Umehluko Phakathi kweMagma neLava
I-Magma kanye ne-lava kuyizinto ezimbili ezibalulekile ekwakhekeni koMhlaba kanye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo. Nakuba la magama evame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana ngabanye, empeleni abhekisela ezimweni ezahlukene zezinto ezifanayo. Lesi sihloko sizochaza umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-magma ne-lava, imvelaphi yazo, izici zayo, kanye nezindima zayo ezibalulekile ezinqubweni ze-geological.
1. Izincazelo Eziyisisekelo:
I-Magma yidwala elincibilikisiwe noma elincibilikisiwe kancane ngaphansi kobuso boMhlaba. Liqukethe ingxube yamaminerali, amagesi ancibilikisiwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amakristalu aqale ukwakheka. I-Magma itholakala ngaphakathi koqweqwe loMhlaba noma ngaphezulu futhi ingaqukatha izakhi ezahlukahlukene, njenge-silicates kanye neningi lezakhi esizaziyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-lava iyi-magma efinyelele ebusweni boMhlaba ngokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Njengoba i-magma idlula oqweqweni loMhlaba futhi iphuma emgodini noma kwenye indawo evulekile, ilahlekelwa iningi lamagesi ayo, izinga lokushisa layo, kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi, bese ibizwa ngokuthi i-lava.
2. Indawo:
Indawo ingenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zomehluko phakathi kwe-magma ne-lava. I-Magma itholakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba lapho amazinga okushisa nokucindezela kuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, i-magma itholakala emakamelweni e-magma ngaphansi kwezintaba-mlilo noma embotsheni yoMhlaba, equkethe idwala elincibilikisiwe kancane.
I-lava, njengoba kushiwo, itholakala ebusweni boMhlaba. Ngemva kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, i-lava ingasakazeka ezindaweni ezizungezile, yakhe izendlalelo ezintsha ebusweni futhi yakhe indawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
3. Ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo:
I-Magma inokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isuka kuphi kanye nokujula kwayo. Ngokuvamile iqukethe ingxube yamaminerali, amagesi ancibilikisiwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amakristalu. Ama-silicate ayisici esiyinhloko se-magma, engahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana, njenge-basaltic, i-andesitic, kanye ne-rhyolitic, kuye ngokuthi ikhiwe kanjani.
I-lava, uma ifika ebusweni boMhlaba futhi iqala ukupholisa, nayo inokwakheka okufana ne-magma yokuqala, kodwa ibhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu. Ukulahleka kwamagesi ancibilikisiwe kanye nokupholisa okusheshayo kushintsha ukuthungwa kwe-lava, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene njenge-lava ebushelelezi ye-pahoehoe, i-lava enamadwala nengajwayelekile ye-aa, kanye ne-lava yomcamelo, eyakheka ngaphansi kwamanzi.
4. Izinga lokushisa:
Amazinga okushisa e-Magma aphezulu kakhulu, asukela kuma-degree Celsius angu-700 kuya ku-1300 noma ngaphezulu. Kulawa mazinga okushisa, amatshe angaphansi kobuso boMhlaba ahlala esimweni soketshezi noma se-semi-liquid. Ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu eMhlabeni nakho kudlala indima ekugcineni i-magma isesimweni soketshezi.
Izinga lokushisa le-lava lapho liqala ukuphuma e-volcano nalo liphezulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile licishe lifane nezinga lokushisa le-magma yokuqala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-lava ifika ebusweni boMhlaba futhi ivezwa emoyeni, izinga lokushisa liqala ukwehla ngokushesha, okubangela ukuba i-lava iqine futhi ekugcineni iqine ibe yidwala le-volcano.
5. Umsebenzi Wentaba-mlilo:
Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo ubangelwa ukuhamba kwe-magma ngaphansi kobuso boMhlaba kuya ebusweni. Lapho ingcindezi ikhula ngokwanele, i-magma ifuna indlela yokuphuma ngemifantu noma imigodi yentaba-mlilo. Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko i-magma efinyelela ngazo ebusweni futhi ibe yi-lava.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, ngayinye ethinta indlela i-magma ephenduka ngayo ibe yi-lava kanye nohlobo lwe-lava oluvelayo. Isibonelo, ukuqhuma okuqhumayo kungakhipha i-magma emoyeni, bese iphola ibe umlotha wentaba-mlilo, kuyilapho ukuqhuma okuqhumayo kukhiqiza ukugeleza kwe-lava okungamboza izindawo ezinkulu.
6. Umthelela Ezinhlelweni Zemvelo Nasekuphileni:
Ukuba khona kwe-magma eMhlabeni kubalulekile ezinqubweni ze-geological ezifana nokwakheka kwentaba-mlilo kanye nomjikelezo wezinto ezibonakalayo. Umsebenzi we-magma uphinde uthonye ukwakheka kwamaminerali ayigugu asetshenziswa ngabantu ekumbeni.
Nakuba i-lava ingaba yingozi kakhulu ezindaweni zemvelo kanye nokuphila esikhathini esifushane, ingadala nenhlabathi evundile esikhathini eside. Inhlabathi yentaba-mlilo eyakhiwe nge-lava epholile ivame ukucebile ngamaminerali kanye nezakhamzimba, okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle kwezolimo. Ezinye zezindawo zezolimo ezivundile kakhulu emhlabeni zitholakala enhlabathini yentaba-mlilo, njengaseMount Merapi e-Indonesia noma eMount Vesuvius e-Italy.
7. Indima Ekwakhekeni Komhlabathi:
I-Magma ehlala ngaphansi kobuso boMhlaba idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi namatshe e-plutonic, njenge-granite. Njengoba i-magma iphola kancane ngaphakathi koqweqwe loMhlaba, yakha amatshe anamakristalu amakhulu, achazwe kahle.
I-lava ephola ebusweni bomhlaba ikhiqiza amatshe entaba-mlilo, njenge-basalt, i-pumice, ne-obsidian. Lawa matshe acwebezelayo futhi awanazo izakhi eziningi kune-plutonic ngenxa yokupholisa kwawo ngokushesha.
8. Izifundo Ze-Geology kanye Neze-volcanology:
Izazi ze-geology kanye nezazi ze-volcano zihlola i-magma kanye ne-lava ukuze ziqonde kangcono amandla angaphakathi oMhlaba, umlando we-geological, kanye nomsebenzi we-volcano. Ngokutadisha i-magma, ososayensi bangaqonda izinqubo zokwakheka kwamadwala kanye nokuvela kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali oMhlaba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo lwe-lava lunikeza ukuqonda ngezindlela zokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, indlela i-lava eziphatha ngayo ebusweni, kanye nemiphumela yayo engaba khona emvelweni nasekuphileni kwabantu. Ukubuka ukuqhuma kwe-lava kusiza futhi ukubikezela ukuqhuma kwesikhathi esizayo nokuthuthukisa amasu okunciphisa izinhlekelele.
I-Kesimpulan:
I-Magma kanye ne-lava kuyizingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile zezinhlelo zezintaba-mlilo ezidlala indima ehlukene ngaphakathi naphezu kobuso boMhlaba. I-Magma yidwala elincibilikisiwe ngaphansi komhlaba elingabangela ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo uma lifika ebusweni boMhlaba. I-Lava yi-magma eqhumile futhi yakha ukugeleza noma amatshe ezintaba-mlilo ebusweni.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-magma ne-lava usezindaweni zazo, isimo somzimba, ukwakheka, kanye nemiphumela emvelweni. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile ekuqapheleni umsebenzi wezintaba-mlilo kanye nemiphumela yawo. Ngokutadisha ngokujulile lezi zimo, singaqonda kangcono ukuguquguquka koMhlaba wethu nokuthi lezi zinqubo zithinta kanjani impilo emhlabeni.
