Ayini Amapuleti E-Tectonic Ahlukahlukene?
I-Pendahuluan
Umhlaba uyiplanethi eguquguqukayo futhi eshintsha njalo. Umqondo owodwa obalulekile ekuqondeni ukuguquguquka koMhlaba yi -plate tectonics . Leli gama libhekisela ekuhambeni nasekusebenzisaneni kwamapuleti amakhulu akha ungqimba loMhlaba . Ekufundweni kwe-plate tectonics , izinhlobo eziningana zemingcele yamapuleti ziyaqashelwa, enye yazo umngcele wepuleti elihlukanisiwe. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokujulile ngokuthi iyini i-divergent plate tectonics, ukuthi yenzeka kanjani, kanye nemiphumela yayo kanye nezibonelo zomhlaba wangempela.
Ukuqonda Amapuleti E-Tectonic Ahlukahlukene
Ama-tectonics e-plate ahlukene ayenzeka lapho amapuleti amabili ongqimba loMhlaba eqhela komunye nomunye. Le nqubo ivame ukwenzeka phansi kolwandle futhi yaziwa ngokuthi "ama-ridges aphakathi nolwandle." Kodwa-ke, ama-tectonics e-plate ahlukene angenzeka nasemhlabeni. Njengoba amapuleti amabili eqhela, i-magma evela ekujuleni kwe-mantle yoMhlaba ikhuphukela phezulu ukuze igcwalise isikhala. Le nqubo iholela ekwakhekeni kongqimba olusha.
Indlela Yokusebenza
Indlela yokusebenza kwamapuleti e-tectonic ahlukene ingachazwa ngezigaba eziningana:
1. Ukufudumeza nokwelula
Ngaphansi kongqimba loMhlaba kukhona ungqimba oluyi-semi-liquid olwaziwa ngokuthi i-asthenosphere. Le asthenosphere yilapho kwenzeka khona imisinga yokuguquguquka, eqhutshwa ukushisa okuvela enkabeni yoMhlaba. Le misinga yokuguquguquka ibangela ukuthi ungqimba loMhlaba lunwebeke ezindaweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi phakathi nolwandle.
2. Ukwakheka Kwemifantu Nezikhala
Njengoba ungqimba loMhlaba luqala ukwelula, imifantu emincane nemifantu iqala ukwakheka ebusweni. Ekuqaleni, le mifantu ingaba mincane kakhulu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izokhula futhi yakhe imifantu ebalulekile.
3. I-Magma Ekhuphukayo
Njengoba kwakheka igebe, i-magma evela emphethweni woMhlaba ikhuphukela phezulu ukuze iwugcwalise. I-magma ekhuphukela phezulu iyaphola futhi iqine, yakhe uqweqwe olusha. Le nqubo yenzeka njalo, okwenza amapuleti aqhubeke nokuhlukana ngesilinganiso esimaphakathi esingaba ngu-2.5 cm ngonyaka.
4. Ukwakheka kwe-Mid-Ocean Ridge
Le nqubo eqhubekayo ikhiqiza izakhiwo ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-mid-ocean ridges. Ama-mid-ocean ridge ayizintaba-mlilo ezingaphansi kwamanzi futhi ayizindawo ezibalulekile lapho kwenzeka khona ukuhlukana kwamapuleti. Isibonelo esaziwayo yi-Mid-Atlantic Ridge, ehlukanisa ama-North American kanye nama-Eurasian Plates e-Atlantic Ocean.
Umthelela kanye Nemiphumela
Amapuleti e-tectonic ahlukene anemiphumela eminingana ebalulekile, kokubili ngokwejiyoloji kanye nangokwemvelo.
1. Ukwakheka Koqweqwe Olusha
Omunye wemiphumela eyinhloko ye-tectonics yamapuleti ahlukene ukwakheka koqweqwe olusha. Loluqweqwe olusha luvela ekukhuphukeni kwe-magma phezu komhlaba bese luqina. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekuqondeni umjikelezo wejiyoloji woMhlaba, lapho uqweqwe oludala luncishiswa khona futhi luphinde lusetshenziswe, kuyilapho uqweqwe olusha luhlala lukhiwa.
Amapuleti ahlukene ayizindawo lapho kunemisebenzi eminingi yezintaba-mlilo. Lapho i-magma iphakama iye phezulu, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo kuvame ukwenzeka. Nakuba lokhu kuqhuma kuvame ukwenzeka phansi kolwandle futhi kungabonakali kubantu, kunomthelela omkhulu ezintweni eziphilayo zasolwandle.
3. Ukwakheka Kweziqhingi Ezintsha
Kwezinye izimo, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ingaholela ekuveleni kweziqhingi ezintsha. Isibonelo esidumile yiziqhingi zaseSurtsey e-Iceland, ezavela olwandle ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ngo-1963. Lezi ziqhingi ziyaqhubeka nokukhula futhi ziyizinto ezibalulekile zokufunda ekuqondeni izinqubo ze-geological zoMhlaba.
Nakuba ukuzamazama komhlaba okuningi okuhlobene namapuleti ahlukene kungekukhulu njengalokho okwenzeka emingceleni yamapuleti ahlanganayo, kusengaba yinto ebalulekile. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka lapho ukucindezeleka okwakhiwe ukunyakaza kwamapuleti kukhululwa ngokuzumayo.
Izibonelo Zomhlaba Wangempela
Nazi ezinye izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela ze-divergent plate tectonics esebenzayo:
1. Umzila Ophakathi Kwe-Atlantic
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-Mid-Atlantic Ridge ingenye yezibonelo ezidumile kakhulu ze-tectonics yamapuleti ahlukene. Lo mngcele wolwandle uhlukanisa amapuleti aseNyakatho Melika kanye nama-Eurasia enyakatho, kanye namapuleti aseNingizimu Melika kanye nama-Afrika eningizimu.
2. IGreat Rift Valley
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukana kwamapuleti ezenzeka phansi kolwandle. IGreat Rift Valley eMpumalanga Afrika iyisibonelo sokuhlukana kwamapuleti okwenzeka emhlabeni. I-Arabian Plate iyasuka e-African Plate, idala isigodi esikhulu. Lesi sifunda saziwa nangokusebenza kwaso kwezintaba-mlilo, njengeNtaba iKilimanjaro kanye nezintaba-mlilo eLake Nyasa.
3. I-Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge
I-Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge ingenye isibonelo samapuleti e-tectonic abalulekile ahlukene. Lo mngcele wolwandle uhlukanisa i-African Plate kanye ne-Indo-Australian Plate. Umsebenzi ohlukene lapha uthinta isifunda sase-Indian Ocean.
Isiphetho
I-Divergent plate tectonics yinto yemvelo edlala indima ebalulekile ekushintsheni kwejiyoloji yoMhlaba. Ngokuhlukanisa amapuleti amakhulu nokwakha uqweqwe olusha, i-divergent plate tectonics isiza ukugcina ibhalansi emjikelezweni wejiyoloji woMhlaba. Le nqubo ayithinti nje kuphela isakhiwo somzimba soMhlaba kodwa futhi ithinta nezindawo eziphilayo kanye nokuphila okuzungezile.
Ngokuqonda okujulile kwe-tectonics yamapuleti ahlukene, singakuqonda kangcono ubunzima nobuhle beplanethi esihlala kuyo. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokubuka lesi simo kuzosisiza ukubikezela nokuphatha imiphumela yaso, kokubili ngezinhloso zesayensi kanye nezisebenzayo. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nocwaningo olushintshayo kuvula amathuba okuhlola okwengeziwe kule ndawo, okuthuthukisa ulwazi lwethu nge-dynamics yoMhlaba.
