Imiqondo Eyisisekelo Yokwakheka Kwamafutha Negesi Yemvelo Uwoyela negesi yemvelo kuyizibaseli zasendulo ezakhiwe ngenqubo ende yejiyoloji, ehilela ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo zibe ama-hydrocarbon ngaphansi kwethonya lokucindezela, izinga lokushisa, isikhathi, kanye nezimo ezithile zemvelo. Ukuqonda imiqondo eyisisekelo yokwakheka kwamafutha negesi yemvelo kubalulekile hhayi embonini yamandla kuphela, kodwa futhi... Funda kabanzi
Izici Zesimo Sezulu Sasendulo Ezisekelwe Kudatha Yendawo Isimo sezulu somhlaba asikaze sibe "esingashintshi" ngempela. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba abantu bavele, iplanethi yabhekana nezinkathi zokushisa okukhulu, izinkathi zeqhwa ezinde, amaphethini emvula ashintshashintshayo, izinguquko ekwakhekeni komkhathi, ngisho nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lolwandle. Ngenxa yokuthi azikho amarekhodi e-thermometer asezikhathini zasendulo, ososayensi bathembele kudatha yendawo ukuze bakhe kabusha ukuthi isimo sezulu sasinjani... Funda kabanzi
Kuyini i-Contact Metamorphism kanye nezibonelo? I-Metamorphism inqubo lapho idwala lokuqala (i-protolith) liguquka libe yidwala elisha ngenxa yezinguquko ezimweni zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ngaphakathi koqweqwe loMhlaba. Lezi zinguquko zithonywa kakhulu izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nokuba khona koketshezi (isb. amanzi ashisayo, acebile ngamaminerali). Kungenye yezinhlobo ezilula kakhulu ze-metamorphism ukuqonda ngoba izindlela zayo "zendawo" futhi... Funda kabanzi
Ukubaluleka Kwe-Mineralogy Embonini I-Mineralogy iyigatsha le-geology elifunda amaminerali: imvelaphi yawo, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, isakhiwo sekristalu, izakhiwo zomzimba, kanye nezinqubo zokwakheka. Ekuqaleni, i-mineralogy ingase ibonakale ingeyezemfundo futhi ikude kakhulu nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, cishe yonke imisebenzi yezimboni yesimanje—kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kuya ekukhiqizeni kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu—incike ekuqondeni amaminerali. Ngaphandle kwe-mineralogy, ukwenza izinqumo mayelana... Funda kabanzi
Izinzuzo Zokuqonda Izinqubo Zokuthuthwa Kwendle Ezindaweni Zasemanzini Ukuthuthwa kwendle yinqubo yokuthuthwa kwezinhlayiya eziqinile—njengesihlabathi, udaka, noma izinto eziphilayo—ezithwalwa ngamanzi bese zihlala phansi emifuleni, emachibini, emachibini, emifuleni, ngisho nasolwandle. Lezi zinhlayiya zingavela ekugugulekeni komhlaba, ekuweni komfula, emisebenzini yezolimo, ekwakheni, ezimayini, noma ngisho nasezinsaleleni zezinto eziphilayo. Ezindaweni eziningi, ukuthuthwa kwendle... Funda kabanzi
Indlela Yokunquma Ukuqondiswa Kwezakhiwo Ze-Geological Ukuqondiswa kwesakhiwo se-geological ulwazi oluyisisekelo olubalulekile ekudwebeni kwe-geological, ekuhlolweni kwezinsiza, ezifundweni ze-geotechnical, kanye nasekuncishisweni kwezinhlekelele. Ngokuqonda isiqondiso kanye nokucwila kwengqimba yedwala noma indiza yokuqhekeka, izazi ze-geological zingachaza umlando wokuguquka, zibikezele ukusatshalaliswa kwe-lithology, futhi zihlole ukungazinzi okungenzeka kwe-slope. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendlela yokunquma ukuqondiswa kwe-… Funda kabanzi
Izinhlobo Zezakhiwo Ze-Geological Nokubaluleka Kwazo Ekuhloleni Izakhiwo ze-geological ziyizimo, ukuhlelwa, kanye nokuguquguquka kwamatshe oqweqweni loMhlaba, okwakhiwa ngamandla ahlukahlukene e-tectonic, njengokucindezela, ukunwetshwa, ukugunda, noma inhlanganisela yalezi. Lezi zakhiwo zingafaka phakathi ukugoba, amaphutha, ukuqhekeka, nezinye izici ezahlukahlukene ezithinta isikhundla, ukujiya, kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza zemvelo. … Funda kabanzi
Ukubaluleka Kokuhlaziywa Kwamaminerali Okusezingeni Elifanele Amaminerali ayizici ezibalulekile ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila komuntu kanye nezinqubo zemvelo. Ukuba khona kwawo akugcini nje ngokubumba isakhiwo soMhlaba kodwa futhi kusebenza njengomthombo wezinto zokusetshenziswa zezimboni, amandla, kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuba amaminerali asetshenziswe kahle, isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ukuhlonza uhlobo lwawo ngokufanele. Yilapho… Funda kabanzi
Izindlela Zokunquma Isikhathi Somhlaba I-geochronology igatsha lesayensi yomhlaba elifunda isikhathi sezinto ze-geological kanye nokulandelana kwezenzakalo ezabumba uMhlaba. Ngokusebenzisa i-geochronology, ososayensi bangaphendula imibuzo eyisisekelo: ukuthi uMhlaba uneminyaka emingaki, amatshe athile akheka nini, nokuthi umlando weplanethi uqhubeka kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukunquma ubudala boMhlaba akwenziwa "ngokubala ubuyela emuva"... Funda kabanzi
Amasu Okuxosha Ama-Seismic Refraction Ekuhloleni Kwezwe Amasu okuxosha ama-Seismic refraction ayindlela ye-geophysical esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhloleni kwezwe ukuze kuhlolwe izimo zangaphansi komhlaba ngokusekelwe ekusakazweni kwamagagasi okuxosha ama-seismic. Le ndlela isebenzisa isimiso sokuthi amagagasi okuxosha ama-seismic asakazeka ngesivinini esihlukene lapho edlula ezingqimbeni zamadwala anezakhiwo ezihlukile zomzimba, ikakhulukazi ubuningi kanye nokunwebeka. Ngoba… Funda kabanzi
