususa izitshalo nokumba inhlabathi. Ukwakheka kokhonkolo kanye ne-asphalt nakho kunciphisa ukungena kwamanzi enhlabathini, okwandisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ebusweni. Ngaphandle kwezitshalo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kahle kwenhlabathi, ukugeleza kwamanzi okusheshayo kungabangela ukuguguleka okukhulu enhlabathini engavikelekile.
I-Pertanian
Imikhuba efana nokulima kanye nokutshala imifino eyodwa kungashintsha isakhiwo somhlabathi, okwenza kube lula ukuguguleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nemithi yokubulala ukhula kungabulala izinto eziphilayo zomhlabathi ezisiza ekugcineni isakhiwo somhlabathi siphilile. Imikhuba yezolimo engazinzile ingandisa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.
Imisebenzi Yezimboni
Imisebenzi efana nokumba izimayini nokwakha ivame ukushintsha ubuso bomhlaba futhi isuse izitshalo. Ukumba kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza kuvame ukushiya umhlaba usesichengeni sokuguguleka.
Umthelela Wokuguguleka Kwenhlabathi
Ukuguguleka komhlabathi kunemiphumela ebanzi emvelweni nakubantu. Ezinye zalezi zifaka:
1. Ukuwohloka Komhlabathi: Ukulahlekelwa yinhlabathi ephezulu ecebile ngezakhamzimba kunganciphisa ukuvunda kwenhlabathi futhi kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo.
2. Ukungcola: Izinhlayiya zomhlabathi ezigugile zingabekwa emifuleni, emachibini, nasemadamini okugcina amanzi, okunciphisa amandla azo futhi kuphazamise izindawo zokuhlala zasemanzini.
3. Izikhukhula: Ukuguguleka komhlabathi kungalimaza isakhiwo senhlabathi esigcina amanzi, okwandisa ingozi yokukhukhuleka.
4. Ukulahlekelwa Yizilwane Zasendle: Ukulahlekelwa yizitshalo kanye nendawo yokuhlala kungathinta izilwane zasendle ezincike ezintweni eziphilayo ezizinzile.
5. Impilo Yabantu: Inhlabathi engcolisiwe ingangcolisa imithombo yamanzi, ithinte ikhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza kanye nempilo yomphakathi.
Isiphetho
Emjikelezweni wamanzi, zonke izinto zisebenza ndawonye ukuhambisa amanzi ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene, ngasinye sidlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni impilo eMhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, ithonya lezingxenye zomjikelezo wamanzi ekugugulekeni komhlaba akufanele lithathwe kancane. Ukuphathwa okuhle kanye nemikhuba eqhubekayo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi yokuguguleka komhlaba kanye nokugcina ibhalansi yezemvelo. Ngokuqonda kanye nesenzo esifanele, singanciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ukuguguleka komhlaba futhi siqinisekise indawo eqhubekayo yezizukulwane ezizayo.
