Izici Ezithinta Ukusimama Kwezimayini
Ukuzinza kwezimayini kuwumqondo ogcizelela ukuthi imisebenzi yezimayini kumele ihlinzeke ngezinzuzo zomnotho nezenhlalo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhono lemvelo nemiphakathi lokusinda nokuchuma esikhathini esizayo. Empeleni, ukumba kuyimboni ebalulekile emazweni amaningi, ehlinzeka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zezimboni, amandla, imisebenzi, kanye nemali engenayo kahulumeni. Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi uphethe nezingozi ezinkulu: umonakalo wezinto eziphilayo, izingxabano zomphakathi, ukungcola kwamanzi nomoya, kanye nezinguquko zomhlaba ezingenakuguqulwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuzinza kwezimayini kuthonywa izici ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene, kusukela kunqubomgomo nobuchwepheshe kuya ekubusweni kwezinkampani.
1. Umthethonqubo kanye Nokuqiniswa Komthetho
Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuzinzeni kwezimayini yikhwalithi yemithethonqubo kanye nokuqiniswa komthetho okuqhubekayo. Imithethonqubo ecacile mayelana nezimvume zebhizinisi, ukuhlela indawo, imikhawulo yokukhishwa kwegesi, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza, ukubuyiselwa kwempahla, kanye nezibopho zangemva kokumba kuyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yokumba iqhutshwa ngendlela engahlelekile. Kodwa-ke, imithethonqubo yodwa ayanele uma ukungalungi kubuthakathaka. Ukuqiniswa komthetho okuqinile ngokumelene nokwephulwa komthetho njengokumba ngokungemthetho, ukulahla imfucuza ngokungakhethi, noma ukuhlanzwa komhlaba ezindaweni ezivikelwe kuzokhuthaza izinkampani ukuthi zilandele futhi zitshale imali emikhubeni ephephile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqiniseka ngokomthetho kuzuzisa abatshalizimali nezinkampani ezifuna imisebenzi esimeme. Lapho imithetho ishintsha noma ivumela ukufana, izinkampani zivame ukuphishekela inzuzo yesikhashana, okwandisa izingozi zebhizinisi. Ngakho-ke, ukumba okusimeme kudinga imithetho ezinzile, esobala, nebikezelwayo.
2. Ukuphathwa Kwebhizinisi Nokubonakala
Ukuphathwa kahle kwezinkampani kuthonya ukuthi imisebenzi yezimayini iqhutshwa ngokuzibophezela yini. Izinkampani ezinezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwemvelo, ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi, ukubika ngokusimama, kanye nezindlela zokukhalaza ngokuvamile zikwazi kangcono ukuphatha imiphumela. Ukucaca nakho kubalulekile: umphakathi unelungelo lokwazi izinhlelo zokusebenza zenkampani, imiphumela engaba khona, nokuthi iphathwa kanjani.
Izinhlelo ezifana nokubika kwe-ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) kanye nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke (isb., ISO 14001 yokuphathwa kwemvelo) zingandisa ukuzibophezela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucaca ekukhokheni ohulumeni (isb., ngokusebenzisa i-Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative—EITI) kusiza ekunciphiseni inkohlakalo, kwandise ukwethenjwa komphakathi, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinzuzo zomnotho zezimayini zabelwana ngokulinganayo.
3. Ubuchwepheshe kanye Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha Kokusebenza
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe inganciphisa imiphumela yemvelo futhi yandise ukusebenza kahle kwezinsizakusebenza. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini esindayo eyonga uphethiloli, izinhlelo zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nezindlela zokucubungula amaminerali ezinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi. Kwezinye izimo, ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula obuhlanzekile kunganciphisa ivolumu yemisila futhi kunciphise ingozi yokuvuza.
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela nakho kudlala indima. Ngama-sensor, ama-drone, kanye nokumodela kwe-geological okunembe kakhudlwana, izinkampani zingenza ngcono imiklamo yezimayini, zinciphise ukumba okungadingekile, futhi zinciphise ukuphazamiseka komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nezinsizakusebenza zabantu abanekhono. Amabhizinisi angakulungele avame ukusebenzisa izindlela zakudala ezishibhile kodwa ezinemiphumela ephezulu.
4. Ukuphathwa Kwemvelo kanye Nokubuyiselwa Kwezimayini Ngemva Kokumbiwa
Ukuzinza kwezimayini kunqunywa kakhulu yindlela izinkampani eziphatha ngayo imvelo, kusukela ekuhloleni kuya ekuvalweni kwezimayini. Ukuphathwa kwamanzi kubalulekile: imisebenzi yokumba ingashintsha ukugeleza kwemifula, yonakalise ikhwalithi yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, futhi yandise ukugcwala kwenhlabathi. Ukulawulwa kokukhipha amanzi ezimayini ezine-asidi, ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile, kanye nokuphathwa kwemisele kuyizilinganiso ezibalulekile.
Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kanye nokuvulwa kwemigodi ngemva kokumba nakho kunquma imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Ukuvuselelwa okufanele akugcini nje ngokuhlaza umhlaba kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwenhlabathi, ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo, kanye nokuphepha komphakathi. Iziqinisekiso zokuvuselelwa kabusha ezifakwe kusengaphambili kanye nezinhlelo zokuvalwa kwemigodi ezinemininingwane zisebenza njengamathuluzi okuvimbela izinkampani ekushiyeni imigodi yemigodi ngokungenandaba.
5. Ukubandakanyeka Komphakathi kanye Nokwamukelwa Komphakathi
Imisebenzi yezimayini ivame ukusebenza ezindaweni ezihlalwa yimiphakathi yendawo, okuhlanganisa nemiphakathi yendabuko. Ngakho-ke, ukusimama akukwazi ukufezwa ngaphandle "kwelayisensi yezenhlalo yokusebenza," noma ukwamukelwa komphakathi. Izingxabano zomhlaba, isinxephezelo esingafanele, noma ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuphila yendabuko kungabangela ukumelana, imibhikisho, ngisho nokumiswa kwemisebenzi.
Ukuzibandakanya komphakathi kumele kusungulwe kusukela ekuqaleni ngokubonisana okunenjongo, ukwabelana ngolwazi okusobala, kanye nezindlela zokuxoxisana ezifanele. Isimiso se-Free, Pre, and Informed Consent (FPIC) sivame ukucashunwa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zomdabu: imvume kumele ingabi nokuphoqelelwa, itholakale ngaphambi kokuba iphrojekthi iqale, futhi isekelwe olwazini oluphelele. Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umphakathi kufanele futhi zigxile ekuzimeleni kwezomnotho, hhayi nje ekusizeni kwesikhashana.
6. Umthelela Wezomnotho Nokusatshalaliswa Kwezinzuzo
Ukumba okusimeme akukhona nje kuphela ngemvelo, kodwa futhi nangendlela izinzuzo zomnotho eziphathwa ngayo. Uma imali engenayo yezimayini ijatshulelwa amaqembu ambalwa kuphela kuyilapho imiphakathi ezungezile ithwala imiphumela, iphrojekthi izolwela ukusinda. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinzuzo kungatholakala ngezintela ezisebenzayo kanye nemali ekhokhwayo, izinqubomgomo ezingezansi, ukubambisana namabhizinisi endawo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi bendawo.
Ukuqina komnotho ngemva kokumba nakho kubalulekile. Izindawo eziningi zokumba zibhekana nokukhula nokuqothuka: lapho imayini isebenza, umnotho uyakhula, kodwa lapho ivala, ukungasebenzi kanye nobumpofu kuyanda. Amasu okuhlukahluka komnotho wendawo—njengezolimo zesimanje, ezokuvakasha kwezemvelo, ezokukhiqiza, noma izinsizakalo—anganciphisa ukuthembela ekumba futhi athuthukise ukuzinza kwesifunda.
7. Ukuphepha Nempilo Emsebenzini (K3)
Ukuphepha emsebenzini kuvame ukuba uphawu lokuzibophezela ekuqhubekeni. Ukumba kuthwala izingozi ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa ukudilika komhlaba, ukuqhuma, ukuchayeka othulini, kanye nezingozi zemishini esindayo. Uhlelo oluqinile lokuphepha emsebenzini kanye nezempilo luvikela abasebenzi, lunciphisa isikhathi esilahlekile, futhi luvimbele izinhlekelele ezingathinta umphakathi kabanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yemiphakathi ezungezile kumele icatshangelwe ngokuqapha uthuli, umsindo, kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi, kanye nokulawula izifo ezihlobene nezinguquko zemvelo.
8. Izimo Zendawo, Indawo, kanye Nokubekeka Kahle Kwesistimu Yezinto Eziphilayo
Akuzona zonke izindawo zokumba ezinezinga elifanayo lengozi. Ukumba ezindaweni zamahlathi emvula, ezintabeni eziphakeme, noma eduze nezindawo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo kunezingozi ezinkulu zemvelo kunezindawo ezishintshiwe. Izici zejiyoloji ezifana namathuba okukhipha amanzi emayini ene-asidi, okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo, kanye nokuqina kwamadwala kuthinta izinga lobunzima bokuphatha.
Uma indawo yokusebenza isengozini kakhulu, kulapho kudingeka khona amazinga okunciphisa izingozi. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lwe-AMDAL (Environmental Impact Analysis) olusezingeni eliphezulu, oluqhutshwa idatha lubalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi iphrojekthi ingenzeka kanjani nokuthi izinhlelo zokunciphisa izingozi kanye nokuqapha kufanele ziqaliswe kanjani.
9. Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nokuguquka Kwamandla
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuya ngokuya kuphazamisa imisebenzi yezimayini. Imvula enkulu ingandisa ingozi yezikhukhula zezimayini, ukudilika komhlaba, kanye nokwehluleka kwezikhungo zokususa ukungcola. Okwamanje, izidingo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ziqhuba izinkampani ukuthi zinciphise umthelela wazo wekhabhoni ngokufakwa kukagesi kwemishini, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo.
Ushintsho lwamandla lushintsha nesidingo samaminerali: amaminerali amabhethri, amaphaneli elanga, kanye nengqalasizinda kagesi ayanda, kuyilapho amalahle ebhekene nengcindezi yomhlaba wonke. Ukuzinza kwezimayini manje kusho nokuzivumelanisa nezitayela zesidingo semakethe, imithethonqubo yekhabhoni, kanye nezidingo zabathengi zamaketanga okuphakelwa anomthwalo wemfanelo.
Isiphetho
Ukuzinza kwezimayini kuthonywa yinhlanganisela yezici zomthetho, ukuphathwa kwezinkampani, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuphathwa kwemvelo, ukwamukelwa komphakathi, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinzuzo zomnotho, ukuphepha emsebenzini, izimo zejoloji, kanye nokuguquguquka kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuguquka kwamandla. Zonke lezi zici zixhumene: ubuchwepheshe obuhle ngeke buphumelele ngaphandle kokubhekwa okuqinile, futhi izinhlelo zomphakathi ngeke ziphumelele uma imvelo yonakaliswa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukumba okusimeme kudinga indlela ephelele—ukuhlanganisa ukuhlela kwesikhathi eside, ukucaca, ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi, kanye nokuzibophezela ekubuyiseleni imvelo ngemva kokuba imisebenzi isiqediwe. Ngezinyathelo ezifanele, ukumba kungaba umshayeli wentuthuko ngaphandle kokudela ikusasa.
