Kungani Ama-tsunami Enzeka Ngemva Kokuzamazama Komhlaba
I-Pendahuluan
Izinhlekelele zemvelo ezifana nokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nama-tsunami zivame ukuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kubantu. Lezi zimo ezimbili zivame ukuxhunyaniswa, ukuzamazama komhlaba kuyimbangela eyinhloko yama-tsunami. Kodwa le nqubo yenzeka kanjani ngempela? Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngobudlelwano phakathi kokuzamazama komhlaba nama-tsunami, kanye nezinqubo ezibangela ukuba ama-tsunami enzeke ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ukuqonda Ukuzamazama Komhlaba
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kungukudlidliza okwenzeka ebusweni boMhlaba ngenxa yokukhululwa kwamandla akhiqizwa umsebenzi ongaphakathi koqweqwe loMhlaba. Lo msebenzi uvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuhamba kwamapuleti e-tectonic. Ngokusho kombono we-tectonics yamapuleti, ubuso boMhlaba buqukethe amapuleti amakhulu amaningana ahambayo maqondana nomunye nomunye. Lapho amandla aqoqwe emingceleni yamapuleti ekhishwa, ukudlidliza okuvelayo kungasakazeka ebusweni boMhlaba, kubangele ukuzamazama komhlaba.
Indlela Yokuzamazama Komhlaba
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka lapho amandla aqongelelwe ngaphakathi koMhlaba ekhishwa. Lawa mandla avame ukuqongelela eduze kwamaphutha noma imingcele yamapuleti. Lapho umkhawulo wokunwebeka wezinto zepuleti le-tectonic udlula, amandla akhishwa ngokudlidliza okusabalala kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngesimo samagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba. Lokhu kudlidliza yilokho esikuzwa njengokuzamazama komhlaba. Ubukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba kulinganiswa kusetshenziswa isikali sikaRichter noma isikali sikaMoment Magnitude, esinikeza inkomba yenani lamandla akhishwayo.
Ukuqonda i-Tsunami
I-tsunami uchungechunge lwamagagasi amakhulu akhiwa ukufuduka okungazelelwe komthamo omkhulu wamanzi olwandle. Ama-tsunami avame ukubangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kwamanzi, yize futhi angabangelwa ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo ngaphansi kwamanzi, ukudilika komhlaba ngaphansi kwamanzi, noma ngisho nokushayisana kwe-meteorite.
Inqubo Yokwenzeka Kwe-Tsunami
Uma kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kolwandle, ukunyakaza kwamaphutha kungabangela ukunyakaza okuqondile phansi kolwandle. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokunyakaza kwamaphutha okungabangela ama-tsunami: ukunyakaza okuqondile kanye nokunyakaza okuqondile. Uma phansi kolwandle kukhuphuka noma kwehla ngokuzumayo, umthamo wamanzi ngaphezu kwalo nawo uzohamba, okudala amagagasi e-tsunami angasakazeka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu.
Inqubo Engokoqobo Ye-Tsunami Ngemva Kokuzamazama Komhlaba
1. Ukufuduka Emanzini Olwandle
Uma kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kwamanzi, ulwandle lungaphakama noma lucwile ngemizuzwana embalwa. Lokhu kuhamba okuqondile kubangela izinguquko ezisheshayo ekholomu yamanzi, okube sekuqala amagagasi e-tsunami.
2. Ukwakheka Kwamagagasi Okuqala
Lokhu kuzulazula okukhulu kwamanzi kudala igagasi elikhulu eliphuma endaweni ephukile. Leli gagasi ekuqaleni libonakala lincane kakhulu ebusweni bolwandle olujulile ngenxa yobude balo obude kakhulu.
3. Ukusabalala Kwamagagasi
Lawa magagasi amakhulu angahamba ngesivinini esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-800 ngehora olwandle olujulile, cishe ngesivinini esifana nendiza yezentengiselwano. Ngakho-ke, ama-tsunami angafika ogwini olukude ngesikhathi esifushane.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamandla Eduze Nogu
Njengoba amagagasi esondela ezindaweni ezingajulile, isivinini sawo siyancipha, kodwa ukuphakama kwawo kuyanda kakhulu. Ngesikhathi efika ogwini, amagagasi e-tsunami angaba made kakhulu futhi abhubhise.
5. Ukwehla Nokugeleza Kwamagagasi
Ama-tsunami avame ukuza ngochungechunge lwamagagasi, kanti amagagasi esibili nawesithathu ngezinye izikhathi amakhulu kunelokuqala. Lesi simo singandisa futhi sandise indawo ethinteke yi-tsunami.
Izici Ezithinta Ubukhulu Be-Tsunami
Indawo Nokujula Kokuzamazama Komhlaba
Ubukhulu be-tsunami buthonywa kakhulu indawo kanye nokujula kokuzamazama komhlaba. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungaphansi kolwandle okujule ngaphansi kwamakhilomitha angama-70 ngokuvamile kunamathuba amaningi okubangela i-tsunami kunokuzamazama komhlaba okujule kakhulu. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kumele futhi kube seduze nogu noma indawo yokuhlala ukuze kubangele umonakalo omkhulu.
Ukuqina Kokuzamazama Komhlaba
Amandla adonsela phansi, noma amandla okuzamazama komhlaba nawo athinta kakhulu amathuba okuba kube ne-tsunami. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungaphezu kuka-7.5 esikalini sikaRichter kuvame ukulandelwa yi-tsunami ebalulekile.
I-Topography Engaphansi Kolwandle
Ukuma kwephansi lolwandle nakho kuthonya indlela amagagasi e-tsunami akheka futhi ahamba ngayo. Amaphutha adala imithambeka emide cishe angabangela ama-tsunami amakhulu kunezindawo ezinephansi lolwandle eliyisicaba.
Ibanga ukusuka ebhishi
Uma indawo eyinhloko iseduze nogu, kulapho amathuba okuba amagagasi e-tsunami ashaye ugu ngamandla aphelele. Uma indawo eyinhloko ikude nogu, amagagasi e-tsunami angase alahlekelwe amandla awo ngaphambi kokuba afike ogwini.
Izimo Zasogwini Nase-Bay
Amachweba amancane kanye nogu oluphakeme kuvame ukwandisa ukuphakama kwamagagasi e-tsunami lapho efika ezweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amandla amagagasi agxile endaweni encane, okwandisa imiphumela ebhubhisayo ye-tsunami.
Umthelela we-Tsunami
Umthelela we-tsunami ungaba mubi kakhulu. Azibhubhisi nje kuphela ingqalasizinda kodwa futhi zibangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwempilo, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho, kanye nemiphumela ehlala njalo yengqondo kubantu abathintekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-tsunami angabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle nezasemhlabeni futhi angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlanzeka kanye nemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile.
Isiphetho
Ama-tsunami ayizinto zemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kunzima ukuzibikezela ngokunembile. Kodwa-ke, ukuqonda ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kubangela kanjani ama-tsunami kungasisiza ukuthi sakhe izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi kanye namasu okunciphisa umthelela wawo. Ama-tsunami amaningi adalwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla ngaphansi kolwandle, lapho ukunyakaza okungazelelwe phansi kolwandle kubangela ukuhamba kwamanzi amaningi. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe nocwaningo, ithemba liwukuthi ikhono lethu lokubikezela nokuphendula kulezi zinhlekelele lizothuthuka, kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kanye nokulimala okubangelwa ama-tsunami esikhathi esizayo.
Izinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi kanye nemfundo yomphakathi ngalokho okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka isixwayiso se-tsunami kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukulimala kanye nokulahlekelwa yile nhlekelele yemvelo. Ukuqonda kangcono izindlela zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nama-tsunami kuzosinika ithuba lokubhekana nalezi zenzakalo zemvelo ezibulalayo.
