Izindlela Zokwakheka Kwezwe Ekuhloleni Uphethiloli
Ukuhlola uphethiloli kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi odinga izindlela ezahlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthola nokuhlola izindawo ezigciniwe zikaphethiloli ngaphansi kobuso boMhlaba. Enye yezifundo ezidlala indima ebalulekile kulo msebenzi yi-geophysics. Izindlela ze-geophysical zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni uphethiloli ngoba zinganikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezindlela ezahlukene ze-geophysical ezisetshenziswa ekuhloleni uphethiloli, kusukela ku-theory kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwensimu.
Isingeniso Sezindlela Ze-Geophysical Ekuhloleni Uphethiloli
I-Geophysics yisayensi efunda izakhiwo zomzimba zoMhlaba kanye nendawo ezungezile isebenzisa izimiso ze-physics. Emongweni wokuhlola uphethiloli, i-geophysics isetshenziselwa ukumaka indawo engaphansi komhlaba nokukhomba ubukhona kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamachibi e-hydrocarbon.
Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko ze-geophysical ezisetshenziswa ekuhloleni uphethiloli, okuhlanganisa ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukudonsa, amandla kazibuthe, kanye nogesi. Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, futhi ngayinye ingahambisana nezinye ukuze ithole isithombe esiphelele somhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba.
Indlela Yokuzamazama Komhlaba
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo
Izindlela zokuzamazama komhlaba yizona zindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhloleni uwoyela. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sale ndlela ukulinganisa amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba aboniswa noma aphikisiwe yizingqimba zamadwala ngaphansi kobuso boMhlaba. Idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba etholakala ivumela izazi ze-geophysicists ukuthi zidale izithombe ezinezilinganiso ezintathu zezakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Amasu Okuthola Idatha Yesiphepho
Inqubo yokuthola idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba ivame ukuhilela izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukukhiqiza umthombo wokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokuqopha amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba. Umthombo wokuzamazama komhlaba ungaba ukuqhuma okuncane (i-dynamite), ukudlidliza (i-vibroseis), noma omunye umthombo wokushukuma. Amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba avelayo ahamba ezingqimbeni zamadwala futhi abuye abonakale ebusweni. Lokhu kukhanya kube sekuthathwa yizinzwa ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-geophone noma ama-hydrophone.
Ukucutshungulwa Nokuhunyushwa Kwedatha Yesimiksi
Ngemva kokuthola idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukucubungula idatha. Le nqubo ihilela amasu ahlukahlukene ekhompyutha ukususa umsindo nokuthuthukisa ukuxazululwa kwedatha. Okulandelayo, idatha ecutshungulwayo ihunyushwa ukuze kudalwe imodeli engaphansi komhlaba. Izazi ze-Geophysicists zisebenzisa le modeli ukuthola izakhiwo ezingase zibambe ama-hydrocarbon.
Indlela ye-Gravimetric
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo
Izindlela zokulinganisa ubukhulu zilinganisa ukuhlukahluka okuncane ensimini yamandla adonsela phansi yoMhlaba okubangelwa ukuhlukahluka kobuningi bamadwala angaphansi komhlaba. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu ekudwebeni izakhiwo ezinkulu ze-geological, njengezindawo zosawoti noma izitsha ze-sedimentary, ezingaba nokuqongelela uwoyela negesi.
Indlela Yokuthola Idatha Ye-Gravimetric
Ukulinganisa i-gravimetric kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-gravimeter, ithuluzi elizwela kakhulu ezinguqukweni ensimini yamandla adonsela phansi. Idatha ye-gravimetric ingatholakala emoyeni (ehamba emoyeni), olwandle (olwandle), noma ezweni (emhlabeni). Amasu okushayela emoyeni ngokuvamile asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuhloleni izindawo ezinkulu, ezingafinyeleleki.
Ukucutshungulwa Nokuhunyushwa Kwedatha Ye-Gravimetric
Ngemva kokuthola idatha ye-gravimetric, izinyathelo zokucubungula zifaka phakathi ukulungiswa kokwehluka kwesifunda kanye nokuphazamiseka kwendawo, njengokuma komhlaba kanye nokwehluka kobuningi bendawo. Idatha ecutshunguliwe ibe isihunyushwa ukuze kutholakale izakhiwo ze-geological ezingasebenza njengezicupho ze-hydrocarbon.
Indlela Kamagnetic
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo
Izindlela zikamaginethi zilinganisa ukwehluka kwensimu kazibuthe yoMhlaba okubangelwa ukwehluka kokumaginethi kwamatshe angaphansi komhlaba. Lezi zindlela zivame ukusetshenziswa kanye nezindlela ze-gravimetric ukunikeza isithombe sokuqala sesakhiwo se-geological endaweni enkulu.
Amasu Okuthola Idatha Kamagnetic
Ukulinganiswa kwedatha yamagnetic kungenziwa ngokuhlola kwasemoyeni, olwandle, noma komhlaba kusetshenziswa ama-magnetometer. Ukuhlolwa kwasemoyeni kusebenzisa izindiza noma izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ukukala amasimu amagnetic ezindaweni ezinkulu, okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Le datha isetshenziselwa ukudala amamephu angavamile amagnetic abonisa ukwehluka kwensimu yamagnetic.
Ukucutshungulwa Nokuhunyushwa Kwedatha KaMagnetic
Inqubo yokucubungula idatha yamagnetic ihilela ukulungiswa kokushintshashintsha kwansuku zonke kanye nokuphazamiseka kwendawo. Idatha ecutshungulwayo ibe isihunyushwa ukuze kutholakale izakhiwo ze-geological ezingase zigcine ama-hydrocarbon.
Indlela ye-Geoelectric
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo
Izindlela ze-geoelectric, noma zokumelana, zilinganisa ukumelana kukagesi kwamadwala angaphansi komhlaba. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu ekuboneni izendlalelo zamadwala ezinezakhiwo zikagesi ezihlukile, njengezindawo zokugcina uwoyela negesi, ezivame ukuba nokumelana okuphezulu kunezihlabathi ezizungezile.
Amasu Okuthola Idatha Ye-Geoelectric
Izilinganiso ze-geoelectric zenziwa ngokufaka ugesi emhlabathini bese kulinganiswa amandla kagesi aphumayo. Lolu lwazi lusetshenziswa ukubala ukusatshalaliswa kokumelana komhlaba. Amasu avamile afaka phakathi ukuzwakala (ukubhoboza okuqondile) kanye nokuphrofayili (ukubhoboza okuvundlile).
Ukucutshungulwa Nokuhunyushwa Kwedatha Ye-Geoelectric
Ngemva kokuthola idatha ye-geoelectric, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukucubungula idatha ukuze kudalwe imodeli yokumelana ne-subsurface. Le modeli ibe isihunyushwa ukuze ihlonze izingqimba zamadwala ezingaba khona njengezindawo zokugcina uwoyela negesi.
Inhlanganisela Yezindlela Ze-Geophysical
Nakuba indlela ngayinye ye-geophysical inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, inhlanganisela yezindlela eziningana ivame ukusetshenziswa ukunikeza isithombe esibanzi kakhulu se-subsurface yoMhlaba. Isibonelo, idatha ye-seismic ingasetshenziswa ukumaka izakhiwo ze-subsurface ngemininingwane eminingi, kuyilapho idatha ye-gravimetric kanye ne-magnetic inganikeza umbono jikelele wesakhiwo se-geological endaweni enkulu.
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwezindlela eziningana ze-geophysical nakho kusiza ekunciphiseni ukungaqiniseki kanye nokwandisa ukunemba ekuboneni izindawo ezingaba nowoyela negesi.
Izinselele kanye Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha Ezindleleni Ze-Geophysical
Nakuba izindlela ze-geophysical ziwusizo kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwe-petroleum, kusenezinselele. Inselele enkulu eyodwa ukungaqiniseki ekuchazeni idatha, okungabangelwa ubunzima be-subsurface geology kanye nesisombululo esilinganiselwe sezindlela ze-geophysical.
Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinselele, kuyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Intuthuko ekubhaleni, kuma-algorithms okucubungula idatha, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthola idatha isize ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kwezindlela ze-geophysical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko ekufundeni komshini kanye namasu obuhlakani bokwenziwa idlala indima ekuchazeni idatha eyinkimbinkimbi ye-geophysical.
Isiphetho
Izindlela ze-geophysical zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlolweni kwe-petroleum. Ngokuhlanganisa amasu ahlukahlukene njenge-seismic, gravimetric, magnetic, kanye ne-geoelectric, izazi ze-geophysicists zinganikeza isithombe esibanzi sesakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba kanye nokuba khona kwama-hydrocarbon okungenzeka. Ukuhlanganiswa kokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwezindlela ze-geophysical kuzoqhubeka nokuba yisihluthulelo sempumelelo ekuhlolweni kwe-petroleum kwesikhathi esizayo.
